On Jul 26, 2009, at 3:22 AM, frank wrote:
Actually after rethinking the issue and getting some sleep, your
stationary
cavity makes sense now -your thrust is exerted against the "high
pressure"
gas supply you mentioned - much easier than moving the cavity.
The high pressure of the gas merely increases the flow velocity and
mass flow. The net force is the *difference* in pressure between
the top wall of the top cavity and the bottom wall of the bottom
cavity. There is no thrust exerted against the high pressure gas
supply. If the gas flow were a superflow then there would be no
energy required to run the drive at all. There is no equivalent
Lenz' Law applicable to the energy that drives the gas through the
device here. There is no drag or pressure drop in the gas flow
resulting from the net force applied. The net force results from the
change in inertial mass that is theorized, in the references I gave,
for atoms in the cavity, which results in differing centrifugal
forces on that mass which is flowing on average in a curve from the
time into the cavity until the time out. The mass flow does the same
thing in the second larger cavity, so the centrifugal force, without
a cavity induced mass change, is exactly that same in magnitude there
as in the cavity above, but downward instead of upward in the figure.
I don't know the source of your misunderstanding of the principles in
this article:
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/ZPE-CasimirThrust.pdf
Maybe if I rephrase the principles or clarify the computations.
I proposed extracting momentum from the energy and inertial mass
change, the dp/dt change, instead of the energy difference, as did
Haisch and Moddel. Both concepts have the difficulty that the energy
and inertial mass change is not experimentally verified, and thus not
quantifiable for engineering purposes. By converting mass changes in
cavity traverses to momentum gain, however, as I propose, energy is
ultimately made available by converting the dp/dt change thrust into
device momentum, especially for space propulsion. Also, if
sufficient momentum is gained with respect to drive energy input,
then such a thruster drive can be mounted on a large armature of an
electric generator in order to produce electrical energy directly.
Here is the description of the device principles: "On each transition
from thick cavity to thin cavity, the gas flow transfers momentum to
the walls due to the angular acceleration. The gas "snakes" through
the thrust cells. The momentum transferred in the thin cavities is
upward in Fig. 1. The momentum transferred in the thick cavities is
downward in Fig. 1. Since the same gas flows through all cavities in
a row, the mass flow for the cells is identical. If there is no
change of inertial mass in the thin cavities, then no net thrust
results. However, if the inertial mass of the gas molecules/atoms is
less in the thin cavities, then less momentum is transferred toward
the top of Fig. 1 by the gas when in the thin cavities, and a net
thrust develops downward in Fig. 1."
I corrected some typos in the calculation and clarified the
narrative: "If we use r=10^-5 m, and v= 10^-4 m/s, we get a
centrifugal force F = m*(V^2)/r of about 10 N/kg. The gas flows
through an orifice 10^-6m x 10^-5 m, or 10^-11 m^2. Argon is 1.784 g/
l. At 10^-4 m/s the flow rate is 10^-14 g/s = 10^-17 kg/s. With an
effective r of 10^-5 m, the mass of gas accelerating is the volume
10^-11 m^2 x 10^-5 m = 10^-16 m^3 times the density, or (10^-16 m^3)
(1.78x10^3 kg/(1000 cm^3)) (10^2 cm)^3/m^3 = 1.78x10^-10 kg. This
gives a very rough thrust per cell of about (10 N/kg)(1.78x10^-10 kg)/
2 = about 10^-9 N = 1x10^-10 kgf. Given 10^14 cells/m^3, we have
(1x10^-10 kgf)(10^14 cells/m^3) = 10^4 kg of thrust per cubic meter
of cells. However, if the inertial mass reduction is only 0.01
percent, then the thrust is only 1 kg per cubic meter of cells."
For convenience here is Fig. 1.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
| ------------------------------ ...
Repeated ->
| / \
| / Thin Cavity \
| / \
| / --> --> \
| | | |
| | --> v | Thrust
| | --> \ | |
------ ^ \ ------ |
/ ------------ v v
Gas --> / ^ | | -->
| | Cross- |
| Cavity |
Thick Cavity | Flow | Thick Cavity
| Barrier |
| | -->
Gas --> | | -->
| |
-------------------- ---------------------
|
|
Repeated -->
|
--------------------------------------------------
Entire Thrust Cell Layer Repeated
|
|
v Thrust cell layers can be
stacked into 3D arrays.
Fig. 1 - Cross Section Diagram of ZPE Thrust Cell Array
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
With sufficiently advanced nano-technology, the drive cells could
each consist of a cavity with a thin disk that rotates half in the
cavity and half out. The half of the disk inside the cavity would
experience inertial mass reduction, and thus a reduction in
centrifugal force. The actual mass changes occur at the entry and
exits from the cavity, and thus have no instantaneous effect on the
vertical centrifugal forces at that time. Any energy required or
obtained entering the cavity due to Casimir forces is offset by the
effect of opposite forces upon exiting the cavity.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
