"Super abundant vacancies" is a catch-phase which one see a lot these days. These occur in many transition period metals such as palladium, iron, nickel, titanium and so on. Under ordinary laboratory conditions super abundant vacancies have been proven to form easier when metals are deposited electrolytically instead of being cold-worked or forged (ala Miles work). There are disagreements about how many deuterium atoms can fit in such a vacancy (about 10 cubic-angstroms).
The classic and still valid opinion on how many fit into an active vacancy IMHO is 6 D atoms (Nordlander - Phys. Rev. B. 40, 1990). The only thing Nordlander got wrong was the *minimum* spacing. Side Note: In regard to the Iwamura paper and others where 12 nucleons seem to be "in-play" which is 3 alphas or six D atoms, which could be the equivalent of one carbon - this opinion makes a lot of sense, but cannot be generalized to cover other kinds of CF reactions.
It is accepted in the mainstream that if two deuterons are forced within 0.1 angstrom (1 pm) the fusion rate would be the equivalent about one million per sec per mole (Cottingham, http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0954-3899/15/8/003
It is also known that that three-body boson interactions can have considerably longer range than two-body boson interactions, and presumably this reaction rate goes up with the number of bound nucleons, even without a BEC-like condensation. Deuterium-filled super-abundant vacancies like this would, of course, open up the reality of multi-body fusion, as has been suggested by Takahashi of Osaka University. But something has been missing in these models.
How does one envision the collapse of the vacancy in which 6 D atoms are held from about 10 cubic-angstroms down to about 2 cubic-angstroms? The super abundant vacancy hypothesis (together with the multi-body fusion hypothesis) needs one further bit of help which can be supplied by a previously mentioned idea about the overlap of sonofusion with normal CF. This dynamic mechanism also benefits from the decided advantage of *spherical convergence* in condensed matter and the proven kinetics of "excitons."
Many of your posts are very interesting. This one too.
The vacancies of current interest to me are Frenkel defects,
and they can also be induced by high dose rate irradiation, as we have shown for years.
There is an article which is pending or just out in Hal Fox's J. New Energy showing
evidence of "lattice quakes" as the early large number of Frenkel defects collapse in some of
our samples.
You are right about the importance of filling and should also include the fact that loaded palladium can
undergo catastrophic desaturation of the deuterons leading to flow which can augment
both the microscopic and, in some systems like the Phusor ICCF10 Demo, the macroscopic
flow. Add in the interactions of polarons, Jahn-Teller changes, Anderson focusing,
and some other semiconductor and coherent effects and I suspect that it appears
that although the such vacancy populations are speculative, they might even
be, paroxysmally, higher.
Dr. Mitchell Swartz
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Refs of catastrophic desorption:
Swartz, M., "Hydrogen Redistribution by Catastrophic
Desorption in Select Transition Metals", Journal of New Energy, 1, 4, 26-33, (1997).
Swartz. M., "Catastrophic Active Medium Hypothesis of Cold Fusion" Vol. 4.
"Proceedings: "Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion"
sponsored by EPRI and the Office of Naval Research (1994) .
Refs and Deuteron flow shown here http://world.std.com/~mica/jet.html
and discussed here:
Swartz. M., G. Verner, "Excess Heat from Low Electrical Conductivity
Heavy Water Spiral-Wound Pd/D2O/Pt and Pd/D2O-PdCl2/Pt Devices" - ICCF-10
and here Swartz. M., "Can a Pd/D2O/Pt Device be Made Portable to
Demonstrate the Optimal Operating Point?" - ICCF-10 (2003)
and shown with respect to loading here:
Swartz. M., "Dances with Protons - Ferroelectric Inscriptions in Water/Ice
Relevant to Cold Fusion and Some Energy Systems", Infinite Energy, 44, (2002)
and here:
Swartz, M., "Isotopic Fuel Loading Coupled to Reactions at an Electrode",
Fusion Technology, 26, 4T, 74-77 (December 1994)
Swartz, M., "Quasi-One-Dimensional Model of Electrochemical Loading of
Isotopic Fuel into a Metal", Fusion Technology, 296-300 (1992).
