Hmm,
that worked for me just nice.

root@b:~# apt install sasl2-bin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  db-util db5.3-util
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  db-util db5.3-util sasl2-bin
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 83 not upgraded.
Need to get 173 kB of archives.
After this operation, 680 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 db5.3-util 
amd64 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1 [65.5 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 db-util all 
1:5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2 [2718 B]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 sasl2-bin 
amd64 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2.1 [105 kB]
Fetched 173 kB in 0s (931 kB/s)   
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package db5.3-util.
(Reading database ... 42814 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../db5.3-util_5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking db5.3-util (5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package db-util.
Preparing to unpack .../db-util_1%3a5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking db-util (1:5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package sasl2-bin.
Preparing to unpack .../sasl2-bin_2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb 
...
Unpacking sasl2-bin (2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up db5.3-util (5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up db-util (1:5.3.21~exp1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up sasl2-bin (2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-21) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.38) ..

Considering the versions you reported I see no such hard dependencies:

$ apt-cache show sasl2-bin | grep Depe
Depends: db-util, libsasl2-2 (>= 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2.1), lsb-base 
(>= 3.0-6), debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, libc6 (>= 2.15), libdb5.3, 
libkrb5-3 (>= 1.13~alpha1+dfsg), libldap-2.4-2 (>= 2.4.7), libpam0g (>= 
0.99.7.1), libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0)
Depends: db-util, libsasl2-2 (>= 2.1.27~101-g0780600+dfsg-3ubuntu2), lsb-base 
(>= 3.0-6), debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, libc6 (>= 2.15), libdb5.3, 
libkrb5-3 (>= 1.13~alpha1+dfsg), libldap-2.4-2 (>= 2.4.7), libpam0g (>= 
0.99.7.1), libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0)
[✓]─[paelzer@Keschdeichel ~]──[119758]──[11:12 Fr Mär 06]──

$ apt-cache show db-util | grep Depe
Depends: db5.3-util

root@b:~# apt-cache show db5.3-util | grep Depen
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libdb5.3 (= 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1)

And that makes sense it is fine to depend on the new version of
libdb5.3.

The older version of db5.3-util depended on 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.
It seems you wanted to install that:

Can you compare the following with your system:
root@b:~# apt-cache policy db5.3-util
db5.3-util:
  Installed: 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1
  Candidate: 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1
  Version table:
 *** 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1.1 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 
Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages

If there is a reason why db5.3-util is held back on the old version then
that seems like a local config error you have to resolve.

Please report what you find checking that.
If there is a question left the following will help to understand your case.
Please provide that on the bug ...

$ for i in  sasl2-bin db-util libdb5.3; do apt-cache show $i; apt-cache
policy $i; done

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1866264

Title:
  incorrect dependancy requirement for sasl2-bin

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