More on the old AguaFuel concepts, Santilli's paper:
http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/9805031v1
and Nauden's old stuff:
http://jlnlabs.online.fr/bingofuel/html/aquagen.htm
As coincidence would have it, some AquaFuel "cousin" companies are or
were located in Florida. Isn't that the state from which the E-Cat
parts were shipped to Rossi? In any case I think Rossi has Florida
connections.
The Aquafuel name was purchased from Richardson:
http://aquafuelinc.com/
http://www.rexresearch.com/aquafuel/aquafuel.htm
but applied to a different process.
It might be interesting to examine the possibility of pyrolysis being
a feasible explanation for the E-Cat experiment excess energy.
The density of graphite is about 0.6 g/cm^3. Coal density is about 1
gm/cm^3, about the same as water. If coal were being pyrolyzed inside
the E-Cat its volume could be replaced with water to achieve no mass
change. Coal has an energy density of about 35,000 kJ per kg, or 35
MJ/kg, or 9.72 kWh/kg. The pyrolysis of carbon coincidentally might
help explain some of the stains inside the E-Cat.
The 6 October 2011 Rossi test provided a net of 17.7 kWh, or 63.7 MJ
of energy, according to Lewan's data:
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/Rossi6Oct2011noBias.pdf
This amounts to the pyrolysis of 63.7/35 kg = 1.82 kg of carbon,
followed by catalytic recombination to produce CO2, over a period of
about 6 hours requires about 300 g/hr, or 1/12 gram per second of
carbon. Using 12.01 as the atomic weight of C, and 43.99 for CO2,
that is (1/12 g)*43.99/12.01 = 0.305 gm of CO2 per second. At 2 g/
liter that is 0.305 g/(2 g/liter) = 0.153 liters of gas per second.
CO2 is not very soluble in boiling water, so this will come out in
the steam/water in gas form, unless sequestered in some way.
Lye could be used to sequester CO2 in a nearly closed system
releasing little or no gas. The reaction is:
2 NaOH + CO2 -> Na2CO3 + H2O
NaOH has a molecular weight of 40, so it takes 80 grams of NaOH to
sequester 44 grams of CO2. That amounts to 80/44 * 1.82 kg = 3.3 kg
of NaOH that has to be contained within the 30x30x30 cm, or 27 liter,
inner box. With a density of 2.13 g/cm^3 the NaOH requires 3300 g/
(2.13 g/cm^3) = 1.55 liters. The carbon requires 1.82 liters for a
total of 3.37 liters for fuel, leaving over 23 liters, about 87% of
the box, for other items.
Unless I made a calculation error, which is not unlikely, pyrolysis
of carbon appears to qualify as a mechanism for faking E-Cat tests of
the duration actually run, even without hydrino formation, closed ou
processes, calorimetry errors, etc. Such pyrolysis can even be run
in a closed system, provided some current is provided to sustain an
arc, which should be very feasible at the high temperatures expected
inside the 30x30x30 cm box if it contains heating elements and
ceramic thermal storage. It is notable that the original AquaFuel
experiments produced an apparent COP of around 7. If pyrolysis is an
ou process, as claimed by various people the last decade, then a
closed recycling process could of course explain Rossi's results in a
sustainable way.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
