nsivabalan commented on code in PR #6782:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/6782#discussion_r1072378625


##########
hudi-common/src/test/java/org/apache/hudi/common/functional/TestHoodieLogFormat.java:
##########
@@ -671,11 +658,188 @@ public void 
testBasicAppendAndScanMultipleFiles(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType
           ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
     }
 
-    assertEquals(scannedRecords.size(), 
allRecords.stream().mapToLong(Collection::size).sum(),
+    assertEquals(sort(genRecords), sort(scannedRecords),
         "Scanner records count should be the same as appended records");
     scanner.close();
   }
 
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("testArguments")
+  public void 
testBasicAppendAndPartialScanning(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType diskMapType,
+                                                boolean isCompressionEnabled,
+                                                boolean readBlocksLazily,
+                                                boolean useScanV2)
+      throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {
+    // Generate 3 delta-log files w/ random records
+    Schema schema = HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(getSimpleSchema());
+    List<IndexedRecord> genRecords = 
SchemaTestUtil.generateHoodieTestRecords(0, 300);
+
+    Set<HoodieLogFile> logFiles = writeLogFiles(partitionPath, schema, 
genRecords, 3);
+
+    FileCreateUtils.createDeltaCommit(basePath, "100", fs);
+
+    // scan all log blocks (across multiple log files)
+    HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner scanner = 
HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.newBuilder()
+        .withFileSystem(fs)
+        .withBasePath(basePath)
+        .withLogFilePaths(
+            logFiles.stream()
+                .map(logFile -> 
logFile.getPath().toString()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+        .withReaderSchema(schema)
+        .withLatestInstantTime("100")
+        .withMaxMemorySizeInBytes(1024L)
+        .withReadBlocksLazily(readBlocksLazily)
+        .withReverseReader(false)
+        .withBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .withSpillableMapBasePath(spillableBasePath)
+        .withDiskMapType(diskMapType)
+        .withBitCaskDiskMapCompressionEnabled(isCompressionEnabled)
+        .withUseScanV2(useScanV2)
+        
.withRecordMerger(HoodieRecordUtils.loadRecordMerger(HoodieAvroRecordMerger.class.getName()))
+        .withForceFullScan(false)
+        .build();
+
+    List<String> sampledRecordKeys = Arrays.asList(
+        "b190b1fb-392b-4ceb-932d-a72c906127c2",
+        "409e9ad3-5def-45e7-9180-ef579c1c220b",
+        "e6b31f1c-60a8-4577-acf5-7e8ea318b08b",
+        "0c477a9e-e602-4642-8e96-1cfd357b4ba0",
+        "ea076c17-32ae-4659-8caf-6ad538b4dd8d",
+        "7a943e09-3856-4874-83a1-8ee93e158f94",
+        "9cbff584-d8a4-4b05-868b-dc917d6cf841",
+        "bda0b0d8-0c56-43b0-89f9-e090d924586b",
+        "ee118fb3-69cb-4705-a8c4-88a18e8aa1b7",
+        "cb1fbe4d-06c3-4c9c-aea7-2665ffa8b205"
+    );
+
+    List<IndexedRecord> sampledRecords = genRecords.stream()
+        .filter(r -> sampledRecordKeys.contains(((GenericRecord) 
r).get(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD).toString()))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    //
+    // Step 1: Scan by a list of keys
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByFullKeys(sampledRecordKeys);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> scannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<IndexedRecord> scannedAvroRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      scannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+      scannedAvroRecords.add((IndexedRecord)
+          ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(sort(sampledRecords), sort(scannedAvroRecords));
+
+    //
+    // Step 2: Scan by the same list of keys (no new scanning should be 
