Lou, most experiments apply no extra energy other than temperature or
electric current. We know that the level of temperature and current
used do not and cannot initiate a nuclear reaction. Something else is
important. Yes, small local variations in energy might occur, but
these are not even close to what is required to initiate a nuclear
reaction. We are discussing the LENR effect here, not whether small
variations in energy might occur in a material based on some novel
process. That subject requires a different discussion.
Even when high energy is applied on purpose, such as by using ion
bombardment, the energy required to get the observed rates is many
thousands of eV and the result is hot fusion, not cold fusion.
Consequently, we now know that energy cannot be spontaneously
concentrated enough to cause the observed rates and if it were
concentrated, the result would be only hot fusion.
People keep trying to suggest minor processes that are observed to
occur in materials under conditions that have no relationship to cold
fusion. These discussion, while interesting and I'm sure informative,
are not related to the subject at hand. If you want to understand CF,
you need to focus on what is known about CF.
We know that energy cannot spontaneously concentrate to levels
required to initiate a nuclear reaction. We know that when energy is
applied at the required level, hot fusion results, not cold fusion.
Nevertheless, modest extra energy applied to when LENR is already
occuring does increase the rate. This means the extra energy is not
required to initiate the process, but affects some aspect of the
process already in progress, such as diffusion. You need to explore
how energy might affect the process, not how it might start the process.
Ed Storms
On May 17, 2013, at 11:33 AM, pagnu...@htdconnect.com wrote:
Ed,
Don't many (most) LENR experiments use outside energy stimuli?
As far as concentration, nanostructures can concentrate currents
(see [1] ), electric fields (see Axil's many postings), or magnetic
fields (see [2]) enormously, with currents and fields available from
simple lab equipment.
How is this controversial?
How is the 2nd Law violated, or even mildly challenged?
[1] "Stability of Metal Nanowires at Ultrahigh Current Densities"
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0411058
{2] "Feynman Lectures on Physics" Vol.3, Ch.21 (p.5)
http://www.peaceone.net/basic/Feynman/V3%20Ch21.pdf
-- Lou Pagnucco
Edmund Storms wrote:
[...]
The question with cold fusion is whether energy can spontaneously
concentrate in a region to a high enough level to initiate a nuclear
reaction. Or, for example, can enough energy concentrate in an
electron to allow a neutron to form if the energetic election met a
proton? Experience and the Second Law of Thermodynamics say that
such
a process is impossible. Of course, if enough laser energy is
applied, anything might happen. However this level of energy is not
applied in most experiments that produce LENR.
I hope this issue is now clearer, James.
[...]
