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<A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Cyprus/8815/Khazars.html">The
Khazars</A>
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DID MODERN JEWS DESCEND FROM KHAZARS?
Many anti-Semites complain that modern Jews are not the Biblical Jews
but are descended from the Khazars. The Khazars converted to Judaism and
thus modern day Jews, it is claimed, are imposters who have no claim on
the Land of Israel, Eretz Yisrael. This claim will be discussed in the
following sections.
It is also interesting to note that the same anti-Semites who complain
about the alleged contents of the Talmud, which was completed no later
than 500 C.E. also claim that the Jews of today are "self-styled Jews"
descended from the Khazars who converted to Judaism in 740 C.E. Some
even claim that the "true" descendants of the Biblical Jews are the
modern day "Aryans". So according to this "logic" the Talmud which they
complain about would actually be an "Aryan" book and not that of the
modern Jews!
Its difficult to see how they can reconcile these two seemingly
contradictory positions.
David S. Maddison([EMAIL PROTECTED])
RESPONSE (1)
THE HISTORICAL EVIDENCE
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Jewish Filth Taking Over the World
Date: 7 Aug 1998 01:51:14 GMT
Message-ID: ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
As for Ashkenazim being Khazars, for one thing there were Jews on the
Rhine (who came with the Romans) long before there was a Khazaria and
even before many Germanic tribes settled there. In fact, the word
Ashkenaz means Germany in Hebrew. Second, even if a group of Khazars
abandoned their own homeland and adopted Jewish peoplehood by conversion
it still doesn't negate their right to the land of Israel. Even Moses's
wives weren't born Hebrews and Ruth the Moabitess was a convert (see
Book of Ruth). Unlike the Germans, membership in the Jewish peoplehood
is not based soley on blood.
RESPONSE (2)
DESCENDED FROM KHAZARS?
The following article addresses the issues of the Khazars with reference
to a particular anti-Semitic film where the same claim is made.
>From "The Other Israel - Is it Really Accurate", 1990 Dennis Green,
Stuart Hayward, Phillip Woodfield Opposition to Anti-Semitism,
Incorporated, Christchurch, New Zealand.
In the film, Ted Pike makes the assertion (as have most anti-Semitic
groups, including the Nazis) that the Jews of European origin, the
"Askhenazim" (who comprise almost 80% of today's Jewry), are actually
descended from a medieval people called the Khazars, who converted to
Judaism in the 8th century. The logic of the argument goes something
like this; if 80% of all the Jews in tile world are not really Jews,
then, firstly, these Jews have absolutely no claim, biblical or
otherwise, to the Land of Israel. Secondly, these Jews are in no way the
people of God, and thus, have no place in the promises or plans of God.
Thirdly, if the vast majority of present-day Jews are not Jews
(therefore, not Semitic) at all, then it cannot be considered
"anti-Semitic" to oppose them.
Pike states that 'Today, the Askhenazim, or Khazars, form the majority,
Around 80 %, of those who call themselves Jews." He claims that the
Mongols drove the Khazar-jews into Germany, Poland and Russia in the
13th century, and that these, not "real" Jews, are the people who now
make up most of the population of Israel. Quite simply, this is not
true, as the basic analysis below will show.
The Khazars were a confederation of Turkish tribes who established a
major commercial empire in the second half of the 6th century. As a
trading nation, they were faced with a dilemma; tile Christians would
not trade freely with Muslim nations, and the Muslim nations would not
trade freely with the Christian nations. The Khazars did not want to be
recognized as being more partial to one faith than the other. Therefore,
around 740 C.E., King Bulan adopted Judaism, and thus, as a "neutral"
people, the Khazars could trade more freely with both the Christian and
Muslim nations that bordered Khazaria. It should be noted, however, that
it was only the "ruling class" that adopted Judaism, not the general
Khazar population, as Ted Pike and the other anti-Semites claim (1).
These Khazar-Jews had little, if any, contact with the central Jewish
organisation in Iraq, or with the Jews who still lived in Palestine (as
the Romans had renamed the province of Judea in 135 C.E.). These
Khazar-jews had, in fact, closer links with the (Christian) Byzantine
Empire, as can been seen by the fact that several Byzantine emperors,
including Justinian II (704) and Constantine V (732), had Khazarian
wives.