performed,
+    //         in this case, and same _objects_ have to be returned)
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByFullKeys(sampledRecordKeys);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> newScannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      newScannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(scannedHoodieRecords.size(), newScannedHoodieRecords.size());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < scannedHoodieRecords.size(); ++i) {
+      assertSame(scannedHoodieRecords.get(i), newScannedHoodieRecords.get(i), 
"Objects have to be identical");
+    }
+
+    scanner.close();
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("testArguments")
+  public void 
testBasicAppendAndPartialScanningByKeyPrefixes(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType 
diskMapType,
+                                                             boolean 
isCompressionEnabled,
+                                                             boolean 
readBlocksLazily,
+                                                             boolean useScanV2)
+      throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {
+    // Generate 3 delta-log files w/ random records
+    Schema schema = HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(getSimpleSchema());
+    List<IndexedRecord> genRecords = 
SchemaTestUtil.generateHoodieTestRecords(0, 300);
+
+    Set<HoodieLogFile> logFiles = writeLogFiles(partitionPath, schema, 
genRecords, 3);
+
+    FileCreateUtils.createDeltaCommit(basePath, "100", fs);
+
+    // scan all log blocks (across multiple log files)
+    HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner scanner = 
HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.newBuilder()
+        .withFileSystem(fs)
+        .withBasePath(basePath)
+        .withLogFilePaths(
+            logFiles.stream()
+                .map(logFile -> 
logFile.getPath().toString()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+        .withReaderSchema(schema)
+        .withLatestInstantTime("100")
+        .withMaxMemorySizeInBytes(1024L)
+        .withReadBlocksLazily(readBlocksLazily)
+        .withReverseReader(false)
+        .withBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .withSpillableMapBasePath(spillableBasePath)
+        .withDiskMapType(diskMapType)
+        .withBitCaskDiskMapCompressionEnabled(isCompressionEnabled)
+        .withUseScanV2(useScanV2)
+        
.withRecordMerger(HoodieRecordUtils.loadRecordMerger(HoodieAvroRecordMerger.class.getName()))
+        .withForceFullScan(false)
+        .build();
+
+
+    List<String> sampledRecordKeys = Arrays.asList(
+        "00509b14-3d1a-4283-9a8c-c72b971a9d06",
+        "006b2f57-9bf7-4634-910c-c91542ea61e5",
+        "007fc45d-7ce2-45be-8765-0b9082412518",
+        "00826e50-73b4-4cb0-9d5a-375554d5e0f7"
+    );
+
+    List<IndexedRecord> sampledRecords = genRecords.stream()
+        .filter(r -> sampledRecordKeys.contains(((GenericRecord) 
r).get(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD).toString()))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    List<String> sampledKeyPrefixes = Collections.singletonList("00");
+
+    //
+    // Step 1: Scan by a list of keys
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByKeyPrefixes(sampledKeyPrefixes);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> scannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<IndexedRecord> scannedAvroRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      scannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+      scannedAvroRecords.add((IndexedRecord)
+          ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
+    }
+
+    //assertEquals(sort(sampledRecords), sort(scannedAvroRecords));
+
+    //
+    // Step 2: Scan by the same list of keys (no new scanning should be 
performed,
+    //         in this case, and same _objects_ have to be returned)
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByKeyPrefixes(sampledKeyPrefixes);

