Thanks for catching that, both points are fair.

On pam_unix, you're right that it doesn't hard-fail on a missing shadow
entry, it treats missing aging data as nothing to check rather than a
denial. I'd assumed the account phase failure came from that fallthrough
without confirming pam_unix's own actual return value, that was an
inference, not something I traced directly.

On systemd-user, I only checked /etc/pam.d/systemd-user and didn't check
/usr/lib/pam.d/systemd-user, so the "doesn't exist" claim is wrong, my
mistake.

What I can say for certain from the logs on this specific machine,
unix_chkpwd reported "could not obtain user info (gdm-greeter)" at the
point of failure, so NSS resolution for that dynamic account genuinely
wasn't working here, whatever the underlying reason. This machine had
been through a Timeshift restore and a fairly involved dpkg and kernel
recovery earlier the same session, so I think something in this
particular system's nss-systemd or dbus state was more likely left
inconsistent by that, rather than this being a universal 26.04 issue on
a clean install. The account-line replacement worked around the symptom,
but I can't point to a confirmed root cause for why the NSS lookup
itself was failing here. Apologies for stating the mechanism more
confidently than the evidence supported.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2167510

Title:
  GDM login screen never appears after upgrading to 26.04, gdm-greeter
  dynamic user rejected by pam_unix account check

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