Let the semantics of the theorists begin…. Arrgggh. That in this complex environment the atom ecology and resulting behaviours including fusion is more complex than can be semantically dumbed down to one moniker is what is described in this paper. Theorists will always look for brain numbing debates over minutia while pioneering technologists are happy with helping hints of in what general direction one might choose to go next.
From: Axil Axil [mailto:janap...@gmail.com] Sent: Thursday, January 19, 2017 10:35 AM To: vortex-l Subject: Re: [Vo]:New paper from Holmlid. The first reaction to occure is meson production which as nothing to do with fusion: Holmlid writes: Quote The time variation of the collector signals was initially assumed to be due to time-of-flight of the ejected particles from the target to the collectors. Even the relatively low particle velocity of 10–20 MeV u-1 found with this assumption [ <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone.0169895.ref021> 21– <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone.0169895.ref023> 23] is not explainable as originating in ordinary nuclear fusion. The highest energy particles from normal D+D fusion are neutrons with 14.1 MeV and protons with 14.7 MeV [ <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone.0169895.ref057> 57]. The high-energy protons are only formed by the D + 3He reaction step, which is relatively unlikely and for example not observed in our laser-induced D+D fusion study in D(0) [ <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone.0169895.ref014> 14]. Any high-energy neutrons would not be observed in the present experiments. Thus, ordinary fusion D+D cannot give the observed particle velocities. Further, similar particle velocities are obtained also from the laser-induced processes in p(0) as seen in Figs <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone-0169895-g004> 4, <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone-0169895-g006> 6 and <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone-0169895-g007> 7 etc, where no ordinary fusion process can take place. Thus, it is apparent that the particle energy observed is derived from other nuclear processes than ordinary fusion. Like any good scientist, Holmlid has gotten over his preconception of fusion as the energy source for these sub atomic particles. In other words, the primary reaction of LENR has nothing to do with fusion or neutrons. Kaon production points to a amplified weak force decay process working to decay protons and neutrons providing a initial energy potential of a giga electron volts per reaction as all the mass of these nucleons are converted to mesons. There is a huge amount of energy consumed in meson production, and a trifling amount to heat. As a secondary reaction produced by sub atomic particles, muon and pion fusion occurs away from the primary weak force decay reaction. On Thu, Jan 19, 2017 at 1:02 PM, Jones Beene <jone...@pacbell.net <mailto:jone...@pacbell.net> > wrote: This is an extremely important paper, even if it is incremental to earlier work. There had been an open question about the necessity of deuterium, as opposed to protium - but now that is answered. Holmlid's body of work going back a decade is by far the most advanced in LENR. This is the future of the field, and it looks very much like a merger of ICF hot fusion with cold fusion. However, we must recognize that Holmlid does show both hot fusion and meson/muon production processes with Deuterium - so essentially only the proton-based reactions are non-fusion. By implication the net energy with protons is far less - and he only claims net gain with deuterium. Here is the relevant quote for that: "MeV particles are ejected by laser-induced processes in both D(0) and p(0). Also, normal D+D fusion processes giving 4He and 3He ions were shown to be initiated by a relatively weak pulsed laser [using deuterium fuel]. Laser-induced nuclear fusion in D(0) gives heat above break-even, as reported in Ref. [15 <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895#pone.0169895.ref015> ]. END = note that Holmlid does NOT say that protium does not give heat above breakeven, only that deuterium does provide it -- but the lack with protium is implied. Thus we can summarize by saying that in both cases mesons/muons are seen. But with deuterium there is also hot fusion, in addition to the mesons, and this provides the excess heat, which is not the case with protons. The 24 MeV gamma is replaced by a particle flux in the range of 20 MeV indicating that 4 deuterons fuse into 2 alphas. Sound familiar? That is reminiscent of Takahasi's tetrahedral theory. However, ordinary D+D fusion reactions only give an energy up to 3.0 MeV in the first reaction step, and up to 14.7 MeV in the second step of the reactions and this apparently avoids the 24 MeV gamma. Thus, nuclear processes take place with deuterium which are indeed a new version of hot fusion --with a new kind of multi-particle branching where gammas do not occur. The (possible) reason the proton reaction is comparatively weak despite the massive decay energy of mesons is that decay occurs so far away from the reactor that the energy cannot be captured. The particles can decay hundreds of meters away on average. Jones Axil Axil wrote: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169895 Mesons from Laser-Induced Processes in Ultra-Dense Hydrogen H(0) A new paper from Holmlid where he now deduces that LENR cannot be a fusion based reaction because the energy of the mesons produced are far to great. I respect a man that can change his mind under the weight of experimental evidence. The hydrogen nanoparticle that produces the mesons are 3 to 6 planes long.
