Using a variety of tutorials I found online and the documentation for 
o.a.c.startup.Tomcat, I created the following main method to start up an 
embedded Tomcat. I'm using 7.0.37 Tomcat JARs.

    public static void main(String... arguments) throws Exception
    {
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        tomcat.setBaseDir(".basedir");
        tomcat.setPort(8973);
        tomcat.enableNaming();
        tomcat.init();
        tomcat.start();

        System.out.println("X: " + 
tomcat.getConnector().getService().getContainer());

        tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

The System.out.println is for debugging purposes, because I'm getting a 
NullPointerException. Obviously I'm doing something wrong, because about an 
hour of Googling turned up precisely zero results of anyone who's getting a 
NullPointerException in MapperListener#findDefaultHost. For some reason, it 
looks like a Container is never created. What gives? Here's the full output of 
running the JAR file:

Mar 14, 2013 2:39:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8973"]
Mar 14, 2013 2:39:04 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Tomcat
Mar 14, 2013 2:39:04 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8973"]
Mar 14, 2013 2:39:04 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
SEVERE: Failed to start connector [Connector[HTTP/1.1-8973]]
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component 
[Connector[HTTP/1.1-8973]]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
        at 
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:459)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
        at 
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:732)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:335)
        at com.ul.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:15)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component 
[org.apache.catalina.connector.MapperListener@768debd]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
        at 
org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:1022)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
        ... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
        at 
org.apache.catalina.connector.MapperListener.findDefaultHost(MapperListener.java:252)
        at 
org.apache.catalina.connector.MapperListener.startInternal(MapperListener.java:104)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
        ... 8 more

X: null
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