Hello Jun--

>   I have some basic knowledge about python programming and
>   xplor-NIH. It is always a mystery to me how atom coordinates are
>   passed to IVM or other downstream objects.

Excellent question. The answer is that coordinate and other per-atom
information is stored in a Simulation object
(https://nmr.cit.nih.gov/xplor-nih/doc/current/python/ref/simulation.html) 

The Simulation xplor.simulation is used by default if no other
Simulation is specified or defined. This is an XplorSimulation, with
some special properties. It is possible to explicitly create a new
XplorSimulation - see
https://nmr.cit.nih.gov/xplor-nih/doc/current/python/ref/xplorSimulation.html 
There are also EnsembleSimulations and SymSimulations (used for energy
terms acting on identical subunits, differing by rigid-body
translations and rotations).

>  For example, we usually
>   load psf and generate starting extended structure by
>   protocol.initStruct and protocol.genExtendedStructure(). For most
>   python programing, we need a variable to hold the data in python,

Most often, the Simulation is an optional argument- as it is for the
IVM. In other cases, such as protocol.initCoords or
genExtendedStructure, a non-current simulation can be specified in the
simulation member of an atomSel.AtomSel object passed as the selection
or sel argument, resepctively. There may be cases where it is simplest
to change the current Simulation (using simulation.makeCurrent), so
that it is not necessary to specify this information in a passed
argument. 

I do hope this clears things up some.

Charles

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