FTL Triad Quantum Communication Method A method of communication is proposed here that uses the instantaneous teleportation of quantum state of entangled photons to communicate a signal faster than light speed. The method depends on the fact that when the polarization state of one member of an entangled pair of photons is determined, i.e. measured, the conjugate photon will then be measured in the conjugate state. Further, the method requires the use of Bell's inequality as he applied it to observations in 3 axes of spin, but modified here in application to examine polarization in three independent photon channels instead.
The method consists of the following: A. Three communication bundles are utilized by a sender (Alice) which she can use to can reliably send to a receiver (Bob) one photon through each bundle in each time slice. Alice thus sends a triad of photons in each time slice. If more than one photon is sent in a given bundle in a given time slice we can assume here that the additional photons are simply ignored. Each communication bundle consist of a local and communication channel which utilize the following steps: 1. An entangled photon generator creates two channels of unpolarized yet entangled photons: the local channel and the communication channel. The photons in the communication channel are conjugates of their entangled counterparts in the local channel. The polarization direction of conjugate pairs, once eventually determined, is always mutually orthogonal. 2. A delay is provided in the local channel by use of a fiber delay loop or other delaying mechanism such that a communication signal is only imposed upon the local channel photons by Alice at about the time of but either slightly before or slightly after receipt of the paired communication channel photons by Bob at the destination. The local channel is assumed to be located entirely at the transmitting site, in close proximity to Alice. Alternatively the entangled photon generator can be located at the half-way point between sender and receiver, Alice and Bob, and beam one channel to each. Alice then must be located so as to be able to chose to receive local channel photons either before or after Bob receives the corresponding communication channel photons. 3. Photons in the local channel, after sufficient delay, are routed by Alice through one of two paths, the long path or the short path. This switching can be achieved using a fast electromechanical mirror or other means. In the short path the photons are routed through a horizontal filter H1 and then a vertical filter V1 at a time *before* the corresponding entangled photon is received by Bob. In the long path the photons are routed through a horizontal filter H2 and then a vertical filter V2 at a time *after* the corresponding entangled photon is received by Bob. 4. Photons in the communication channel are passed through a vertical polarized filter V3 at Bob's location and the remaining signal detected. (Alternatively a horizontal filter could be used by Bob or Bob can separate the communication channel beam into horizontal and vertically polarized components using a calcite crystal and measure the comparative brightness of the two.) 5. The timing of switching between the long and short paths of the local channel is manipulated by Alice so as to send meaningful messages to Bob. B. The use of three communication bundles by Alice to send a triad of photons in each time slice is analogous to Alain Apsect's famous experiment using the three axes of spin. Each time slice plus a horizontal or vertical polarization detection is equivalent to a spin orientation detection in one of three axes of spin. There are various ways to achieve this analogous three channel triad approach so as to invoke Bell's inequality. The important concept is that three independent photons are sent (roughly) simultaneously, as a triad, through the three bundles available to Alice in each time slice. In the short path every local path photon is in effect measured by Alice as being either horizontally or vertically polarized, and with a 0.5 probability of being either. Half the photons are absorbed by H1 and thus measured as horizontal, and the remaining half are absorbed by V1 and thus measured as vertical. In a given bundle, Bob should detect 50/50 polarization on his end when Alice is directing the local photons through the short path. In the long path every local path photon is in effect measured by Alice as being either horizontally or vertically polarized, and with a 0.5 probability of being either, but the direction is actually set by Bob measuring on his end. In effect Bob is the sender when Alice directs her triads down the long path. Still, half the photons are absorbed by H2 and thus measured as horizontal, and the remaining half are absorbed by V2 and thus measured as vertical. In a given bundle, Bob should still detect 50/50 polarization on his end when Alice is directing the local photons through the long path. It would seem there is no means of communicating a message from Alice to Bob. However, using Bell's inequality, it is the main point here that it appears there is. Assume Alice always switches all the three bundles to either a long or short path simultaneously. If Alice switches to the long path, then Bob must receive exactly a 50/50 vertical and horizontal mix, no matter what bundle he samples. Similarly, suppose Bob chooses at random a bundle to measure the polarization of a photon from a time slice, and then chooses at random again, in the next time slice, any of the three bundles to measure the photon polarization. Bell shows that if there are no hidden variables, Bob will have a 50/50 chance of a polarization match, and thus there is no apparent way for a message to be sent. Bob experiences no hidden variables. However, suppose Alice has sent her three bundles, her triad of photons, down the short path. Alice then sets the polarization orientation of every pair, not Bob. Bob merely detects the results of Alice's operations. Alice has in effect, by beating Bob to the act of measurement, built in hidden variables. She has programmed the triad. Bob must then detect a match more than 50 percent of the time. In fact he should detect a match about 2/3 of the time. To detect a bit of information, Bob need only sample long enough, enough time slices, to determine whether he is sampling from a 1:1 distribution or a 1:2 distribution. Since the time slices can be orders of magnitude shorter in comparison to the transit time from Alice to Bob at the speed of light, faster than light speed (FTL) communication is possible with a high data reliability. Alice and Bob might agree to send 100 time slices per data bit, for example, and further use well known error correction schemes in order to achieve very reliable communications. An experiment requiring the simplest possible message would involve sending a data bit (actually only a change of state) via a one-way FTL communication bundle set and returning it via a second one-way return FTL communication bundle set, and repeating this process to establish an oscillation. To demonstrate FTL communication it is then necessary to transmit over a sufficient distance D that the oscillation frequency, f, is faster than the oscillation frequency F = c/D that can be achieved by light. A 10 km communication link (each way) need only cycle faster than about 15 kHz to break the light speed barrier. If the proposed communication method works, special and general relativity presently may stand on shaky philosophical grounds. It is of special interest to relativists the conditions required to achieve the communication, namely that Alice must be able to receive local channel photons both before and after Bob receives the corresponding conjugates. Alice must be able to control the local channel delay, and this is not necessarily possible in a useful way if Alice and Bob are in relative motion. Regards, Horace Heffner
