This revision was landed with ongoing or failed builds.
This revision was automatically updated to reflect the committed changes.
Closed by commit rG502f14d6f2ee: [VFS] Add a "redirecting-with" field 
to overlays (authored by bnbarham, committed by keith).

Changed prior to commit:
  https://reviews.llvm.org/D117937?vs=404999&id=405758#toc

Repository:
  rG LLVM Github Monorepo

CHANGES SINCE LAST ACTION
  https://reviews.llvm.org/D117937/new/

https://reviews.llvm.org/D117937

Files:
  clang/test/VFS/Inputs/redirect-and-fallthrough.yaml
  clang/test/VFS/Inputs/unknown-redirect.yaml
  clang/test/VFS/fallback.c
  clang/test/VFS/parse-errors.c
  llvm/include/llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h
  llvm/lib/Support/VirtualFileSystem.cpp
  llvm/unittests/Support/VirtualFileSystemTest.cpp

Index: llvm/unittests/Support/VirtualFileSystemTest.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/unittests/Support/VirtualFileSystemTest.cpp
+++ llvm/unittests/Support/VirtualFileSystemTest.cpp
@@ -1910,7 +1910,25 @@
       Lower);
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, FS.get());
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(26, NumDiagnostics);
+  // invalid redirect kind
+  FS = getFromYAMLString("{ 'redirecting-with': 'none', 'roots': [{\n"
+                         "  'type': 'directory-remap',\n"
+                         "  'name': '//root/A',\n"
+                         "  'external-contents': '//root/B' }]}",
+                         Lower);
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, FS.get());
+
+  // redirect and fallthrough passed
+  FS = getFromYAMLString("{ 'redirecting-with': 'fallthrough',\n"
+                         "  'fallthrough': true,\n"
+                         "  'roots': [{\n"
+                         "    'type': 'directory-remap',\n"
+                         "    'name': '//root/A',\n"
+                         "    'external-contents': '//root/B' }]}",
+                         Lower);
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, FS.get());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(28, NumDiagnostics);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VFSFromYAMLTest, UseExternalName) {
@@ -2710,6 +2728,121 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(FS->exists(_c.path("c")));
 }
 
