Here are the main details for a proposed SPADEX experiment designed to prove that superparamagnetic hydrogen/deuterium exchange can be a persistent non-nuclear, Dirac-based (zero point) energy source for self-powered thermal systems.
This experiment intentionally does not require great skill and could work for a Science Fair with adult supervision, since the main components, including hydrogen and the commercial pressurized H gas filler, have been designed as educational science projects. Unlike the Cravens NI-Week work, the hydrogen cartridges are not destroyed. The main difficulty for most experimenters will be getting a liter of water with substantial heavy-water content. A 50/50 mix would seem to be ideal. There was a lot of free HD-water from CANDU in the eighties, which had been slightly radioactive, but isn't measurable now. (half-life of T is 12+ years). It was free at the time, but yours will probably be the highest cost item in this experiment. The HydroStiks and Hydrofill filler are available from several sources including Amazon. 4-6 Stiks will be needed http://www.amazon.com/Horizon-Fuel-Cell-Hydrostik-Cartridge/dp/B00C9NV992/ http://www.amazon.com/HYDROFILL-Desktop-Hydrogen-Refueling-Station/dp/B009NM K7I6/ A low temperature Stirling is also available from Amazon http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B006GT9JMO/ The experimental protocol is to fill 4-6 Stiks with a mix of H and D so that the exchange reaction can take place. A magnetic field must be provided, the best arrangement of which is not known but bucking mode (polar opposition) should be tried. The Stiks and magnets can be placed inside a Stainless steel Thermos which has been prewarmed to near the Néel temperature about 120 F. The Stirling is placed on top of the Thermos so that all heat from the H/D exchange reaction must go though the Stirling engine, allowing it to rotate and maintain that self-powering action ... for months, hopefully. The small delta-t of H/D exchange should be adequate for this design. As for the ultimate source of energy - magnetized protons are thought to be a gateway to the Dirac epo field at Fermi dimensions. The H/D exchange reaction allows protons to bring in negative charge from that field, to power the system. One proof of this will be to float the experiment electrically and measure the charge. There is no violation of CoE since mass-energy is brought into the system from outside. This is precisely the working hypothesis for thermal gain - which has be put forward to explain the Cravens NI-Week demo. If ... in the mean-time, Dennis proves another M.O. is applicable, then please disregard all of the above :-) _____________________________________________ This proposed experiment is based on a minority viewpoint, in the interpretation of Dennis Craven's NI-Week demonstration, which after due consideration of the past 24 years of LENR, stands out to me as the most important experiment since 1989. Your assessment may vary, but the pluses of it are: that it is simple, understated, essentially unpowered, solid state, robust, long-running, well-constructed, and the error possibilities are greatly reduced. IOW it is "elegant" to the extreme. The highest compliment that can be leveled at any breakthrough experiment in LENR is "elegance." However, I cannot really label the underlying M.O for this thermal gain as the "Cravens effect" since he is on record as favoring a nuclear explanation, so for now my version is being called the SPADEX effect for "superparamagnetic deuterium exchange"... to be explained in following postings. To backup a bit, the H/D exchange reaction is similar to a form of phase-change, and is a preferential reordering of a loaded metal matrix, where the two hydrogen isotopes play musical chairs at a rather phenomenal rate. The H/D exchange reaction can be described in the usual one-way form as chemical and conservative; or in this interpretation as a sequential thermal anomaly which is continuously being "reset" via nanomagnetism and the zero point field. The H/D exchange reaction is surprisingly energetic but is chemical - non-nuclear. So the first question is how can magnetism change the preferential ordering of a metal matrix where D has already replaced H for net chemical gain? This would be necessary if the energetic effect is to be made sequential and cumulative over time- and not a one-way affair. The second question is where does the reset energy come from. When we look at the spin, magnetic moment and NMR properties of the two isotopes, H & D - there is an enormous difference. Magnetic moment alone is triple for protons over deuterons and NMR frequency variation is even more lopsided. In short, the magnetic variation is so extreme between the two isotopes that the small preference for deuterium in the chemical exchange reaction is easily modulated (to the extent the near-field oscillates), which dynamic effect is felt more by protons than by deuterons. It can be noted that the B-field of samarium-cobalt can be .4 T at one micron, but at 10 nm spacing - the effect on protons could be significantly higher (if inverse square holds as expected). A magnetic Casimir force will provide that "free" oscillation in the context of a balance between superparamagnetism and superferromagnetism. In short, this may be the key to understanding the H/D exchange reaction as a sequential route to thermal gain in the Cravens NI-Week experiment. An actual self-powered experiment will be presented in the next post on this subject - which is open-source to the extent that anyone can order the parts and try it, thanks more to Dennis than to me. Only a self-powered experiment means anything these days, yet few design for it from the start, and AFAIK, it has not yet been achieved. Estimate of the out-of-picket cost is about one-large, as they say in Vegas or Joisey... and it is a crap-shot, but isn't all of life? Jones
<<attachment: winmail.dat>>
