The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts & Tools Richard Paul & Linda Elder | Foundation for Critical Thinking
http://reflectioncafe2.blogspot.com/2007_03_01_archive.html Why Critical Thinking? The Problem: Everyone thinks; it is our nature to do so. But much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted, partial, uninformed or down-right prejudiced. Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or build depends precisely on the quality of our thought. Shoddy thinking is costly, both in money and in quality of life. Excellence in thought, however, must be systematically cultivated. A Definition: Critical thinking is a process by which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them. The Result: A well cultivated critical thinker: raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely; gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards; thinks openmindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems. Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It requires rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. Universal Intellectual Standards Clarity Accuracy Precision Relevance Depth Breadth Logic Intellectual Traits or Virtues Intellectual Autonomy Intellectual Integrity Intellectual Humility Intellectual Empathy Intellectual Courage Fairmindedness Intellectual Perseverance Confidence in Reason http://www.criticalthinking.org
