Date:        Thu, 26 Apr 2018 15:42:11 +0200
    From:        Joerg Schilling <joerg.schill...@fokus.fraunhofer.de>
    Message-ID:  <5ae1d733.R5TWM/czxzjsra9r%joerg.schill...@fokus.fraunhofer.de>

  | mkdir() has been introduced in order to overcome a security problem.

Yes, that's one of the problems that happens because the (old) mkdir
program had to run a sequence of system calls - it wasn't atomic.  That
is what I said.

But if '.' and '.." had not existed, directories could have been made by a
non-root mknod() call, and there would have been no issues.

That is, it was the existance of '.' and '..' that required mkdir(), they were
not put there so as to not need a mkdir().

So, back to the original, they're there because they make the filsystem
design consistent (it has up and down pointers - if one ignores mount
points...)

kre


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