Review Comment:
   is it possible to test this flow.
   in call1, we do scanByKeyPrefixes("00","01")
   and in call2, we do  scanByKeyPrefixes("01","02","03")
   and in call2, we do scanByKeyPrefixes("00","02")
   
   also, how can we ensure call2 did not invoke actual scanning internally ? 
should we mock and verify the times an internal method is invoked? 
   



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/metadata/HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.metadata;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieAvroRecordMerger;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecord;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.InstantRange;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ExternalSpillableMap;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Metadata log-block records reading implementation, internally relying on
+ * {@link HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner} to merge corresponding Metadata 
Table's delta log-blocks
+ * sequence
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader implements Closeable {
+
+  private final HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner logRecordScanner;
+
+  private HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader(HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner 
logRecordScanner) {
+    this.logRecordScanner = logRecordScanner;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the builder for {@code HoodieMetadataMergedLogRecordScanner}.
+   */
+  public static HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> getRecords() {
+    // NOTE: Locking is necessary since we're accessing 
[[HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader]]
+    //       materialized state, to make sure there's no concurrent access
+    synchronized (this) {

Review Comment:
   can you file a follow up ticket to follow up on all these "synchronized". I 
feel we are doing some repeated synchronized in some of the code paths. may be 
we need to fix properly.