+TEST_F(VFSFromYAMLTest, RedirectingWith) {
+  IntrusiveRefCntPtr<DummyFileSystem> Both(new DummyFileSystem());
+  Both->addDirectory("//root/a");
+  Both->addRegularFile("//root/a/f");
+  Both->addDirectory("//root/b");
+  Both->addRegularFile("//root/b/f");
+
+  IntrusiveRefCntPtr<DummyFileSystem> AOnly(new DummyFileSystem());
+  AOnly->addDirectory("//root/a");
+  AOnly->addRegularFile("//root/a/f");
+
+  IntrusiveRefCntPtr<DummyFileSystem> BOnly(new DummyFileSystem());
+  BOnly->addDirectory("//root/b");
+  BOnly->addRegularFile("//root/b/f");
+
+  auto BaseStr = std::string("  'roots': [\n"
+                             "    {\n"
+                             "      'type': 'directory-remap',\n"
+                             "      'name': '//root/a',\n"
+                             "      'external-contents': '//root/b'\n"
+                             "    }\n"
+                             "  ]\n"
+                             "}");
+  auto FallthroughStr = "{ 'redirecting-with': 'fallthrough',\n" + BaseStr;
+  auto FallbackStr = "{ 'redirecting-with': 'fallback',\n" + BaseStr;
+  auto RedirectOnlyStr = "{ 'redirecting-with': 'redirect-only',\n" + BaseStr;
+
+  auto ExpectPath = [&](vfs::FileSystem &FS, StringRef Expected,
+                        StringRef Message) {
+    auto AF = FS.openFileForRead("//root/a/f");
+    ASSERT_FALSE(AF.getError()) << Message;
+    auto AFName = (*AF)->getName();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(AFName.getError()) << Message;
+    EXPECT_EQ(Expected.str(), AFName.get()) << Message;
+
+    auto AS = FS.status("//root/a/f");
+    ASSERT_FALSE(AS.getError()) << Message;
+    EXPECT_EQ(Expected.str(), AS->getName()) << Message;
+  };
+
+  auto ExpectFailure = [&](vfs::FileSystem &FS, StringRef Message) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FS.openFileForRead("//root/a/f").getError()) << Message;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FS.status("//root/a/f").getError()) << Message;
+  };
+
+  {
+    // `f` in both `a` and `b`
+
+    // `fallthrough` tries `external-name` first, so should be `b`
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Fallthrough =
+        getFromYAMLString(FallthroughStr, Both);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Fallthrough.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Fallthrough, "//root/b/f", "fallthrough, both exist");
+
+    // `fallback` tries the original name first, so should be `a`
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Fallback =
+        getFromYAMLString(FallbackStr, Both);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Fallback.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Fallback, "//root/a/f", "fallback, both exist");
+
+    // `redirect-only` is the same as `fallthrough` but doesn't try the
+    // original on failure, so no change here (ie. `b`)
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Redirect =
+        getFromYAMLString(RedirectOnlyStr, Both);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Redirect.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Redirect, "//root/b/f", "redirect-only, both exist");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // `f` in `a` only
+
+    // Fallthrough to the original path, `a`
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Fallthrough =
+        getFromYAMLString(FallthroughStr, AOnly);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Fallthrough.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Fallthrough, "//root/a/f", "fallthrough, a only");
+
+    // Original first, so still `a`
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Fallback =
+        getFromYAMLString(FallbackStr, AOnly);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Fallback.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Fallback, "//root/a/f", "fallback, a only");
+
+    // Fails since no fallthrough
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Redirect =
+        getFromYAMLString(RedirectOnlyStr, AOnly);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Redirect.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectFailure(*Redirect, "redirect-only, a only");
+  }
+
+  {
+    // `f` in `b` only
+
+    // Tries `b` first (no fallthrough)
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Fallthrough =
+        getFromYAMLString(FallthroughStr, BOnly);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Fallthrough.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Fallthrough, "//root/b/f", "fallthrough, b only");
+
+    // Tries original first but then fallsback to `b`
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Fallback =
+        getFromYAMLString(FallbackStr, BOnly);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Fallback.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Fallback, "//root/b/f", "fallback, b only");
+
+    // Redirect exists, so uses it (`b`)
+    IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::FileSystem> Redirect =
+        getFromYAMLString(RedirectOnlyStr, BOnly);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Redirect.get() != nullptr);
+    ExpectPath(*Redirect, "//root/b/f", "redirect-only, b only");
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, NumDiagnostics);
+}
+
 TEST(VFSFromRemappedFilesTest, Basic) {
   IntrusiveRefCntPtr<vfs::InMemoryFileSystem> BaseFS =
       new vfs::InMemoryFileSystem;
Index: llvm/lib/Support/VirtualFileSystem.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Support/VirtualFileSystem.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Support/VirtualFileSystem.cpp
@@ -467,28 +467,26 @@
 class CombiningDirIterImpl : public llvm::vfs::detail::DirIterImpl {
   using FileSystemPtr = llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem>;
 
-  /// File systems to check for entries in. Processed in reverse order.
-  SmallVector<FileSystemPtr, 8> FSList;
-  /// The directory iterator for the current filesystem.
+  /// Iterators to combine, processed in reverse order.
+  SmallVector<directory_iterator, 8> IterList;
+  /// The iterator currently being traversed.
   directory_iterator CurrentDirIter;
-  /// The path of the directory to iterate the entries of.
-  std::string DirPath;
   /// The set of names already returned as entries.
   llvm::StringSet<> SeenNames;
 
-  /// Sets \c CurrentDirIter to an iterator of \c DirPath in the next file
-  /// system in the list, or leaves it as is (at its end position) if we've
-  /// already gone through them all.
-  std::error_code incrementFS() {
-    while (!FSList.empty()) {
-      std::error_code EC;
-      CurrentDirIter = FSList.back()->dir_begin(DirPath, EC);
-      FSList.pop_back();
-      if (EC && EC != errc::no_such_file_or_directory)
-        return EC;
+  /// Sets \c CurrentDirIter to the next iterator in the list, or leaves it as
+  /// is (at its end position) if we've already gone through them all.
+  std::error_code incrementIter(bool IsFirstTime) {
+    while (!IterList.empty()) {
+      CurrentDirIter = IterList.back();
+      IterList.pop_back();
       if (CurrentDirIter != directory_iterator())
         break; // found
     }
+
+    if (IsFirstTime && CurrentDirIter == directory_iterator())
+      return std::error_code(static_cast<int>(errc::no_such_file_or_directory),
+                             std::system_category());
     return {};
   }
 
