From: "Allen Haaheim" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > Phillippe, > Sorry to reopen a (closed?) case. The below look like loose ends to me.
I thought it was closed too. Well I can reply, but I will just give my opinion after reading translations to Japanese performed by other people, and hearing their comments. > >For Japanese people, they consider this sign as a separate vowel whose > >phonetic value depends on the phonetic value of the previous character > >(which may have a point or double-point diacritic, for the voice mark used > >to alter the consonnant value of the base character). This is proably why > >the transliteration of this character to Latin generally doubles the > >previous Latin vowel. > > "Separate" doesn't seem right. In my understanding it's an "extender" (as > Andrew notes) of the final vowel sound of the previous kana (so mentioning > diacritics, which affect only the initial consonant, is irrelevant). To be > more exact, it doubles the length of the vowel final. The term "separate" comes from the fact that it can be used in some cases after some non-Hiragana and non-Katakana characters, for example after imported Latin-written words. It's difficult to imagine that this sound mark can be considered as an extender of a Latin letter, to which it does not apply really. > >However, this character is not strictly a diacritic, as there is some uses > >of the character (according to grammatical rules) after a punctuation sign > >used to separate it from an imported foreign word (most often a proper > >name), sometimes written with another script. I have no sample to give you immediately, but I saw it in translations to Japanese I gave to some Japanese native, which used the sound mark after imported names (that were not transliterated to Hiragana or Katakana). As I noted whever there should not be a space between the imported name and the rest of the Japanese text, the translator explained to me that this was a common use for imported names that were best written without being transliterated, such as trademarks or company names. Well I must admit that I am sometimes surprised about the way some language can alter the termination of a trademark or a physical person name according to somem common grammatical rules that are probably valid for names used in the corresponding countries, but look ugly for imported names, as this creates sometimes conflicts with distinct foreign trademarks or foreign people. I can't verify if they are correctly interpreting a national grammatical rule. Each time in that case, I try to suggest to use a less litteral translation that would be grammatically correct but that would respect, if possible the original name (which should be given at least once with its original unique and normally invariable orthograph). For the case of a prolonged sound mark after a Latin letter, I don't know how to classify this usage, but my translator persisted to say it was correct, and refused to insert a space before it (and he was probably right if it's effectively interpreted as an extender of the last vowel, even if it's a latin vowel... My only knowledge of Japanese is limited to perform some dictionnary checks to verify the content of a translation, and check its encoding, or allowing exchanges with translators. But I cannot read it "in the text"... If you have a better knowledge of Japanese than me, I won't try to convince you of anything, as my interpretation may simply use inaccurate terms for your point of view. But if you are not a Japanese native, your scholar studies of the Japanese language may have ignored some local usages that native Japanese writters (or translators) accept and use quite commonly. Only a Japanese native could reply to explain if that usage is just abusive and considered incorrect, or if it's common.