By the 10th century the Khazar empire, faced with the growing strength
of the Pechenegs to their north and west, and of the Russians around
Kiev, suffered a decline. Khazar power was crushed in 965 when the ruler
of Kiev, Svyatoslav, launched a harsh military campaign against them.
Many Khazars, including some of those who had converted to Judaism,
moved into Bohemia, Russia, Germany, and the Ukraine.
The main error with Pike's argument is his belief that the Khazar-jews
are the ancestors of all those Jews who have lived in Northern or
Eastern Europe, and therefore, the Askhenazim (Jews of European origin)
are not really Jews at all. This argument can be demolished very simply,
by showing that there were very large Jewish communities in Northern and
Eastern Europe before the Khazar-Jews arrived there, and that these
(with perhaps a tiny percentage of Khazar-jews) are the ancestors of the
Askhenazim. Thus, these Jews are clearly descended from the Jews of the
Bible.
The first Jews to reach Germany were merchants who went there in the
wake of the Roman legions, and settled in the Roman-founded Rhine towns.
The earliest detailed record of a Jewish community in Germany, referring
to Cologne, is found in imperial decrees issued in 321 and 331 C.E. (2)
There were Jews in Russia from the first centuries C.E., although
numbers there were small for several centuries. However, Jews emigrated
to the Caucasus and beyond, and formed countless communities, at the
time of the wars between the Muslims and Persians during the 7th
century.(3)
Jews arrived in Pannonia (Yugoslavia) and Romania in the Third
Century(4), and in Hungary not long after. France also had large numbers
of Jews living there from an early period; Objects identified as Jewish
because of the menorah portrayed on them have been discovered around
Arles (first, fourth and early fifth centuries) and Bordeaux and the
neighboring region (third and early fourth centuries) Evidence of Jewish
communities is abundant from 465 onwards.
Jews were, of course, living in all Mediterranean countries for many
centuries B.C.E. and, as has been shown, were living in most other
European lands from a very early period. Thus, the claim of Ted Pike
(and most other anti-Semitic groups) that the European Jews are from
Khazar stock, falls flat on its face. There may be a tiny minority of
present-day Jews who are descended from Khazar-Jews, but almost all
European Jews are descended directly from the Jews of the Bible.
(1) Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 10, col. 944
(2) Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 7, col. 458
(3) Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 14, col. 433
(4) Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 16, col. 868
RESPONSE (3)
WHO IS A JEW?
This is also an exract of an article that addresses the lies presented
in the anti-Semitic video "The Other Israel". David S. Maddison
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
The video alleges that the Ashkenazim are Khazars and only the Sephardim
are authentic Jews. In other words, that the majority of Jews in thhe
world today are descended from a heathen, nomad people from central
Asia, and not from Abraham.
In support of this contention it states that Jewish missionaries went to
Khazaria and as a result the king was converted in A.D. 740 and Rabbinic
Judaism became the state religion. It is averred that by the 10th
century the Khazari people had convinced themselves that they were
descended from Abraham, that they settled in Poland, and that they were
the Polish Jews from whom the Ashkenazim, who make up the greater part
of Jewry today, were descended. There is enough truth in this assertion
to make it seem plausible but unfortunately it flies against the facts.
The Jews who went to Khazaria did not go as missionaries, in the sense
that we send out miissionaries today. When the Moslems overan Babylon,
the Jews were either expelled or freed to pay half their produce as
tribute (13), and when Leo became the Byzantine Emperor one of the
measures he passed was for the compulsory conversion of all Jews to
Christianity. As a result of these persecutions many Jews from Persia
and Greece went to Khazaria to live.(2,3)
In about A.D.700 the Khazar king was converted to Islam and later to
Judaism. A later king, Obadiah, greatly strengthened Judaism, inviting
rabbis into his Kingdom and building synagogues. Their Judaism - limited
no doubt in any case to a comparitively small group (only the king, his
attendants and the Khazars of his kind) - was always superficial and
they were liable to relapse into paganism. They became what could best
be called Judaized Turks. Religious toleration was maintained for the
Kingdom's 300 years, with clear traces of Christianity being found among
them for the whole historical period. The predominating element in the
country were the Muslims, and they formed the royal army(3). In the 10th
century, "probably in 965, Khazar leaders appealed to a neighbouring
Islamic state for help against invasion but were told that the price of
assistance was Khazaria's conversion to Islam. According to Muslim
historians the kingdom that had embraced Judaism around 740 suddenly
abandoned it less than two and a half centuries later. But this did not
save them and by the end of the eleventh century the Khazar empire was
no more."(1) There are persistent references to the Khazars as Muslims
after A.D. 965(3).