@@ -499,7 +497,7 @@
     if (!IsFirstTime)
       CurrentDirIter.increment(EC);
     if (!EC && CurrentDirIter == directory_iterator())
-      EC = incrementFS();
+      EC = incrementIter(IsFirstTime);
     return EC;
   }
 
@@ -520,23 +518,24 @@
 
 public:
   CombiningDirIterImpl(ArrayRef<FileSystemPtr> FileSystems, std::string Dir,
-                       std::error_code &EC)
-      : FSList(FileSystems.begin(), FileSystems.end()),
-        DirPath(std::move(Dir)) {
-    if (!FSList.empty()) {
-      CurrentDirIter = FSList.back()->dir_begin(DirPath, EC);
-      FSList.pop_back();
-      if (!EC || EC == errc::no_such_file_or_directory)
-        EC = incrementImpl(true);
+                       std::error_code &EC) {
+    for (auto FS : FileSystems) {
+      std::error_code FEC;
+      directory_iterator Iter = FS->dir_begin(Dir, FEC);
+      if (FEC && FEC != errc::no_such_file_or_directory) {
+        EC = FEC;
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!FEC)
+        IterList.push_back(Iter);
     }
+    EC = incrementImpl(true);
   }
 
-  CombiningDirIterImpl(directory_iterator FirstIter, FileSystemPtr Fallback,
-                       std::string FallbackDir, std::error_code &EC)
-      : FSList({Fallback}), CurrentDirIter(FirstIter),
-        DirPath(std::move(FallbackDir)) {
-    if (!EC || EC == errc::no_such_file_or_directory)
-      EC = incrementImpl(true);
+  CombiningDirIterImpl(ArrayRef<directory_iterator> DirIters,
+                       std::error_code &EC)
+      : IterList(DirIters.begin(), DirIters.end()) {
+    EC = incrementImpl(true);
   }
 
   std::error_code increment() override { return incrementImpl(false); }
@@ -546,8 +545,11 @@
 
 directory_iterator OverlayFileSystem::dir_begin(const Twine &Dir,
                                                 std::error_code &EC) {
-  return directory_iterator(
+  directory_iterator Combined = directory_iterator(
       std::make_shared<CombiningDirIterImpl>(FSList, Dir.str(), EC));
+  if (EC)
+    return {};
+  return Combined;
 }
 
 void ProxyFileSystem::anchor() {}
@@ -1079,6 +1081,14 @@
   return result;
 }
 
+/// Whether the error and entry specify a file/directory that was not found.
+static bool isFileNotFound(std::error_code EC,
+                           RedirectingFileSystem::Entry *E = nullptr) {
+  if (E && !isa<RedirectingFileSystem::DirectoryRemapEntry>(E))
+    return false;
+  return EC == llvm::errc::no_such_file_or_directory;
+}
+
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 
@@ -1255,20 +1265,25 @@
 
   ErrorOr<RedirectingFileSystem::LookupResult> Result = lookupPath(Path);
   if (!Result) {
-    EC = Result.getError();
-    if (shouldFallBackToExternalFS(EC))
+    if (Redirection != RedirectKind::RedirectOnly &&
+        isFileNotFound(Result.getError()))
       return ExternalFS->dir_begin(Path, EC);
+
+    EC = Result.getError();
     return {};
   }
 
   // Use status to make sure the path exists and refers to a directory.
   ErrorOr<Status> S = status(Path, Dir, *Result);
   if (!S) {
-    if (shouldFallBackToExternalFS(S.getError(), Result->E))
+    if (Redirection != RedirectKind::RedirectOnly &&
+        isFileNotFound(S.getError(), Result->E))
       return ExternalFS->dir_begin(Dir, EC);
+
     EC = S.getError();
     return {};
   }
+
   if (!S->isDirectory()) {
     EC = std::error_code(static_cast<int>(errc::not_a_directory),
                          std::system_category());
@@ -1277,27 +1292,67 @@
 
