WELCOME TO IWPRS TRIBUNAL UPDATE No. 539, February 22, 2008 BELGRADE VIOLENCE SHAKES EU CONVICTIONS Apparent belief that membership benefits would outweigh nationalist goals now seem misplaced. By Merdijana Sadovic in Sarajevo and Simon Jennings in The Hague
COURTSIDE: COURT HEARS OF AWFUL SERB-RUN CAMP Omarska camp employees speak of terrible conditions, but try not to implicate camp commander in crimes committed there. By Denis Dzidic in Sarajevo CROATIAN POLICE DENY FORCING CONFESSIONS IN GLAVAS CASE A witness says allegations of brutal methods being used during interrogation of two defendants were notorious lie. By Goran Jungvirth in Zagreb WITNESS BLAMES NATO FOR KOSOVO EXODUS Serbian official claims Albanians fled Kosovo due to NATO bombing, but admits Serb forces committed crimes there. By Simon Jennings in The Hague ACQUITTAL MOTION FOR HERCEG-BOSNA DEFENDANTS DECLINED The defence teams of six Bosnian Croat officials will have a case to answer after all. By Simon Jennings in The Hague BRIEFLY NOTED: EXTRA JUDGES TO MEET HEAVY WORKLOAD Tribunal shortly able to hear up to eight cases simultaneously - highest number since its established. By Simon Jennings in The Hague **** IWPR RESOURCES ****************************************************************** NEW PUBLICATION: SYRIA PRESS MONITOR To find out more or subscribe to RSS feed please go to: http://iwpr.net/syriapressmonitor.html SAHAR JOURNALISTS ASSISTANCE FUND To find out more or donate please go to: http://www.iwpr.net/sahar.html COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE (CIJ) TRIAL REPORTS ARCHIVE Milosevic and other ICTY Trial Reports as well as Sierra Leone Reports are now available at <http://iwpr.net/?apc_state=hen&s=c> NOW AVAILABLE IN FRENCH: Reporting Justice: A Handbook on Covering War Crimes Courts. Part I: http://iwpr.net/pdf/reporting_justice_p1_w_fr.pdf; Part II: http://iwpr.net/pdf/reporting_justice_p2_w_fr.pdf **** www.iwpr.net ******************************************************************** TRIBUNAL UPDATE RSS: http://www.iwpr.net/en/tri/rss.xml RECEIVE FROM IWPR: Readers are urged to subscribe to IWPR's full range of free electronic publications at: http://www.iwpr.net/index.php?apc_state=henh&s=s&m=p GIVE TO IWPR: IWPR is wholly dependent upon grants and donations. For more information about how you can support IWPR go to: http://www.iwpr.net/donate.html **** www.iwpr.net ******************************************************************** BELGRADE VIOLENCE SHAKES EU CONVICTIONS Apparent belief that membership benefits would outweigh nationalist goals now seem misplaced. By Merdijana Sadovic in Sarajevo and Simon Jennings in The Hague Following violent protests in Belgrade over Kosovo independence, European Union officials today, February 22, froze talks with Serbia on closer ties until the situation calms down - but analysts wonder whether the damage done to relations with the West is now irreparable. Around 200,000 protesters gathered on February 21 in Serbias capital at a rally organised by the authorities to show that Serbia does not accept Kosovo Albanians' unilateral declaration of independence, proclaimed on February 17. But the gathering turned violent when a number of protesters - angered by western recognition of Kosovos independence - attacked several embassies in Belgrade, including those of the Americans and British. According to the broadcaster B92, around 150 demonstrators were injured when they clashed with police, with one protester reportedly found dead in a blaze at the American embassy. In response to this eruption of violence, European governments have put on hold all talks with Serbia over its membership of the EU. Shortly after the protest in Belgrade, the EUs foreign policy chief Javier Solana announced that there would be no further talks until the tense situation in Serbia eases. In a press release issued on February 22, Solana said that the violence in Belgrade and the attacks on embassies there yesterday evening are totally unacceptable. Violence can lead nowhere. We call for calm, restraint and responsible behaviour by all parties." Addressing the reporters in Brussels, Solana pointed out that this is not the right moment to continue talks on building an agreement between the EU and Serbia. "We are not at this very moment trying to move that on," he said, adding that things will have to calm down before the next move is made. The EU's enlargement commissioner Olli Rehn, who has been leading difficult negotiations aimed at raising Serbia's prospects of joining the EU, strongly condemned the outbreak of violence. We respect the democratic right of the Serbian people to voice their opinion on developments in Kosovo, but the use of violence for expressing one's opinion is unacceptable," he said. "We urge all Serbian politicians to call for restraint and avoid statements that could further inflame the situation." Only a few weeks ago, Serbia seemed very close to signing the Stabilisation and Association Agreements, SAA, which is the first step towards full membership of the 27-member union. However, since it failed to meet the main pre-condition for signing the agreement the arrest of the Hague tribunals top fugitive Ratko Mladic the EU decided to wait a bit more and offered a potentially lucrative economic deal instead. The deal, presented to Serbia on January 28, included free trade with EU member countries