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Thanks to Marc Graille, Robyn Stanfield, Artem Evdokimov and Pietro Roversi for sharing their experience on how to make Imidazole-Malate buffer. Essentially it is same as making phosphate buffer. In the range of pH's from 5.5 to 8.5 mix the un-adjusted d-Malic acid and Imidazole solutions in specific proportions to get desired pH. Regards, Vaheh Oganesyan, PhD Scientist II MedImmune, Inc. One MedImmune Way Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA Phone: (301)398-5851 Facsimile: (301)398-9851 www.medimmune.com -----Original Message----- From: Pietro Roversi [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, January 09, 2007 4:33 AM To: Oganesyan, Vaheh Cc: ccp4bb@dl.ac.uk Subject: Re: [ccp4bb]: Imidazole-Malate Buffer Dear Vaheh, I usually prepare the 2M solutions and then: 1. If a final basic pH is needed, I add malic acid to the imidazole solution until the desired pH is achieved 2. If a final acidic pH is needed, I add the imidazole to the malic acid solution until the desired pH is achieved With best wishes Pietro -- Pietro Roversi Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3ER, England UK Tel. 0044-1865-275385