   // Create the appropriate directory iterator based on whether we found a
   // DirectoryRemapEntry or DirectoryEntry.
-  directory_iterator DirIter;
+  directory_iterator RedirectIter;
+  std::error_code RedirectEC;
   if (auto ExtRedirect = Result->getExternalRedirect()) {
     auto RE = cast<RedirectingFileSystem::RemapEntry>(Result->E);
-    DirIter = ExternalFS->dir_begin(*ExtRedirect, EC);
+    RedirectIter = ExternalFS->dir_begin(*ExtRedirect, RedirectEC);
 
     if (!RE->useExternalName(UseExternalNames)) {
       // Update the paths in the results to use the virtual directory's path.
-      DirIter =
+      RedirectIter =
           directory_iterator(std::make_shared<RedirectingFSDirRemapIterImpl>(
-              std::string(Path), DirIter));
+              std::string(Path), RedirectIter));
     }
   } else {
     auto DE = cast<DirectoryEntry>(Result->E);
-    DirIter = directory_iterator(std::make_shared<RedirectingFSDirIterImpl>(
-        Path, DE->contents_begin(), DE->contents_end(), EC));
+    RedirectIter =
+        directory_iterator(std::make_shared<RedirectingFSDirIterImpl>(
+            Path, DE->contents_begin(), DE->contents_end(), RedirectEC));
+  }
+
+  if (RedirectEC) {
+    if (RedirectEC != errc::no_such_file_or_directory) {
+      EC = RedirectEC;
+      return {};
+    }
+    RedirectIter = {};
+  }
+
+  if (Redirection == RedirectKind::RedirectOnly) {
+    EC = RedirectEC;
+    return RedirectIter;
+  }
+
+  std::error_code ExternalEC;
+  directory_iterator ExternalIter = ExternalFS->dir_begin(Path, ExternalEC);
+  if (ExternalEC) {
+    if (ExternalEC != errc::no_such_file_or_directory) {
+      EC = ExternalEC;
+      return {};
+    }
+    ExternalIter = {};
+  }
+
+  SmallVector<directory_iterator, 2> Iters;
+  switch (Redirection) {
+  case RedirectKind::Fallthrough:
+    Iters.push_back(ExternalIter);
+    Iters.push_back(RedirectIter);
+    break;
+  case RedirectKind::Fallback:
+    Iters.push_back(RedirectIter);
+    Iters.push_back(ExternalIter);
+    break;
+  default:
+    llvm_unreachable("unhandled RedirectKind");
   }
 
-  if (!shouldUseExternalFS())
-    return DirIter;
-  return directory_iterator(std::make_shared<CombiningDirIterImpl>(
-      DirIter, ExternalFS, std::string(Path), EC));
+  directory_iterator Combined{
+      std::make_shared<CombiningDirIterImpl>(Iters, EC)};
+  if (EC)
+    return {};
+  return Combined;
 }
 
 void RedirectingFileSystem::setExternalContentsPrefixDir(StringRef PrefixDir) {
@@ -1308,8 +1363,9 @@
   return ExternalContentsPrefixDir;
 }
 
-void RedirectingFileSystem::setFallthrough(bool Fallthrough) {
-  IsFallthrough = Fallthrough;
+void RedirectingFileSystem::setRedirection(
+    RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind Kind) {
+  Redirection = Kind;
 }
 
 std::vector<StringRef> RedirectingFileSystem::getRoots() const {
@@ -1388,6 +1444,23 @@
     return false;
   }
 
+  Optional<RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind>
+  parseRedirectKind(yaml::Node *N) {
+    SmallString<12> Storage;
+    StringRef Value;
+    if (!parseScalarString(N, Value, Storage))
+      return None;
+
+    if (Value.equals_insensitive("fallthrough")) {
+      return RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind::Fallthrough;
+    } else if (Value.equals_insensitive("fallback")) {
+      return RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind::Fallback;
+    } else if (Value.equals_insensitive("redirect-only")) {
+      return RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind::RedirectOnly;
+    }
+    return None;
+  }
+
   struct KeyStatus {
     bool Required;
     bool Seen = false;
@@ -1731,6 +1804,7 @@
         KeyStatusPair("use-external-names", false),
         KeyStatusPair("overlay-relative", false),
         KeyStatusPair("fallthrough", false),
+        KeyStatusPair("redirecting-with", false),
         KeyStatusPair("roots", true),
     };
 