and liberalised visa restrictions. But Kosovos unilateral declaration of independence last week and the presidential election run-off on February 3, which president Boris Tadic won by narrow margin, have meant that Belgrade has been less concerned with the EU than events in its own backyard. Soon after Pristinas declaration, the United States, Britain, France and many other European countries recognised Kosovo as an independent state, sparking a wave of protests in Serbia, which culminated in the February 21 unrest. President Tadic, who was on a visit to Romania at the time of the protests, said he did not intend to let Serbia cut itself off from the rest of the world. He reaffirmed the position that Serbia does not recognise Kosovo, but still seeks a European future. "We will never falter and we will never surrender. We will continue our struggle in a peaceful manner, with a well-defined strategic plan and we will protect our interests," said Tadic. However, the damage to Serbias relations with the western world has been done, and many observers wonder whether it is irreparable. Spomenka Grujicic, Program Director of the Helsinki Committee in Belgrade, thinks this largely depends on the position the countrys leaders take, especially President Tadic. Serbia will have to decide which way to go, she said. The biggest responsibility is on the Democratic Party, whose leader [Tadic] won the presidential elections because of his pro-European option. Now people expect him to speak up and say we would never accept [the outcome of] this rally in Belgrade. James Lyon from the International Crisis Group doesnt put too much hope in Tadic, because he has almost no power whatsoever. This is something the EU hasn't sat back and really thought through. They keep putting all their eggs in the Tadic basket and he is unable to deliver because he doesn't have the constitutional power to do so, he said. He adds that the main problem is that although polls in Serbia show that 70 per cent of people want to join the EU, when they are asked to choose between a European future and Kosovo, well over 50 per cent say they are in favour of choosing Kosovo over the EU. This is something that the EU is simply trying to gloss over. The EU's ideology is that the joys of EU membership are sufficiently strong to outweigh any nationalist programmes that may be out there and EU membership will be in itself sufficient to generate change in this part of the world, in the Balkans, because everyone will be dying to make changes. But this isn't the case. People here have shown that as long as national interests are unresolved, EU integration does not have the power to act as a magnet or a carrot to generate change. Merdijana Sadovic is IWPRs Hague programme manager and Simon Jennings is an IWPR reporter in The Hague. COURTSIDE: COURT HEARS OF AWFUL SERB-RUN CAMP. Omarska camp employees speak of terrible conditions, but try not to implicate camp commander in crimes committed there. By Denis Dzidic in Sarajevo Defence witnesses at a Serb policemans war crimes trial in Sarajevo testified this week how conditions at a detention camp he oversaw were appalling, but disagreed over whether he was in absolute control of the complex as prosecutors allege. Nada Markovski, a stenographer who wrote up detainees statements, said she had always assumed defendant Zeljko Mejakic was in charge of the Omarska camp and the security within it. Her testimony chimed with the indictment, in which prosecutors accuse Mejakic and three other men of committing crimes against humanity and murders at this camp in northern Bosnia in 1992. According to the indictment, Mejakic was chief of security and controlled the lives of 3,000 civilian detainees held there, primarily Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats. Markovski said Simo Drljaca, commander of the Prijedor police department, stationed her at Omarska in order to type statements gathered from detainees. Drljaca was killed in July 1997 when resisting arrest by international forces. According to Markovski, she never saw any beatings of detainees, however sometimes I could hear screams, and sometimes I saw people with bruises. Zeljko Grabovica, a former reserve police officer who worked with army interrogators at the Omarska camp, also described the awful conditions in the camp. Grabovica claimed he was drafted as a reserve police officer before the war, and worked in the Omarska police station. He said that he didnt know who the station commander was but that he took orders from the active police officers like Mejakic and Miroslav Kvocka". In November 2001, Kvocka was sentenced by the Hague tribunal to seven years imprisonment for his role as Omarska camp security commander. What I would do was, I would get a piece of paper from the investigators I was assigned to help, and then I would go to the rooms where the detainees were held and try to find the person on the paper, explained Grabovica. The state of the camp and the detainees was very hard. The weather was hot and the smell was terrible. I dont know what the food was like, because I ate with the investigators but I assume it wasnt good and that the people were hungry, he said. According to the witness, the police never got involved in the questioning of detainees, and were never involved in beatings of detainees. The two investigators I worked with never hurt detainees, sometimes