Karena feminis radikal di salahkan, ada baiknya kita buka buku ttg what is
feminist radical ....
btw, kalo feminis radikal di salahkan berarti feminis yang lain "bener" dong
.. jadi gak masalah ?
salam,
Ari Condro
Radical feminism
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"Radical" (from Latin radix, radic-, root) in radical feminism is used as an
adjective meaning the root; radical feminists locate the root cause of
women's oppression in patriarchal gender relations, as opposed to legal
systems (liberal feminism) or class conflict (socialist feminism). Radical
feminism is a branch of feminism that views women's oppression (or
patriarchy) as the basic evil upon which human relationships in society are
arranged. It seeks to challenge this arrangement by rejecting standard
gender roles and male oppression. Militant feminism is a pejorative term
which is often associated (usually by detractors) with radical feminism.
Contents
[hide]
a.. 1 Radical feminist theory and ideology
b.. 2 Radical Feminist Movement
a.. 2.1 Roots of radical feminist movement
b.. 2.2 Social organisation and aims in the US and Australia
c.. 3 Radical feminism and Marxism
d.. 4 References
e.. 5 See also
f.. 6 External links
[edit]
Radical feminist theory and ideology
Radical feminists in Western society believe that their society is an
oppressive patriarchy that primarily oppresses women. Radical feminists seek
to abolish this patriarchy. They also believe that the way to deal with
patriarchy and oppression of all kinds is to attack the underlying causes of
these problems and address the fundamental components of society that
support them.
Patriarchal theory is not always as single sided as the belief that all men
always benefit from the oppression of all women. Patriarchal theory
maintains that the primary element of patriarchy is a relationship of
dominance, where one party (commonly males) is dominant and exploits the
other party (generally women) for his own benefit. Patriarchal theory notes
that dominant men use violent hierarchical social power to control
non-dominant men as well as women. Overall, Radical feminists believe that
eliminating patriarchy, and other systems which perpetuate the domination of
one group over another, will liberate everyone, from an unjust society.
While Radical feminism posits that the root cause of all other inequalities
is the oppression of women, some Radical feminists acknowledge the
simultaneity or intersectionality of different types of oppression which may
include, but are not limited to the following: gender, race, class,
perceived attractiveness, sexuality, ability, whilst still affirming the
recognition of patriarchy. [1] See also sex-positive feminism for a
sex-positive feminist critique (though sex-positive feminism is often held
up in contrast with radical feminism).
[edit]
Radical Feminist Movement
[edit]
Roots of radical feminist movement
Radical feminism emerged in the late 1960s simultaneously within liberal
feminist and working class feminist discussions. In the United States it
developed as a response to some of the failings of both the New Left and the
liberal feminist National Organization For Women. Initially mainly
concentrated in big cities like New York, Chicago, and Boston, radical
feminist groups spread across the country rapidly from 1968 to 1972.
In the United Kingdom feminism developed out of discussions within community
based radical womens' organisations and discussions by women within the
Trotskyist left. Radical feminism was brought to the UK by American radical
feminists and seized on by British radical women as offering an exciting new
theory. As the 1970s progressed, British feminists split into two major
schools of thought: socialist and radical. In 1977, another split occurred,
with a third grouping calling itself "revolutionary feminism" breaking away
from the other two.
Australian radical feminism developed slightly later, during an extended
period of social radicalisation, largely as an expression of that
radicalisation. Those involved had gradually come to understand that not
only the middle class nuclear family that oppressed women, but also social
organisations which claimed to stand for human liberation, notably the
counter-culture, SDS or Marxist political parties). Often Marxist feminists
found that their own parties effectively silenced them, and that the methods
used were patriarchal. Women in counter-culture groups related that the
gender relations present were very much those of mainstream culture. Based
on their experiences in these groups, the women made the conclusion that
ending patriarchy, not capitalism, was the most necessary step towards a
truly free society.
As a form of practice, Radical feminists introduced the use of consciousness
raising groups (CR groups). These groups brought intellectuals, workers and
middle class women together in developed Western countries. During these
discussions, women noted a shared and repressive system regardless of their
political affiliation or social class. These consciousness raising sessions
allowed early radical feminists to develop a political ideology based on a
woman's view of the world, as opposed to other possibilities, such as the
Marxist ideology that was popular at the time. Consciousness raising was
extensively used in chapter sub-units of the National Organization For Women
(NOW) during the 1970's.
The feminism which emerged from these discussions stood first and foremost
for the liberation of women, as women, from the gender roles of society.
This feminism was truly radical in both a political sense, and in the sense
of seeking the root cause of the oppression of women. Radical feminism
described a totalising ideology and social formation which dominated women
in the interests of men. This formation was called patriarchy (government or
rule by fathers).
[edit]
Social organisation and aims in the US and Australia
Radical feminists have generally formed small activist or community
associations around either consciousness raising, or concrete aims. Many
radical feminists in Australia participated in a series of squats to
establish various women's centres, and this form of action was common in the
late 1970s and early 1980s. During the mid 1980s many of the original
consciousness raising groups had dissolved, and radical feminism was more
and more associated with loosely organised university collectives. Since
that period, radical feminism has generally been confined to activist
student ghettos, inspired in part by famous intellectuals. However,
occasionally, working class groups of women have formed collectives
dedicated to radical feminism.
In many cases, due to state repression or cooption, the social organisations
formed by radical feminists in the 1970s and 1980s were rendered
ineffective. In Australia, many feminist social organisations accepted
government funding during the 1980s, and the election of a conservative
government in 1996 crippled these organisations.
While radical feminists aim to dismantle patriarchal society in a total
historical sense, their immediate aims are generally concrete. Common
demands include expanding reproductive freedoms and changes to
organisational sexual culture (a common demand in US universities during the
1980s).
[edit]
Radical feminism and Marxism
Some strains of radical feminism have been compared to Marxism in that they
describe a "great struggle of history" between two opposed forces. Much like
the Marxist struggle between classes (typically the proletariat and
bourgeoisie), radical feminism describes a historical struggle between
"women" and "men". Radical feminism has had a close, if hostile,
relationship with Marxism since the 1970s. Both Marxists and radical
feminists seek a total and radical change in social relations; believe
themselves to be on the political left; and, are primarily active amongst
Western university students. Despite this commonality, as ideologies Marxism
and radical feminism have generally opposed one another. In practice,
however, activist alliances generally form around shared immediate goals.
Some radical feminists are explicitly avowed Marxists, and attempt to
explore relationships between patriarchal and class analysis. This strain of
radical feminism can trace its roots to the Second International (in
particular the Marxists Rosa Luxembourg and Alexandra Kollontai). These
strains of radical feminism are often referred to as "Marxist feminism".
On the other hand, a lot of feminists will point to the hypocrisy of many
supposed Marxists. During the 1960s in the USA it was precisely the
exclusion and discrimination against women in leftist political groups that
caused many women to become feminists in the first place. Some people also
point out the awful treatment of women by certain communist countries. The
bumper sticker version of this view is the following quote:
Right wingers want women to be private property.
Left wingers want women to be public property.
----- Original Message -----
From: "jano ko" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Mbulet.......siapa yang salah...anak atau ibu atau anak atau ibu atau anak
? jawabannya adalah kaum feminus radikal penyebabnya.
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