@@ -1789,8 +1863,34 @@
         if (!parseScalarBool(I.getValue(), FS->UseExternalNames))
           return false;
       } else if (Key == "fallthrough") {
-        if (!parseScalarBool(I.getValue(), FS->IsFallthrough))
+        if (Keys["redirecting-with"].Seen) {
+          error(I.getValue(),
+                "'fallthrough' and 'redirecting-with' are mutually exclusive");
           return false;
+        }
+
+        bool ShouldFallthrough = false;
+        if (!parseScalarBool(I.getValue(), ShouldFallthrough))
+          return false;
+
+        if (ShouldFallthrough) {
+          FS->Redirection = RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind::Fallthrough;
+        } else {
+          FS->Redirection = RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind::RedirectOnly;
+        }
+      } else if (Key == "redirecting-with") {
+        if (Keys["fallthrough"].Seen) {
+          error(I.getValue(),
+                "'fallthrough' and 'redirecting-with' are mutually exclusive");
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        if (auto Kind = parseRedirectKind(I.getValue())) {
+          FS->Redirection = *Kind;
+        } else {
+          error(I.getValue(), "expected valid redirect kind");
+          return false;
+        }
       } else {
         llvm_unreachable("key missing from Keys");
       }
@@ -1923,13 +2023,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-bool RedirectingFileSystem::shouldFallBackToExternalFS(
-    std::error_code EC, RedirectingFileSystem::Entry *E) const {
-  if (E && !isa<RedirectingFileSystem::DirectoryRemapEntry>(E))
-    return false;
-  return shouldUseExternalFS() && EC == llvm::errc::no_such_file_or_directory;
-}
-
 std::error_code
 RedirectingFileSystem::makeCanonical(SmallVectorImpl<char> &Path) const {
   if (std::error_code EC = makeAbsolute(Path))
@@ -2046,17 +2139,31 @@
   if (std::error_code EC = makeCanonical(CanonicalPath))
     return EC;
 
+  if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallback) {
+    // Attempt to find the original file first, only falling back to the
+    // mapped file if that fails.
+    ErrorOr<Status> S = getExternalStatus(CanonicalPath, OriginalPath);
+    if (S)
+      return S;
+  }
+
   ErrorOr<RedirectingFileSystem::LookupResult> Result =
       lookupPath(CanonicalPath);
   if (!Result) {
-    if (shouldFallBackToExternalFS(Result.getError())) {
+    // Was not able to map file, fallthrough to using the original path if
+    // that was the specified redirection type.
+    if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough &&
+        isFileNotFound(Result.getError()))
       return getExternalStatus(CanonicalPath, OriginalPath);
-    }
     return Result.getError();
   }
 
   ErrorOr<Status> S = status(CanonicalPath, OriginalPath, *Result);
-  if (!S && shouldFallBackToExternalFS(S.getError(), Result->E)) {
+  if (!S && Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough &&
+      isFileNotFound(S.getError(), Result->E)) {
+    // Mapped the file but it wasn't found in the underlying filesystem,
+    // fallthrough to using the original path if that was the specified
+    // redirection type.
     return getExternalStatus(CanonicalPath, OriginalPath);
   }
 
@@ -2110,13 +2217,24 @@
   if (std::error_code EC = makeCanonical(CanonicalPath))
     return EC;
 
+  if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallback) {
+    // Attempt to find the original file first, only falling back to the
+    // mapped file if that fails.
+    auto F = File::getWithPath(ExternalFS->openFileForRead(CanonicalPath),
+                               OriginalPath);
+    if (F)
+      return F;
+  }
+
   ErrorOr<RedirectingFileSystem::LookupResult> Result =
       lookupPath(CanonicalPath);
   if (!Result) {
-    if (shouldFallBackToExternalFS(Result.getError()))
+    // Was not able to map file, fallthrough to using the original path if
+    // that was the specified redirection type.
+    if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough &&
+        isFileNotFound(Result.getError()))
       return File::getWithPath(ExternalFS->openFileForRead(CanonicalPath),
                                OriginalPath);
-
     return Result.getError();
   }
 
@@ -2133,9 +2251,14 @@
   auto ExternalFile = File::getWithPath(
       ExternalFS->openFileForRead(CanonicalRemappedPath), ExtRedirect);
   if (!ExternalFile) {
-    if (shouldFallBackToExternalFS(ExternalFile.getError(), Result->E))
+    if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough &&
+        isFileNotFound(ExternalFile.getError(), Result->E)) {
+      // Mapped the file but it wasn't found in the underlying filesystem,
+      // fallthrough to using the original path if that was the specified
+      // redirection type.
       return File::getWithPath(ExternalFS->openFileForRead(CanonicalPath),
                                OriginalPath);
+    }
     return ExternalFile;
   }
 
@@ -2143,7 +2266,8 @@
   if (!ExternalStatus)
     return ExternalStatus.getError();
 
