You have 2 options to generate case.sigma:

a)  x lstart -sigma
In this case, the default cast.inst file will be taken (assuming it has a structure of ([noble gas],valence electrons)) and all N will be exchanged to P. So all states beyond the closed shell of the previous noble gas are valence electrons. The resulting file is called: case.inst_sigma and the x script will in fact generate a lstart.def file with case.inst_sigma. (and yes, case.inst itself is not modified).

b) You produce your own case.inst with P instead of N as you like (maybe expanding the "noble gases" explicitly, ...). Then you execute x lstart (without -sigma) and the corresponding states will be written to case.sigma.


Am 06.05.2020 um 16:08 schrieb Lyudmila Dobysheva:
Dear all,

I am understanding something wrong with making a difference plot of electron density. Manual says that some orbitals can be chosen using key P or N (print or no) in case.inst, than program lstart copies it to case.inst_sigma, and makes the file case.sigma that later will be subtracted from the scf electron density by lapw5. But I see that x lstart replaces all N with P, and the file case.sigma is always the same.
Here are the lines from x_lapw:
-------------------------
if ($?sigma) then
#  if(  -z $file.inst_sigma ) then
     sed "s/ N/ P/" $file.inst >$file.inst_sigma
#  endif
-------------------------

man sed tells:
-------------------------
s/regexp/replacement/     Attempt  to  match  regexp  against the pattern space.  If successful, replace that portion matched with replacement.
-------------------------

Why is here this replacing and simple copy?

Best wishes to all and good health.
Lyudmila Dobysheva
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