I would sit in the room while they interrogated one of them. However, behind the other closed doors I could hear moans and screams. Sometimes they would bring a person out who was beaten so badly that he could barely walk, said Grabovica. Grabovica testified that he saw Mejakic inside the camp often, talking to security, but said he had never heard of Momcilo Gruban, a fellow defendant. When asked if he knew what positions the defendants held inside the camp, the witness claimed that after he started working with the investigators he stopped working with the police, and didnt know anything about them. But former Omarska police officer Radovan Kecan was adamant that Mejakic was not the commander of the Omarska police department. All decisions regarding the camp, he said, went through the Prijedor police station and Simo Drljaca. Mirko Kobas, a medical technician who was assigned to the camp in order to help detainees, said that the conditions in the rooms where detainees were held were appalling, and they smelled horrible because of the high temperatures. He claimed that he was ordered to go to the camp by Drljaca because the detainees had problems with infections. When we entered the camp, everything was quiet, and the rooms smelled bad. We saw dirty and hairy men held in them, recalled Kobas. According to the witness, detainees were given only sporadic medical assistance because we were ordered only to clean the rooms. Pero Rendic was a worker in the camp kitchens and also described the dreadful conditions prevalent at Omarska. When entering the courtroom, he waved to the defendants, but the judges refused his request to shake their hands. According to him, the detainees received one meal per day, but the bread had to be divided into eight parts because there wasnt enough. Rendic also claimed that there were a lot of supplies in the kitchen at the beginning, but they melted away because we were making such large meals. The quality of the food could not be improved because there were no new supplies. The indictment alleges Mejakic, along with the three other men, took part in the mistreatment and persecution of non-Serbs in the Prijedor municipality confined at the Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje camps in 1992. The detainees were allegedly held in inhumane conditions and subjected to sexual, physical and psychological torture. According to the indictment, Gruban and Dusan Fustar are charged as commanders of guard shifts at the Omarska and Keraterm camps respectively. The hearing will continue on February 27 when Mejakics defence will present its final two witnesses. After which the other defendants will be able to start their defence. Denis Dzidic is an IWPR reporter in Sarajevo. CROATIAN POLICE DENY FORCING CONFESSIONS IN GLAVAS CASE A witness says allegations of brutal methods being used during interrogation of two defendants were notorious lie. By Goran Jungvirth in Zagreb Croatian policemen took the stand this week to deny having forced defendants in a Zagreb war crimes trial to incriminate themselves. Defendants Gordana Getos-Magdic and Zdravko Dragic have both complained that police pressurised them into confessing that they were involved in the murder of Serb civilians. Along with five other Croatians, including powerful politician Branimir Glavas, Getos-Magdic and Dragic now say they did not take part in the murder of any civilians during the 1991-5 war of independence. Judge Zeljko Horvatovic read out a part of Getos-Magdics statement in which she accused the police of brutality, but the allegations were strongly denied by policeman Antonijo Gerovac. It is a notorious lie that during the investigation of the third defendant (Getos-Magdic) cruel, brutal and monstrous methods were used, said Gerovac. He added that the interrogation was conducted according to the law and without any coercion. As his colleague Zeljko Mikulic explained, Getos-Magdic came to the police acting arrogantly, and initially refused to cooperate. That contact with her lasted about a couple of hours when Mrs Getos said that she didnt want to state anything, at least not in a formal way, because she was afraid for her life and the life of her family, said Gerovac. However, the next day she changed her mind and decided to give a statement. Gerovac was not sure what had prompted her to think again. Then, interrogation began with prosecutor Zeljko Krpan attending as well as a recording secretary. Because it lasted for hours we paused whenever someone requested it and everything passed without problems, he said. He added that, after giving a statement, Getos-Magdic and her lawyer read it and carefully looked at the record before signing it. Gerovac said no one had any objections. According to prosecutors, the seven defendants killed Serbs in two separate incidents - the so-called sellotape and garage cases - now united into a single indictment. In the garage case so called because it took place in the garage of a municipal building in the town of Osijek civilians were tortured and, in one case, forced to drink battery acid. In the other case, civilians mouths were covered in sticky tape before they were shot and thrown into the River Drava. The trial was due to continue all week, but was adjourned because defendant Mirko Sivic was unwell. An expert witness was due to give evidence about handwriting, but lawyers decided not to call him to