Well, if you want to install Icedove I'd suggest you install gdebi first:
$ sudo apt-get install gdebi
Then, try to download Icedove from debian's repos, try "Jessie" or "Wheezy":
https://packages.debian.org/jessie/icedove
Afterwards, cd to the "Download" directory and use "Gedbi" to install:
$ sudo gdebi icedove_31.0-3_i386.deb
If this doesn't work, try with other version inside debian.
If you are desparate, go to Ubuntu's repos and repeat tha same for
Thunderbird.
http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/mail/
Don't forget to install the locale package you need.
