OK, I edited the /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf so it is like your example:
listener 1883
allow_anymous true

weewx@Ubuntu20-WEEWX:~$ sudo mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
1640984047: Error: Unable to write pid file.

weewx@Ubuntu20-WEEWX:~$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
1640984054: Error: Unable to write pid file.

weewx@Ubuntu20-WEEWX:~$ mosquitto
1640984406: mosquitto version 2.0.10 starting
1640984406: Using default config.
1640984406: Starting in local only mode. Connections will only be possible 
from clients running on this machine.
1640984406: Create a configuration file which defines a listener to allow 
remote access.
1640984406: For more details see 
https://mosquitto.org/documentation/authentication-methods/
1640984406: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1640984406: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
1640984406: mosquitto version 2.0.10 running
1640984413: New connection from 127.0.0.1:42095 on port 1883.
1640984413: New client connected from 127.0.0.1:42095 as MQTTSubscribe-5503 
(p2, c1, k60, u'None').
1640984418: Client MQTTSubscribe-5503 disconnected.

On Friday, December 31, 2021 at 1:15:31 PM UTC-6 vince wrote:

> On Friday, December 31, 2021 at 11:04:00 AM UTC-8 Eric K wrote:
>
>> This confirms that mosquitto 2.x requires passwords (where version 1.x 
>> does not).
>> see: https://mosquitto.org/documentation/migrating-to-2-0/
>>
>  
> No, it doesn't.
> The example I posted worked fine either way.
>
> I ran it successfully with allow_anonymous and no user specified.
> I also ran it with allow_anonymous=false and a user created and specified.
>
>
> The password requirement appears to be the change that breaks my working 
>> mosquitto setup.
>>
>
> Disagree.
>  
>
>> In Ubuntu 21.04 with mosquitto 2.0.10 using my config file for mosquitto 
>> 1.6.12:
>>
>> weewx@Ubuntu20-WEEWX:~$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
>> 1640977238: The 'port' option is now deprecated and will be removed in a 
>> future version. Please use 'listener' instead.
>> 1640977238: Error: Unable to write pid file.
>>
>>
> Unable to write pid file is because you are running something requiring 
> privileges as a unprivileged user 'weewx'.
> Preface your command with "sudo".
> You need mosquitto to start as root so it can bind to the privileged port 
> 1883.
>  
>
>> and using the default mosquitto config (not sure where it's finding that 
>> default file - no path is shown)
>>
>>  
> If you look at the mosquitto docs, it says it runs a default configuration 
> in the absence of a specified config file.
>
> weewx@Ubuntu20-WEEWX:~$ mosquitto
>> 1640976300: mosquitto version 2.0.10 starting
>> 1640976300: Using default config.
>> 1640976300: Starting in local only mode. Connections will only be 
>> possible from clients running on this machine.
>> 1640976300: Create a configuration file which defines a listener to allow 
>> remote access.
>>
>
> Yes - in this case you didn't specify a config file so it runs 
> localhost-only for developer debugging purposes.
> This is documented on their website.
>
> You want to read 
> https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/iot.mosquitto/releases/2.0 more 
> carefully.
> It explains.
>
> And just go with the example I posted which definitely works.
>
>

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