the stand. Sivics attorney asked for a medical expert to determine if his client is fit to take part in the trial, which is scheduled to continue next week. Meanwhile, Glavas appeared in parliament, to which he was re-elected to in November. The new assembly lifted his immunity in order to continue the trial against him but allowed him to remain at liberty. Glavas has also continued his battle with the Croatian weekly Feral. Drago Hedl, editor of Feral and an IWPR contributor, was the first journalist to write about war crimes against Serb civilians in Osijek. The latest controversy appeared last week when Feral published what it said was the text of a threatening letter sent to Hedl, under the headline Glavas Threats. Glavas attorneys, who denied their client was connected to the letter, announced they would sue Feral for a million kuna (around 137,000 euro). Feral, which says the case is an attempt to intimidate the media, announced this week it would contact the European Commission and all international bodies and warn them about the scandalous course of the trial of Branimir Glavas and the shameful events which have accompanied it. It is unprecedented in Europe for a defendant in a serious war crimes case to defend himself without any restriction on his movements, said a Feral editorial on February 21. Goran Jungvirth is an IWPR reporter in Zagreb. WITNESS BLAMES NATO FOR KOSOVO EXODUS Serbian official claims Albanians fled Kosovo due to NATO bombing, but admits Serb forces committed crimes there. By Simon Jennings in The Hague A Serbian official this week told the war crimes trial of some of the countrys former leaders that NATO bombing, not the army, forced Albanians to flee Kosovo. According to Dusan Gavranic, a former chief of the Secretariat of the Interior, SUP, in the eastern Kosovo municipality of Gnjilane, the bombing campaign was the main reason why civilians fled their villages near the town in 1999. The reasons were always the same. They were afraid of the bombing because the bombing was incessant When residents noticed that the army was moving in the vicinity of their village they would leave because they knew the army was the target, Gavranic told the tribunal. Gavranic was giving evidence in defence of the former head of Kosovo police, Lieutenant General Sreten Lukic, who faces charges of committing war crimes as one of the Kosovo Six defendants, who include former Serbian prime minister Milan Milutinovic; former Yugoslav deputy prime minister Nikola Sainovic; ex-chief of staff of the Yugoslav army Dragoljub Ojdanic; and ex-Yugoslav army commanders Nebojsa Pavkovic and Vladimir Lazarevic. They are accused of orchestrating the killing of hundreds of Kosovo Albanians as well as the forced deportation of 800,000 people from the region during 1998 and 1999. The indictment against Lukic alleges that as chief of staff for the Serbian ministry of internal affairs in Kosovo, MUP, he promoted, instigated, facilitated, encouraged and/or condoned the perpetration of crimes between May 1998 and June 1999. Gavranic described to the court how residents abandoned the village of Prilepnica near Gnjilane in April 1999. The prosecution alleges that Serbian forces entered the town of Prilepnica on or about 6 April 1999, and ordered residents to leave. The townspeople left and tried to go to another village but forces of the FRY [Federal Republic of Yugoslavia] and Serbia turned them back. But Gavranic said that this was not the case, telling the court he did not find anyone who had ordered people to leave. Talking to the officers I wasnt able to establish that anyone had told these residents to move out, he told the court. We did not have any information indicating that anybody who we had managed to contact in the army of Yugoslavia had ordered them or told them anything of this nature. Gavranic went on to explain how, having been sent back, the residents were on the move again a week later, driven out by NATO bombing. According to the witness, the villagers fled towards Macedonia as part of a huge column of people. The timeframe of the successive flights from the village of Prilepnica described by Gavranic matched that of the indictment, but the root cause of them did not. In his cross-examination, the prosecutor challenged Gavranic on his assertion that the Serb officials had not ordered the evacuation. The prosecutor cited contradictory evidence from the village imam, Abdulhaqim Shaqiri, who testified as a prosecution witness in September 2006. But Gavranic said he had made thorough checks. I told you we could not establish who it was who had given them such an order All of the consultations we conducted then on 6th [April] when they returned indicated that none of the officers in the army whom I knew had any idea who could have done that, he said. Gavranic then described how civilians from other villages in the region also fled during April 1999. According to him, residents of the village of Srebnice started heading towards the Albanian-dominated area of Vranje on April 6 when fire engulfed the entire village. According to the indictment, throughout the entire municipality of Gnjlane forces of the FRY and Serbia systematically burned and destroyed houses, shops, cultural monuments and religious sites belonging to Kosovo Albanians. But when asked what caused the fire that forced residents to leave the village, Gavranic replied, The