-  // FIXME: Update the status with the name and VFSMapped.
+  // Otherwise, the file was successfully remapped. Mark it as such. Also
+  // replace the underlying path if the external name is being used.
   Status S = getRedirectedFileStatus(
       OriginalPath, RE->useExternalName(UseExternalNames), *ExternalStatus);
   return std::unique_ptr<File>(
@@ -2151,18 +2275,30 @@
 }
 
 std::error_code
-RedirectingFileSystem::getRealPath(const Twine &Path_,
+RedirectingFileSystem::getRealPath(const Twine &OriginalPath,
                                    SmallVectorImpl<char> &Output) const {
-  SmallString<256> Path;
-  Path_.toVector(Path);
+  SmallString<256> CanonicalPath;
+  OriginalPath.toVector(CanonicalPath);
 
-  if (std::error_code EC = makeCanonical(Path))
+  if (std::error_code EC = makeCanonical(CanonicalPath))
     return EC;
 
-  ErrorOr<RedirectingFileSystem::LookupResult> Result = lookupPath(Path);
+  if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallback) {
+    // Attempt to find the original file first, only falling back to the
+    // mapped file if that fails.
+    std::error_code EC = ExternalFS->getRealPath(CanonicalPath, Output);
+    if (!EC)
+      return EC;
+  }
+
+  ErrorOr<RedirectingFileSystem::LookupResult> Result =
+      lookupPath(CanonicalPath);
   if (!Result) {
-    if (shouldFallBackToExternalFS(Result.getError()))
-      return ExternalFS->getRealPath(Path, Output);
+    // Was not able to map file, fallthrough to using the original path if
+    // that was the specified redirection type.
+    if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough &&
+        isFileNotFound(Result.getError()))
+      return ExternalFS->getRealPath(CanonicalPath, Output);
     return Result.getError();
   }
 
@@ -2170,16 +2306,21 @@
   // path in the external file system.
   if (auto ExtRedirect = Result->getExternalRedirect()) {
     auto P = ExternalFS->getRealPath(*ExtRedirect, Output);
-    if (!P && shouldFallBackToExternalFS(P, Result->E)) {
-      return ExternalFS->getRealPath(Path, Output);
+    if (P && Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough &&
+        isFileNotFound(P, Result->E)) {
+      // Mapped the file but it wasn't found in the underlying filesystem,
+      // fallthrough to using the original path if that was the specified
+      // redirection type.
+      return ExternalFS->getRealPath(CanonicalPath, Output);
     }
     return P;
   }
 
-  // If we found a DirectoryEntry, still fall back to ExternalFS if allowed,
-  // because directories don't have a single external contents path.
-  return shouldUseExternalFS() ? ExternalFS->getRealPath(Path, Output)
-                               : llvm::errc::invalid_argument;
+  // If we found a DirectoryEntry, still fallthrough to the original path if
+  // allowed, because directories don't have a single external contents path.
+  if (Redirection == RedirectKind::Fallthrough)
+    return ExternalFS->getRealPath(CanonicalPath, Output);
+  return llvm::errc::invalid_argument;
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<FileSystem>
Index: llvm/include/llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h
===================================================================
--- llvm/include/llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h
+++ llvm/include/llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h
@@ -571,7 +571,10 @@
 ///   'case-sensitive': <boolean, default=(true for Posix, false for Windows)>
 ///   'use-external-names': <boolean, default=true>
 ///   'overlay-relative': <boolean, default=false>
-///   'fallthrough': <boolean, default=true>
+///   'fallthrough': <boolean, default=true, deprecated - use 'redirecting-with'
+///                   instead>
+///   'redirecting-with': <string, one of 'fallthrough', 'fallback', or
+///                        'redirect-only', default='fallthrough'>
 ///
 /// Virtual directories that list their contents are represented as
 /// \verbatim
@@ -642,6 +645,20 @@
   enum EntryKind { EK_Directory, EK_DirectoryRemap, EK_File };
   enum NameKind { NK_NotSet, NK_External, NK_Virtual };
 
+  /// The type of redirection to perform.
+  enum class RedirectKind {
+    /// Lookup the redirected path first (ie. the one specified in
+    /// 'external-contents') and if that fails "fallthrough" to a lookup of the
+    /// originally provided path.
+    Fallthrough,
+    /// Lookup the provided path first and if that fails, "fallback" to a
+    /// lookup of the redirected path.
+    Fallback,
+    /// Only lookup the redirected path, do not lookup the originally provided
+    /// path.
+    RedirectOnly
+  };
+
   /// A single file or directory in the VFS.
   class Entry {
     EntryKind Kind;
@@ -776,17 +793,11 @@
   friend class RedirectingFSDirIterImpl;
   friend class RedirectingFileSystemParser;
 