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/common/table/log/HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.java:
##########
@@ -108,30 +116,94 @@ protected HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner(FileSystem fs, 
String basePath, List<Stri
     }
   }
 
-  protected void performScan() {
+  /**
+   * Scans delta-log files processing blocks
+   */
+  public final void scan() {
+    scan(false);
+  }
+
+  public final void scan(boolean skipProcessingBlocks) {
+    if (forceFullScan) {
+      // NOTE: When full-scan is enforced, scanning is invoked upfront (during 
initialization)
+      return;
+    }
+
+    scanInternal(Option.empty(), skipProcessingBlocks);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides incremental scanning capability where only provided keys will be 
looked
+   * up in the delta-log files, scanned and subsequently materialized into the 
internal
+   * cache
+   *
+   * @param keys to be looked up
+   */
+  public void scanByFullKeys(List<String> keys) {
+    if (forceFullScan) {
+      return; // no-op
+    }
+
+    List<String> missingKeys = keys.stream()
+        .filter(key -> !records.containsKey(key))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    if (missingKeys.isEmpty()) {
+      // All the required records are already fetched, no-op
+      return;
+    }
+
+    scanInternal(Option.of(KeySpec.fullKeySpec(missingKeys)), false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides incremental scanning capability where only keys matching 
provided key-prefixes
+   * will be looked up in the delta-log files, scanned and subsequently 
materialized into
+   * the internal cache
+   *
+   * @param keyPrefixes to be looked up
+   */
+  public void scanByKeyPrefixes(List<String> keyPrefixes) {
+    if (forceFullScan || scannedPrefixes.containsAll(keyPrefixes)) {
+      // We can skip scanning in following 2 cases
+      //    - Reader is in full-scan mode, in which case all blocks are 
processed
+      //    upfront (no additional scanning is necessary)
+      //    - When same prefixes had already been handled
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: When looking up by key-prefixes unfortunately we can't 
short-circuit
+    //       and will have to scan every time as we can't know (based on just
+    //       the records cached) whether particular prefix was scanned or just 
records
+    //       matching the prefix looked up (by [[scanByFullKeys]] API)
+    scanInternal(Option.of(KeySpec.prefixKeySpec(keyPrefixes)), false);

Review Comment:
   why do we have to pass in all keyPrefixes everytime? can you help me 
understand.



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/metadata/HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.metadata;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieAvroRecordMerger;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecord;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.InstantRange;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ExternalSpillableMap;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Metadata log-block records reading implementation, internally relying on
+ * {@link HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner} to merge corresponding Metadata 
Table's delta log-blocks
+ * sequence
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader implements Closeable {
+
+  private final HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner logRecordScanner;
+
+  private HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader(HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner 
logRecordScanner) {
+    this.logRecordScanner = logRecordScanner;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the builder for {@code HoodieMetadataMergedLogRecordScanner}.
+   */
+  public static HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> getRecords() {
+    // NOTE: Locking is necessary since we're accessing 
[[HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader]]
+    //       materialized state, to make sure there's no concurrent access
+    synchronized (this) {
+      logRecordScanner.scan();
+      return logRecordScanner.getRecords().values()
+          .stream()
+          .map(record -> (HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>) record)
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> 
getRecordsByKeyPrefixes(List<String> keyPrefixes) {
+    if (keyPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: Locking is necessary since we're accessing 
[[HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader]]
+    //       materialized state, to make sure there's no concurrent access
+    synchronized (this) {
+      logRecordScanner.scanByKeyPrefixes(keyPrefixes);
+      Map<String, HoodieRecord> allRecords = logRecordScanner.getRecords();
+
+      Predicate<String> p = createPrefixMatchingPredicate(keyPrefixes);
+      return allRecords.entrySet()
+          .stream()
+          .filter(r -> r != null && p.test(r.getKey()))
+          .map(r -> (HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>) r.getValue())
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> 
getRecordsByKeys(List<String> keys) {

Review Comment:
   can we add java docs. do call out that this method will return only 
available records and may not return full list (for all keys passed in) 



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/metadata/HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.metadata;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieAvroRecordMerger;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecord;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.InstantRange;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ExternalSpillableMap;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * A {@code HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner} implementation which only merged 
records matching providing keys. This is
+ * useful in limiting memory usage when only a small subset of updates records 
are to be read.
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader implements Closeable {
+
+  private final HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner logRecordScanner;
+
+  private HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader(HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner 
logRecordScanner) {
+    this.logRecordScanner = logRecordScanner;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the builder for {@code HoodieMetadataMergedLogRecordScanner}.
+   */
+  public static HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> getRecords() {
+    // NOTE: Locking is necessary since we're accessing 
[[HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader]]
+    //       materialized state, to make sure there's no concurrent access
+    synchronized (this) {
+      logRecordScanner.scan();
+      return logRecordScanner.getRecords().values()
+          .stream()
+          .map(record -> (HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>) record)
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> 
getRecordsByKeyPrefixes(List<String> keyPrefixes) {
+    if (keyPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: Locking is necessary since we're accessing 
[[HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader]]
+    //       materialized state, to make sure there's no concurrent access
+    synchronized (this) {
+      logRecordScanner.scanByKeyPrefixes(keyPrefixes);
+      Map<String, HoodieRecord> allRecords = logRecordScanner.getRecords();
+
+      Predicate<String> p = createPrefixMatchingPredicate(keyPrefixes);
+      return allRecords.entrySet()
+          .stream()
+          .filter(r -> r != null && p.test(r.getKey()))