bombing, the bombing did, the forest was on fire. While insistent that it was the NATO bombing and not acts of arson or demands for evacuation that led villagers to leave, the witness did tell the court about 184 crimes - including murder, robbery and arson - committed by Serbian forces in the area under his control during this period. He said that these crimes were investigated as all regular [police] work continued and that the legal three-day detention limit during investigations was extended to 30 days. Gavranic then testified as to the conscientiousness of the police in the region at the time. Worried that the refugees would be attacked by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army on their way to the Macedonian border, he said he organised a patrol of three or four policemen to lead the column. When people saw that police were there, nobody attacked, he said. However, the imam, Shaqiri, testified that he was attacked as the column made its way to the border. When asked by the judge to clarify the positioning of the policemen, Gavranic confirmed they were only at the head of the column which contained several thousand people. The defence counsel for Sainovic then put some questions to the witness. Sainovic was deputy prime minister of Yugoslavia at this time and faces charges of participating in a joint criminal enterprise, which included exercising authority over the interior ministry. Prosecutors alleged that he enlisted volunteers with a history of allegations of involvement in serious crimes against civilians in other conflicts, including in Kosovo in 1998. Asked by the defence counsel if Sainovic asked him for reports or if the Yugoslavian government had any power over the Serbian interior ministry, the witness denied this was the case. He also denied seeing any sort of document ordering joint command during 1999 in Kosovo. I . never saw a single document that had that kind of heading, joint command or anything like that, he said. Simon Jennings is an IWPR reporter in The Hague. ACQUITTAL MOTION FOR HERCEG-BOSNA DEFENDANTS DECLINED The defence teams of six Bosnian Croat officials will have a case to answer after all. By Simon Jennings in The Hague Judges in the war crimes trial of six former Bosnian Croat leaders this week dismissed defence motions for their early acquittal, leaving their respective defence counsels a full set of charges to answer. The prosecution finished its case against the men last month and, as tribunal rules allow, defence lawyers asked for the dismissal of all charges they considered unproven. Jadranko Prlic, Bruno Stojic, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petkovic, Valentin Coric and Berislav Pusic are charged with gross violations of the Geneva conventions and committing crimes against humanity against the Bosniak population during the 1992-95 Bosnian war. It is also alleged they attacked, mistreated and expelled women and children as they sought to establish Herceg-Bosna, a self-proclaimed Croat entity, as a statelet within Bosnia. In delivering its decision, the trial chamber ruled that enough evidence had been presented to suggest the case might end in a conviction. The defence teams must now challenge the prosecutions version of events. Explaining the courts decision, Judge Jean-Claude Antonetti started with the charge that the men conspired to permanently remove and ethnically cleanse Bosnian Muslims and other non-Croats who lived in areas on the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina which were claimed to be part of Herceg Bosna, and to join these areas as part of a Greater Croatia. Judge Antonetti said numerous witnesses had testified that Croatian Defence Council policy was to implement its plan in a way that would require the removal of Muslims and other non-Croats from Herceg-Bosna. He ruled that the trial chamber might conclude that acts of persecution, imprisonment, detention, rape and forcible transfer were part of a plan intended to drive Muslims out of the entity. Judge Antonetti then addressed the motions of lawyers for Coric and Pusic directly as they had called for their acquittal on all 26 counts of the indictment. Discussing Corics case, he cited reports showing Coric issued orders to establish prison camps such as Heliodrom [and] was also involved in other detention facilities and in the transfer of detainees from one unit to another. According to the charges, the Herceg-Bosna authorities established, supported and operated a system of ill-treatment, involving a network of prisons, concentration camps and other detention facilities to arrest, detain and imprison thousands of Bosnian Muslims. Judge Antonetti further drew on evidence given by a former employee at one detention centre. According to this witness, Coric played a role in the decision to release Muslim detainees and transport them to a third country. In calling for his acquittal, Corics defence council focused specifically on the charge of rape. But the trial chamber dismissed this motion, citing evidence indicating that military police members committed rape and other crimes during the summer of 1993. A trial chamber could find that Coric shared the purpose of deporting Muslims and that he participated in a joint criminal enterprise by using military police for criminal purposes or passively by failing to protect the Muslim population, said Antonetti. Turning to the