>Are there any specific issues which cannot be addressed in the framwwork of 
>TLS 1.3

I think almost everything _can_ be handled with extensions. A new version is 
justified when changes become too large or too numerous to fit cleanly into the 
extension model. Another valid reason is to more clearly forbid outdated or 
insecure options.

I don't think draft-zhou-tls-tls14 motivates 1.4. Traffic Flow Security (TFS) 
is already specified, and the other parts should likely not be done.

That said, a TLS 1.4 could make sense sometime in the future if it were used to 
mandate stronger security properties and eliminate weak options. For example:

- Require quantum-resistant cryptography only.
- Require ephemeral key exchange in all cases.
- Require implementations to perform mAEAD rekeying (currently left optional or 
often pushed to the application).
- Phase out static keys, or at least not violate NIST requirements (SP 800-227).
- Require support for strong rekeying. TLS 1.3’s KeyUpdate is much weaker than 
the mechanisms in IPsec, SSH, and Signal and does not provide protection 
against key leakage.
- Provide identity protection. Today, PSK identities and SNI are still sent in 
the clear.
- Avoid designing around HKDF and HMAC, which are only needed when the hash 
function has significant vulnerabilities/issues such as length-extension, 
failure to behave like a random function, lack of variable-length output, etc.
- Mandate support for ECH and other extensions.

Cheers,
John

From: Eric Rescorla <[email protected]>
Date: Wednesday, 1 October 2025 at 19:59
To: Bocai Zhou <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected] <[email protected]>, <[email protected]>
Subject: [TLS] Re: [Pqc] Subject: Request for Technical Review: Internet-Draft 
draft-zhou-tls-tls14-03 – The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 
1.4
+ TLS WG

Bocai,

I agree with Paul Hoffman that the place to send this
document would be the TLS WG.

With that said I don't believe that this document is necessary.
It seems to make three primary technical changes:

1. Specifying a new set of PQ-only key establishment and signature
   algorithms and new extensions to carry them.
2. Modifying CertificateVerify to support hybrid signatures and
   Certificate to support two certificates.
3. The addition of the dummy packet for traffic analysis resistance.
4. The requirement for a specific PQ/traditional key establishment
   combiner form.

All of these can be accommodated within the existing framework
of TLS 1.3.

* For PQ-only key-establishment and signature, the client can simply
  offer the existing code points with the existing extensions but not
  offer any non-PQ values. There is no need to define new extensions,
  and I think the semantics of your extension are worse, not better.

* We already have an existing draft for dual certificate chains
  within TLS 1.3 
(https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-yusef-tls-pqt-dual-certs/).
  Incidentally, I don't think your design is correct: you write:

   If a server has negotiated a hybrid signature scheme, its Certificate
   message MUST contain two certificates: one for a traditional
   algorithm and one for a PQC algorithm.  These certificates MUST be
   presented in a new certificate_list structure.

  However, you need to present two *chains* not two certificates.
  This is the reason for the structure in draft-yusef.

* TLS 1.3 already supports empty application date records that just
  consist of padding, as defined in S 5.4 of RFC 8446. Thus,
  there is no need for a new record type to send cover traffic.

* If we think your combiner form is better, we can just require it
  in TLS 1.3.

On the non-technical side, this document is largely the same as RFC
8446. Here in the IETF, we grant rights to our contributions to the
IETF so there's nothing inherently wrong with just doing a -bis
document like this, but it's also the case that most of the work
in this document is really the work of other people, so it's not
great to remove the Contributor list, thus denying them credit.

-Ekr



On Tue, Sep 30, 2025 at 9:22 PM Bocai Zhou 
<[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>
 wrote:

Dear esteemed PQUIP Working Group experts,

I am writing to formally request a technical review of my Internet-Draft, 
draft-zhou-tls-tls14-03, which proposes The Transport Layer Security (TLS) 
Protocol Version 1.4.

While the community’s current and critical post-quantum efforts are correctly 
focused on leveraging hybrid extensions within the established framework of TLS 
1.3, this draft offers an alternative architectural exploration. I submit that 
the magnitude of the non-backward-compatible changes required for truly robust, 
long-term Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) integration—particularly concerning 
fundamental alterations to key derivation and authentication processes—warrants 
implementation under a new major protocol version number (TLS 1.4). This 
approach is designed to establish a cleaner, unambiguously secure, and 
sustainable foundation for PQC-era deployments.

Core Technical Design Highlights for TLS 1.4

The central divergence from the TLS 1.3 hybrid model is rooted in a dedicated 
separation of classical and PQC cryptographic components:

  *   Dedicated PQC Negotiation: TLS 1.4 introduces three new, dedicated 
extensions: supported_pqc_groups, pqc_key_share, and pqc_signature_algorithms. 
The existing classical supported_groups extension is deliberately constrained 
to advertise only classical groups. This cleanly enforces the separation of 
concerns for negotiation and simplifies the implementation logic required for 
both hybrid and PQC-only modes.
  *   Key Combination Method: When a hybrid key exchange yields multiple secret 
inputs (classical and PQC), TLS 1.4 strictly mandates the use of 
length-prefixed concatenation to derive a single shared secret input before its 
application to the HKDF-Extract function. This design explicitly prohibits 
alternative mixing methods, such as XOR, thereby enforcing cryptographic 
rigidity and soundness within the key schedule.
  *   Mandatory Hybrid Authentication: To effectively mitigate potential 
downgrade and substitution attacks in the long term, the design requires hybrid 
authentication to utilize two distinct certificate chains—one classical and one 
PQC. Crucially, these chains must be cryptographically linked (e.g., through 
cross-signatures or a Certified Linking X.509 Extension). The CertificateVerify 
message is accordingly updated to mandate the inclusion and validation of both 
signatures over the identical transcript hash.

Specific Request for Expert Review

Given that TLS 1.4 is fundamentally designed as a forward-looking, PQC-native 
protocol, the collective expertise of the PQUIP Working Group is invaluable to 
its validation. I respectfully request the working group to focus its review on 
the following critical areas:

  1.  The cryptographic soundness of the proposed key combination and 
derivation method.
  2.  The security properties and operational feasibility of the mandatory 
certificate linking mechanisms.
  3.  The clarity and robustness of the new negotiation rules and extension 
separation.

The current draft is available for your review here: 
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhou-tls-tls14/03/

I greatly appreciate your time and consideration of this proposal and look 
forward to a comprehensive discussion of this design on the mailing list.

Best regards,

Bocai Zhou

Author, draft-zhou-tls-tls14

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