Review Comment:
   got it. makes sense



##########
hudi-common/src/test/java/org/apache/hudi/common/functional/TestHoodieLogFormat.java:
##########
@@ -671,11 +658,188 @@ public void 
testBasicAppendAndScanMultipleFiles(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType
           ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
     }
 
-    assertEquals(scannedRecords.size(), 
allRecords.stream().mapToLong(Collection::size).sum(),
+    assertEquals(sort(genRecords), sort(scannedRecords),
         "Scanner records count should be the same as appended records");
     scanner.close();
   }
 
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("testArguments")
+  public void 
testBasicAppendAndPartialScanning(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType diskMapType,
+                                                boolean isCompressionEnabled,
+                                                boolean readBlocksLazily,
+                                                boolean useScanV2)
+      throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {
+    // Generate 3 delta-log files w/ random records
+    Schema schema = HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(getSimpleSchema());
+    List<IndexedRecord> genRecords = 
SchemaTestUtil.generateHoodieTestRecords(0, 300);
+
+    Set<HoodieLogFile> logFiles = writeLogFiles(partitionPath, schema, 
genRecords, 3);
+
+    FileCreateUtils.createDeltaCommit(basePath, "100", fs);
+
+    // scan all log blocks (across multiple log files)
+    HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner scanner = 
HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.newBuilder()
+        .withFileSystem(fs)
+        .withBasePath(basePath)
+        .withLogFilePaths(
+            logFiles.stream()
+                .map(logFile -> 
logFile.getPath().toString()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+        .withReaderSchema(schema)
+        .withLatestInstantTime("100")
+        .withMaxMemorySizeInBytes(1024L)
+        .withReadBlocksLazily(readBlocksLazily)
+        .withReverseReader(false)
+        .withBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .withSpillableMapBasePath(spillableBasePath)
+        .withDiskMapType(diskMapType)
+        .withBitCaskDiskMapCompressionEnabled(isCompressionEnabled)
+        .withUseScanV2(useScanV2)
+        
.withRecordMerger(HoodieRecordUtils.loadRecordMerger(HoodieAvroRecordMerger.class.getName()))
+        .withForceFullScan(false)
+        .build();
+
+    List<String> sampledRecordKeys = Arrays.asList(
+        "b190b1fb-392b-4ceb-932d-a72c906127c2",
+        "409e9ad3-5def-45e7-9180-ef579c1c220b",
+        "e6b31f1c-60a8-4577-acf5-7e8ea318b08b",
+        "0c477a9e-e602-4642-8e96-1cfd357b4ba0",
+        "ea076c17-32ae-4659-8caf-6ad538b4dd8d",
+        "7a943e09-3856-4874-83a1-8ee93e158f94",
+        "9cbff584-d8a4-4b05-868b-dc917d6cf841",
+        "bda0b0d8-0c56-43b0-89f9-e090d924586b",
+        "ee118fb3-69cb-4705-a8c4-88a18e8aa1b7",
+        "cb1fbe4d-06c3-4c9c-aea7-2665ffa8b205"
+    );
+
+    List<IndexedRecord> sampledRecords = genRecords.stream()
+        .filter(r -> sampledRecordKeys.contains(((GenericRecord) 
r).get(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD).toString()))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    //
+    // Step 1: Scan by a list of keys
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByFullKeys(sampledRecordKeys);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> scannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<IndexedRecord> scannedAvroRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      scannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+      scannedAvroRecords.add((IndexedRecord)
+          ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(sort(sampledRecords), sort(scannedAvroRecords));
+
+    //
+    // Step 2: Scan by the same list of keys (no new scanning should be 
performed,
+    //         in this case, and same _objects_ have to be returned)
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByFullKeys(sampledRecordKeys);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> newScannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      newScannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(scannedHoodieRecords.size(), newScannedHoodieRecords.size());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < scannedHoodieRecords.size(); ++i) {
+      assertSame(scannedHoodieRecords.get(i), newScannedHoodieRecords.get(i), 
"Objects have to be identical");
+    }
+
+    scanner.close();
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("testArguments")
+  public void 
testBasicAppendAndPartialScanningByKeyPrefixes(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType 
diskMapType,
+                                                             boolean 
isCompressionEnabled,
+                                                             boolean 
readBlocksLazily,
+                                                             boolean useScanV2)
+      throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {
+    // Generate 3 delta-log files w/ random records
+    Schema schema = HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(getSimpleSchema());
+    List<IndexedRecord> genRecords = 
SchemaTestUtil.generateHoodieTestRecords(0, 300);
+
+    Set<HoodieLogFile> logFiles = writeLogFiles(partitionPath, schema, 
genRecords, 3);
+
+    FileCreateUtils.createDeltaCommit(basePath, "100", fs);
+
+    // scan all log blocks (across multiple log files)
+    HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner scanner = 
HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.newBuilder()
+        .withFileSystem(fs)
+        .withBasePath(basePath)
+        .withLogFilePaths(
+            logFiles.stream()
+                .map(logFile -> 
logFile.getPath().toString()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+        .withReaderSchema(schema)
+        .withLatestInstantTime("100")
+        .withMaxMemorySizeInBytes(1024L)
+        .withReadBlocksLazily(readBlocksLazily)
+        .withReverseReader(false)
+        .withBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .withSpillableMapBasePath(spillableBasePath)
+        .withDiskMapType(diskMapType)
+        .withBitCaskDiskMapCompressionEnabled(isCompressionEnabled)
+        .withUseScanV2(useScanV2)
+        
.withRecordMerger(HoodieRecordUtils.loadRecordMerger(HoodieAvroRecordMerger.class.getName()))
+        .withForceFullScan(false)
+        .build();
+
+
+    List<String> sampledRecordKeys = Arrays.asList(
+        "00509b14-3d1a-4283-9a8c-c72b971a9d06",
+        "006b2f57-9bf7-4634-910c-c91542ea61e5",
+        "007fc45d-7ce2-45be-8765-0b9082412518",
+        "00826e50-73b4-4cb0-9d5a-375554d5e0f7"
+    );
+
+    List<IndexedRecord> sampledRecords = genRecords.stream()
+        .filter(r -> sampledRecordKeys.contains(((GenericRecord) 
r).get(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD).toString()))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    List<String> sampledKeyPrefixes = Collections.singletonList("00");
+
+    //
+    // Step 1: Scan by a list of keys
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByKeyPrefixes(sampledKeyPrefixes);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> scannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<IndexedRecord> scannedAvroRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      scannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+      scannedAvroRecords.add((IndexedRecord)
+          ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
+    }
+
+    //assertEquals(sort(sampledRecords), sort(scannedAvroRecords));

