A yellow-green laser pulse – according to Holmlid and replicated by Olafsson in Iceland and Zeiner-Gunderson in Norway – produces a large number of muons per pulse. They have performed sophisticated measurements to ascertain this.
The photons of the laser which provides the input for the Holmlid effect have an individual mass-energy of less than one MeV. The Holmlid effect only works if there is a “target” of dense hydrogen, so somehow the interaction of coherent low energy photons with dense hydrogen performs a kind of magic. Input energy seems to be multiplied by a factor of a million to one. No one knows the exact details of how that initial laser energy is able to be multiplied to produce a massive number of muons but there could be a “backdoor” mechanism. The Holmlid effect output represents s more net gain per nucleon than nuclear fusion. One possibility to explain the situation is if “flipping the charge of protons” (conjugation) is done without brute force. That is the premise of the previous post. Specifically, by applying low energy photons to dense hydrogen, antimatter is first produced by charge conjugation - which antimatter then annihilates with matter, resulting in the subatomic debris called “quark soup” which then decays to mostly muons which are relatively long lived. Otherwise one needs brute force and a billion dollar particle accelerator in order to produce the same flux of muons which is measured by Holmlid et al. Since muon decay produces mostly neutrinos the actual useful net energy of this complete reaction is not huge, despite the large amount of mass which is involved. The best approach for achieving decent net gain is use the muons to produce “muon catalyzed fusion” before they decay. In fact, Holmlid suggest that this is already what has been happening in cold fusion – and researchers never thought to look for muons – which were there. Jones Hi Robin > In order to flip the charge, you probably need to add the difference in > energy, i.e. 2 proton masses worth, or about 2 GeV. [snip] It is very doubtful that the entire mass-energy of a proton is to be found in charge alone which is the implication of what you are saying. For instance, a neutron with no charge has about the same mass-energy as a charged proton. I suspect the energy needed to conjugate charge in the proton is about the same as the difference in mass between the neutron and proton.