charges against Pusic, the judge again dismissed all motions for acquittal. Witnesses say that Pusic was the deputy of Coric and played a major part in overseeing detention facilities, he said. The judge referred again to the testimony of the former detention centre employee who said that prisoners were sent to do forced labour on the front lines. The judge recalled the witness words that there never was any reaction to several warnings he had sent regarding how dangerous the work was. Having dismissed all grounds for acquittal at this halfway stage in proceedings, the trial chamber granted provisional release to five of the accused. However the prosecution immediately appealed the decision, arguing that the chambers dismissal of all motions for acquittal had increased the risk that the accused may abscond. Subject to the appeal, Prlic, Stojic, Praljak, Petkovic and Coric were given liberty to return to Croatia until the trial recommences on May 4. Pusics request for provisional release has not yet been considered as he has not attended court recently for health reasons. The Croatian government has pledged to provide the required level of security if provisional release is granted. Simon Jennings is an IWPR reporter in The Hague. BRIEFLY NOTED: EXTRA JUDGES TO MEET HEAVY WORKLOAD Tribunal shortly able to hear up to eight cases simultaneously - highest number since its established. By Simon Jennings in The Hague The United Nations Security Council this week approved the appointment of four additional temporary judges at the Hague tribunal. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon was authorised to assign the judges to help the court meet its target of trying all accused by the end of 2008. The resolution stated that the extra judges would help to conduct additional trials as soon as possible in order to meet completion strategy objectives. The tribunal currently employs 16 permanent judges elected by the UN General Assembly as well as an additional 12 temporary judges. The new appointments, themselves a temporary measure, will take the total number of extra judges to 16. But from the beginning of 2009 this number must return to a maximum of 12. "With the approval of this resolution, the tribunal will be able to increase its level of productivity, hearing up to eight cases simultaneously, the highest number since its establishment," the tribunal said in a statement. The completion strategy of the tribunal dictates that all trials be completed by the end of this year, with all appeals procedures tied up before the courts scheduled closure in 2010. However, an exact timeframe remains in the balance as the two men most wanted in the Hague remain at large. Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his military commander Ratko Mladic are both charged by the tribunal with orchestrating the 1995 genocide in Srebrenica which led to the death of 8,000 Muslim men and boys. While some trials are also being relocated to regional courts in the Balkans, cases scheduled to be heard in The Hague, such as that of former Croatian general Ante Gotovina, have yet to start. Simon Jennings is an IWPR reporter in The Hague. **** www.iwpr.net ******************************************************************** TRIBUNAL UPDATE, the publication arm of IWPR's International Justice Project, produced since 1996, details the events and issues at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, ICTY, at The Hague. These weekly reports, produced by IWPR's human rights and media training project, seek to contribute to regional and international understanding of the war crimes prosecution process. The opinions expressed in Tribunal Update are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the publication or of IWPR. Tribunal Update is supported by the European Commission, the Dutch Ministry for Development and Cooperation, the Swedish International Development and Cooperation Agency, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and other funders. IWPR also acknowledges general support from the Ford Foundation. TRIBUNAL UPDATE: Editor-in-Chief: Anthony Borden; Managing Editor: Yigal Chazan; Senior Editor: John MacLeod; Project Manager: Merdijana Sadovic; Translation: Predrag Brebanovic, and others. w: Executive Director: Anthony Borden; Strategy & Assessment Director: Alan Davis; Chief Programme Officer: Mike Day. **** www.iwpr.net ******************************************************************** IWPR builds democracy at the frontlines of conflict and change through the power of professional journalism. IWPR programs provide intensive hands-on training, extensive reporting and publishing, and ambitious initiatives to build the capacity of local media. Supporting peace-building, development and the rule of law, IWPR gives responsible local media a voice. Institute for War & Peace Reporting 48 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8LT, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7831 1030 Fax: +44 (0)20 7831 1050 For further details on this project and other information services and media programmes, go to: www.iwpr.net ISSN 1477-7940 Copyright © 2008 The Institute for War & Peace Reporting **** www.iwpr.net ******************************************************************** If you wish to change your subscription details or unsubscribe please go to: http://www.iwpr.net/index.php?apc_state=henh&s=s&m=p