-  bool shouldUseExternalFS() const { return IsFallthrough; }
-
   /// Canonicalize path by removing ".", "..", "./", components. This is
   /// a VFS request, do not bother about symlinks in the path components
   /// but canonicalize in order to perform the correct entry search.
   std::error_code makeCanonical(SmallVectorImpl<char> &Path) const;
 
-  /// Whether to fall back to the external file system when an operation fails
-  /// with the given error code on a path associated with the provided Entry.
-  bool shouldFallBackToExternalFS(std::error_code EC, Entry *E = nullptr) const;
-
   /// Get the File status, or error, from the underlying external file system.
   /// This returns the status with the originally requested name, while looking
   /// up the entry using the canonical path.
@@ -834,9 +845,9 @@
   /// names of files.  This global value is overridable on a per-file basis.
   bool UseExternalNames = true;
 
-  /// Whether to attempt a file lookup in external file system after it wasn't
-  /// found in VFS.
-  bool IsFallthrough = true;
+  /// Determines the lookups to perform, as well as their order. See
+  /// \c RedirectKind for details.
+  RedirectKind Redirection = RedirectKind::Fallthrough;
   /// @}
 
   RedirectingFileSystem(IntrusiveRefCntPtr<FileSystem> ExternalFS);
@@ -891,7 +902,7 @@
 
   StringRef getExternalContentsPrefixDir() const;
 
-  void setFallthrough(bool Fallthrough);
+  void setRedirection(RedirectingFileSystem::RedirectKind Kind);
 
   std::vector<llvm::StringRef> getRoots() const;
 