Review Comment:
   why commented out ? 



##########
hudi-common/src/test/java/org/apache/hudi/common/functional/TestHoodieLogFormat.java:
##########
@@ -671,11 +658,188 @@ public void 
testBasicAppendAndScanMultipleFiles(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType
           ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
     }
 
-    assertEquals(scannedRecords.size(), 
allRecords.stream().mapToLong(Collection::size).sum(),
+    assertEquals(sort(genRecords), sort(scannedRecords),
         "Scanner records count should be the same as appended records");
     scanner.close();
   }
 
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("testArguments")
+  public void 
testBasicAppendAndPartialScanning(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType diskMapType,
+                                                boolean isCompressionEnabled,
+                                                boolean readBlocksLazily,
+                                                boolean useScanV2)
+      throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {
+    // Generate 3 delta-log files w/ random records
+    Schema schema = HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(getSimpleSchema());
+    List<IndexedRecord> genRecords = 
SchemaTestUtil.generateHoodieTestRecords(0, 300);
+
+    Set<HoodieLogFile> logFiles = writeLogFiles(partitionPath, schema, 
genRecords, 3);
+
+    FileCreateUtils.createDeltaCommit(basePath, "100", fs);
+
+    // scan all log blocks (across multiple log files)
+    HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner scanner = 
HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.newBuilder()
+        .withFileSystem(fs)
+        .withBasePath(basePath)
+        .withLogFilePaths(
+            logFiles.stream()
+                .map(logFile -> 
logFile.getPath().toString()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+        .withReaderSchema(schema)
+        .withLatestInstantTime("100")
+        .withMaxMemorySizeInBytes(1024L)
+        .withReadBlocksLazily(readBlocksLazily)
+        .withReverseReader(false)
+        .withBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .withSpillableMapBasePath(spillableBasePath)
+        .withDiskMapType(diskMapType)
+        .withBitCaskDiskMapCompressionEnabled(isCompressionEnabled)
+        .withUseScanV2(useScanV2)
+        
.withRecordMerger(HoodieRecordUtils.loadRecordMerger(HoodieAvroRecordMerger.class.getName()))
+        .withForceFullScan(false)
+        .build();
+
+    List<String> sampledRecordKeys = Arrays.asList(
+        "b190b1fb-392b-4ceb-932d-a72c906127c2",
+        "409e9ad3-5def-45e7-9180-ef579c1c220b",
+        "e6b31f1c-60a8-4577-acf5-7e8ea318b08b",
+        "0c477a9e-e602-4642-8e96-1cfd357b4ba0",
+        "ea076c17-32ae-4659-8caf-6ad538b4dd8d",
+        "7a943e09-3856-4874-83a1-8ee93e158f94",
+        "9cbff584-d8a4-4b05-868b-dc917d6cf841",
+        "bda0b0d8-0c56-43b0-89f9-e090d924586b",
+        "ee118fb3-69cb-4705-a8c4-88a18e8aa1b7",
+        "cb1fbe4d-06c3-4c9c-aea7-2665ffa8b205"
+    );
+
+    List<IndexedRecord> sampledRecords = genRecords.stream()
+        .filter(r -> sampledRecordKeys.contains(((GenericRecord) 
r).get(HoodieRecord.RECORD_KEY_METADATA_FIELD).toString()))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    //
+    // Step 1: Scan by a list of keys
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByFullKeys(sampledRecordKeys);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> scannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    List<IndexedRecord> scannedAvroRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      scannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+      scannedAvroRecords.add((IndexedRecord)
+          ((HoodieAvroRecord) record).getData().getInsertValue(schema).get());
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(sort(sampledRecords), sort(scannedAvroRecords));
+
+    //
+    // Step 2: Scan by the same list of keys (no new scanning should be 
performed,
+    //         in this case, and same _objects_ have to be returned)
+    //
+
+    scanner.scanByFullKeys(sampledRecordKeys);
+
+    List<HoodieRecord> newScannedHoodieRecords = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (HoodieRecord record : scanner) {
+      newScannedHoodieRecords.add(record);
+    }
+
+    assertEquals(scannedHoodieRecords.size(), newScannedHoodieRecords.size());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < scannedHoodieRecords.size(); ++i) {
+      assertSame(scannedHoodieRecords.get(i), newScannedHoodieRecords.get(i), 
"Objects have to be identical");
+    }
+
+    scanner.close();
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @MethodSource("testArguments")
+  public void 
testBasicAppendAndPartialScanningByKeyPrefixes(ExternalSpillableMap.DiskMapType 
diskMapType,
+                                                             boolean 
isCompressionEnabled,
+                                                             boolean 
readBlocksLazily,
+                                                             boolean useScanV2)
+      throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {
+    // Generate 3 delta-log files w/ random records
+    Schema schema = HoodieAvroUtils.addMetadataFields(getSimpleSchema());
+    List<IndexedRecord> genRecords = 
SchemaTestUtil.generateHoodieTestRecords(0, 300);
+
+    Set<HoodieLogFile> logFiles = writeLogFiles(partitionPath, schema, 
genRecords, 3);
+
+    FileCreateUtils.createDeltaCommit(basePath, "100", fs);
+
+    // scan all log blocks (across multiple log files)
+    HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner scanner = 
HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.newBuilder()
+        .withFileSystem(fs)
+        .withBasePath(basePath)
+        .withLogFilePaths(
+            logFiles.stream()
+                .map(logFile -> 
logFile.getPath().toString()).collect(Collectors.toList()))
+        .withReaderSchema(schema)
+        .withLatestInstantTime("100")
+        .withMaxMemorySizeInBytes(1024L)
+        .withReadBlocksLazily(readBlocksLazily)
+        .withReverseReader(false)
+        .withBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .withSpillableMapBasePath(spillableBasePath)
+        .withDiskMapType(diskMapType)
+        .withBitCaskDiskMapCompressionEnabled(isCompressionEnabled)
+        .withUseScanV2(useScanV2)
+        
.withRecordMerger(HoodieRecordUtils.loadRecordMerger(HoodieAvroRecordMerger.class.getName()))
+        .withForceFullScan(false)
+        .build();
+
+
+    List<String> sampledRecordKeys = Arrays.asList(
+        "00509b14-3d1a-4283-9a8c-c72b971a9d06",

Review Comment:
   is it not possible to generate the list dynamically. would prefer to avoid 
hard coded keys/records. may be while generating the records, is it possible to 
dictate some prefix. 