To encourage their own people, Jewish writers have tended to exaggerate
the importance of the Khazar conversions to Judaism, leaving out
unpalatable facts. The smallest group among the Khazars were the Jews,
most of them being Muslims and Christians. The king and his court were
Jews for much of their 300 years history and because religious
toleration was maintained many persecuted Jews fled there. The fact is
that rather than convince themselves by the 10th century that they were
Jews descended from Abraham, they found it expedient to convert to
Islam.
On the linguistic side, well known Turcologist, A.N.Poliak, regards the
Karaite Jews in Poland and the Crimea as the principal present-day
representatives of the ancient Khazars, (Karaitism is a minor sect of
Judaism quite distinct from mainstream Judaisni) and 'investigations
have tended to establish the absence of western influences in Yiddish,
though on the other hand affinities with German dialects of the east and
south-east have been indicated.'(3)
This is not to say that the occasional occurrence of a fair, light
skinned, eastern European Jew doesn't indicate the possibility of some
admixture of Khazar blood. However from the thirteenth century there
came a great movement across the face of Europe, which was to continue
for the next four centuries, to the hospitable lands of Poland and
Lithuania.(5)' 'For long generations, therefore, Poland continued to
appear in the light of a land of promise for the Jews of northern
Europe, and to receive a perpetual accession of new settlers - refugees
escaping from massacre, young men seeking opportunity, merchants from as
far afield as Italy or the Balkans. In 1500, the number of Jews in the
country is estimated to have been only 50,000 souls; a century and a
half later, it had risen to half a million. ...so from the beginning of
the sixteenth century the overwhelming mass if Askenazic Jewry, the
remants of the communities of medieval england and France and Germanym
with others from further afield - became concentrated in Poland abd the
surrounding Slavonic territories. It is from them that the majority of
the Jews in the world today are descended." (4).
REFERENCES
(1) Abba Eban, (1984). Heritage, Civilisation and the Jews
(2) Martin Gilbert, (1969). Jewish History Atlas
(3) D.M. Dunlop, (1987). The History of the Jewish Khazars
(4) Cecil Roth, (1970). A History of the Jews
(5) Chaim Bermant, (1977). The Jews
(13) David J. Goldberg and John D. Rayner, (1987). The Jewish
People,Their History and Their Religion.
RESPONSE 4
THE GENETIC EVIDENCE
Apart from the historical evidence proving that a vast majority of
present-day Jews did not descend from the Khazars, there is now also
genetic evidence. Among the Jews there is the class of priests called
Cohanim who served in the Temple and who now carry surnames such as
"Cohen" and many variations on that name. Cohanim comprise of about 5%
of the male Jewish population. There are strict rules of marriage for
the Cohanim and the title is only passed through the male line. Also,
converts cannot become Cohanim (but their children will be if they have
a Cohen as a father). The priestly line is descended directly from the
Aaron of the bible so it is expected that all Cohanim would carry some
common genetic features.
In recently published work (1) it was found that 54% of self-identified
Cohanim had common genetic features that were revealed by analysis of
their DNA. Specifically, a component of the Y-chromosone, an allele YAP+
DYS19, was identified that showed up only 1.5% of the time in Cohanim
but 18.4% of the time in a random selection of non-Cohanim Jews and
there were other genetic differences apparent as well. (The same
differences were apparent for both Sepphardic and Askhenazic Jews also
proving a common origin pre-dating a later split between the two
groups.)
The large number of Cohanim among present-day Jews and the fact that
they have a common genetic lineage traceable to Israel at the time of
the Temple, demonstrates that modern Jews come from a population pool
derived from Israel and not from the Khazars. The Khazars could not have
developed their own lineage of Cohanim anyway, since being a Cohen is a
male-inherited status which converts (the Khazars) could not have
obtained.
(1) Skorecki K; Selig S; Blazer S; Bradman R; Bradman N; Waburton PJ;
Ismajlowicz M; Hammer MF (1997) Y chromosomes of Jewish priests. Nature,
385:32.
David S. Maddison([EMAIL PROTECTED])
-----
Aloha, He'Ping,
Om, Shalom, Salaam.
Em Hotep, Peace Be,
Omnia Bona Bonis,
All My Relations.
Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
Amen.
Roads End
Kris
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