Index: clang/test/VFS/parse-errors.c
===================================================================
--- clang/test/VFS/parse-errors.c
+++ clang/test/VFS/parse-errors.c
@@ -12,3 +12,11 @@
 // RUN: not %clang_cc1 -ivfsoverlay %S/Inputs/unknown-value.yaml -fsyntax-only %s 2>&1 | FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-UNKNOWN-VALUE %s
 // CHECK-UNKNOWN-VALUE: expected boolean value
 // CHECK-UNKNOWN-VALUE: invalid virtual filesystem overlay file
+
+// RUN: not %clang_cc1 -ivfsoverlay %S/Inputs/unknown-redirect.yaml -fsyntax-only %s 2>&1 | FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-REDIRECT %s
+// CHECK-REDIRECT: expected valid redirect kind
+// CHECK-REDIRECT: invalid virtual filesystem overlay file
+
+// RUN: not %clang_cc1 -ivfsoverlay %S/Inputs/redirect-and-fallthrough.yaml -fsyntax-only %s 2>&1 | FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-EXCLUSIVE-KEYS %s
+// CHECK-EXCLUSIVE-KEYS: 'fallthrough' and 'redirecting-with' are mutually exclusive
+// CHECK-EXCLUSIVE-KEYS: invalid virtual filesystem overlay file
Index: clang/test/VFS/fallback.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clang/test/VFS/fallback.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// RUN: rm -rf %t
+// RUN: split-file %s %t
+
+// Test fallback directory remapping, ie. a directory "Base" which is used as
+// a fallback if files are missing from "UseFirst"
+
+// RUN: sed -e "s@EXTERNAL_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/Both/Base@g" -e "s@NAME_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/Both/UseFirst@g" %t/vfs/base.yaml > %t/vfs/both.yaml
+
+// RUN: cp -R %t/Both %t/UseFirstOnly
+// RUN: rm -rf %t/UseFirstOnly/Base
+// RUN: sed -e "s@EXTERNAL_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/UseFirstOnly/Base@g" -e "s@NAME_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/UseFirstOnly/UseFirst@g" %t/vfs/base.yaml > %t/vfs/use-first-only.yaml
+
+// RUN: cp -R %t/Both %t/BaseOnly
+// RUN: rm -rf %t/BaseOnly/UseFirst
+// RUN: sed -e "s@EXTERNAL_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/BaseOnly/Base@g" -e "s@NAME_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/BaseOnly/UseFirst@g" %t/vfs/base.yaml > %t/vfs/base-only.yaml
+
+// RUN: cp -R %t/Both %t/BFallback
+// RUN: rm %t/BFallback/UseFirst/B.h
+// RUN: sed -e "s@EXTERNAL_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/BFallback/Base@g" -e "s@NAME_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/BFallback/UseFirst@g" %t/vfs/base.yaml > %t/vfs/b-fallback.yaml
+
+// RUN: cp -R %t/Both %t/CFallback
+// RUN: rm %t/CFallback/UseFirst/C.h
+// RUN: sed -e "s@EXTERNAL_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/CFallback/Base@g" -e "s@NAME_DIR@%{/t:regex_replacement}/CFallback/UseFirst@g" %t/vfs/base.yaml > %t/vfs/c-fallback.yaml
+
+// Both B.h and C.h are in both folders
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -Werror -I %t/Both/UseFirst -ivfsoverlay %t/vfs/both.yaml -fsyntax-only -E -C %t/main.c 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=IN_UF %s
+
+// IN_UF: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)UseFirst(/|\\\\)}}B.h"
+// IN_UF-NEXT: // B.h in UseFirst
+// IN_UF: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)UseFirst(/|\\\\)}}C.h"
+// IN_UF-NEXT: // C.h in UseFirst
+
+// Base missing, so now they are only in UseFirst
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -Werror -I %t/UseFirstOnly/UseFirst -ivfsoverlay %t/vfs/use-first-only.yaml -fsyntax-only -E -C %t/main.c 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=IN_UF %s
+
+// UseFirst missing, fallback to Base
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -Werror -I %t/BaseOnly/UseFirst -ivfsoverlay %t/vfs/base-only.yaml -fsyntax-only -E -C %t/main.c 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=IN_BASE %s
+
+// IN_BASE: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)Base(/|\\\\)}}B.h"
+// IN_BASE-NEXT: // B.h in Base
+// IN_BASE: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)Base(/|\\\\)}}C.h"
+// IN_BASE-NEXT: // C.h in Base
+
+// B.h missing from UseFirst
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -Werror -I %t/BFallback/UseFirst -ivfsoverlay %t/vfs/b-fallback.yaml -fsyntax-only -E -C %t/main.c 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=B_FALLBACK %s
+
+// B_FALLBACK: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)Base(/|\\\\)}}B.h"
+// B_FALLBACK-NEXT: // B.h in Base
+// B_FALLBACK: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)UseFirst(/|\\\\)}}C.h"
+// B_FALLBACK-NEXT: // C.h in UseFirst
+
+// C.h missing from UseFirst
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -Werror -I %t/CFallback/UseFirst -ivfsoverlay %t/vfs/c-fallback.yaml -fsyntax-only -E -C %t/main.c 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=C_FALLBACK %s
+
+// C_FALLBACK: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)UseFirst(/|\\\\)}}B.h"
+// C_FALLBACK-NEXT: // B.h in UseFirst
+// C_FALLBACK: # 1 "{{.*(/|\\\\)Base(/|\\\\)}}C.h"
+// C_FALLBACK-NEXT: // C.h in Base
+
+//--- main.c
+#include "B.h"
+
+//--- Both/UseFirst/B.h
+// B.h in UseFirst
+#include "C.h"
+
+//--- Both/UseFirst/C.h
+// C.h in UseFirst
+
+//--- Both/Base/B.h
+// B.h in Base
+#include "C.h"
+
+//--- Both/Base/C.h
+// C.h in Base
+
+//--- vfs/base.yaml
+{
+  'version' : 0,
+      'redirecting-with' : 'fallback',
+                           'roots' : [
+                             {'name' : 'NAME_DIR',
+                              'type' : 'directory-remap',
+                              'external-contents' : 'EXTERNAL_DIR'}
+                           ]
+}
Index: clang/test/VFS/Inputs/unknown-redirect.yaml
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clang/test/VFS/Inputs/unknown-redirect.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  'redirecting-with': 'none',
+  'roots': [
+    {
+      'type': 'directory-remap',
+      'name': '//root/a',
+      'external-contents': '//root/b'
+    }
+  ]
+}
Index: clang/test/VFS/Inputs/redirect-and-fallthrough.yaml
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ clang/test/VFS/Inputs/redirect-and-fallthrough.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  'redirecting-with': 'fallthrough',
+  'fallthrough': true,
+  'roots': [
+    {
+      'type': 'directory-remap',
+      'name': '//root/a',
+      'external-contents': '//root/b'
+    }
+  ]
+}
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