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/common/table/log/HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.java:
##########
@@ -108,30 +116,94 @@ protected HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner(FileSystem fs, 
String basePath, List<Stri
     }
   }
 
-  protected void performScan() {
+  /**
+   * Scans delta-log files processing blocks
+   */
+  public final void scan() {
+    scan(false);
+  }
+
+  public final void scan(boolean skipProcessingBlocks) {
+    if (forceFullScan) {
+      // NOTE: When full-scan is enforced, scanning is invoked upfront (during 
initialization)
+      return;
+    }
+
+    scanInternal(Option.empty(), skipProcessingBlocks);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides incremental scanning capability where only provided keys will be 
looked
+   * up in the delta-log files, scanned and subsequently materialized into the 
internal
+   * cache
+   *
+   * @param keys to be looked up
+   */
+  public void scanByFullKeys(List<String> keys) {
+    if (forceFullScan) {
+      return; // no-op
+    }
+
+    List<String> missingKeys = keys.stream()
+        .filter(key -> !records.containsKey(key))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    if (missingKeys.isEmpty()) {
+      // All the required records are already fetched, no-op
+      return;
+    }
+
+    scanInternal(Option.of(KeySpec.fullKeySpec(missingKeys)), false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Provides incremental scanning capability where only keys matching 
provided key-prefixes
+   * will be looked up in the delta-log files, scanned and subsequently 
materialized into
+   * the internal cache
+   *
+   * @param keyPrefixes to be looked up
+   */
+  public void scanByKeyPrefixes(List<String> keyPrefixes) {
+    if (forceFullScan || scannedPrefixes.containsAll(keyPrefixes)) {
+      // We can skip scanning in following 2 cases
+      //    - Reader is in full-scan mode, in which case all blocks are 
processed
+      //    upfront (no additional scanning is necessary)
+      //    - When same prefixes had already been handled
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: When looking up by key-prefixes unfortunately we can't 
short-circuit
+    //       and will have to scan every time as we can't know (based on just
+    //       the records cached) whether particular prefix was scanned or just 
records
+    //       matching the prefix looked up (by [[scanByFullKeys]] API)
+    scanInternal(Option.of(KeySpec.prefixKeySpec(keyPrefixes)), false);

Review Comment:
   I am not sure I get this. for eg, if in call1, we called 
scanByKeyPrefixes({"a","b","c"}), in subsequent call, if 
scanByKeyPrefixes({"b","d"}) is made, wouldn't it suffice to just call 
scanInternal("d") ignoring "b" since we have already completed the prefix 
lookup for "b" from previous call (which is cached in "scannedPrefixes") 



##########
hudi-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/metadata/HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hudi.metadata;
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieAvroRecordMerger;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieRecord;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.table.log.InstantRange;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.Option;
+import org.apache.hudi.common.util.collection.ExternalSpillableMap;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * A {@code HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner} implementation which only merged 
records matching providing keys. This is
+ * useful in limiting memory usage when only a small subset of updates records 
are to be read.
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader implements Closeable {
+
+  private final HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner logRecordScanner;
+
+  private HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader(HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner 
logRecordScanner) {
+    this.logRecordScanner = logRecordScanner;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the builder for {@code HoodieMetadataMergedLogRecordScanner}.
+   */
+  public static HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder newBuilder() {
+    return new HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader.Builder();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public List<HoodieRecord<HoodieMetadataPayload>> getRecords() {
+    // NOTE: Locking is necessary since we're accessing 
[[HoodieMetadataLogRecordReader]]
+    //       materialized state, to make sure there's no concurrent access
+    synchronized (this) {
+      logRecordScanner.scan();

Review Comment:
   so, within HoodieMergedLogRecordScanner.scan(boolean skipProcessingBlocks), 
we guard using forceFullScan. so any subsequent calls is a no-op. Is my 
understanding right ?



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