-Caveat Lector-
In a message dated 99-10-15 12:38:00 EDT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
> The most intriguing proposal I've seen is that they were colonists from the
>Indus Valley (Mohenjo-Daro) civilization--there is definite evidence of trade
>contact, and it's not too much of a stretch to visualize an expedition
>traveling along the coast of the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf from India to
>Mesopotamia.
A possibility, yes -- but then the question is, Whence the INDUS culture?
LOL
You might enjoy reading the following:
Subject: Sumer Indus Valley Relations
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Sat, 09 Aug 1997 09:21:46 -0600
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sumer -Indus Valley Civilization relations revealed through Sumerian
language and contemporary literature of both countries
Below are given two tables containing common words in Sumerian and current
Hindi languages as found in Sumerian dictionary Vol. A, Parts I & II
(Published by University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia , U.S.A.). Page
no. of Dictionary , Sumerian word, its meaning , Hindi word and its
meaning, are given. Sumer and Indus Valley Civilization were contemporary
civilizations belonging to fourth and third millennium B.C. Study of Indus
Valley Civilization reveals an intimate contact between the two resulting
in borrowing of words from the other language and reference to the other’s
history and beliefs in contemporary literature. With a view to finding
out words of which particular language were found in Sumerian language in
order to determine the language of Indus Valley Civilization , the
Sumerian dictionary mentioned above was consulted. It was found that about
70 current words of Hindi, the predominant language of North India, which
also includes the then area of Indus Valley Civilization, were there in
the above parts of the Dictionary. It may be noted that some words are
the same, some have a slightly different pronunciation, some words are
varying in meaning. This confirms that the words were adopted by one
language from the other, and as they are still spoken in India it implies
that they were taken from India. In the other volumes of the Dictionary as
and when published we may find on this basis more than 2000 words from
Hindi still spoken in India. Sumerian Language was deciphered from the
bilingual inscription, one of whose script was Armaic, which was
inexpressive of various sounds and very poor in vowels. Since it was not
able to express many sounds and there were less vowels or indications of
they way a word is to be pronounced, the pronunciations may be actually
those which are still pronounced in India. It may also be noted that the
determinative, represented by ‘a’ or ‘ab’ before each word in Sumerian
language was generally not pronounced and the spoken word should be taken
as without the determinative. It may also be noted that not a word of
either Sanskrit, Tamil or other Dravidian languages, which are hot
favourites for being the spoken language of Indus Valley Civilization, are
found in the Sumerian Dictionary . This points to Hindi being the spoken
language of Indus Valley Civilization.
References in contemporary literature:- Name of Marduk, pronounced
Mardeek, is found in Rigveda- 4.18.12 . Sumerian language mentions a
powerful king of Indu, the ancient as well as present name of India(
Hindu), ‘Lugal-ki-indu-ka’,S.P.Coll. 9A4 and S.P.Coll. 10.5. Study will
reveal more such references.
(This is based on my paper, ‘Language of Indus Valley Civilization
-Was it Hindi’ , published in The Organiser, New Delhi , dated 20-4-1997.)
SUMERIAN DICTIONARY
Volume A- part I
Common Words in Sumerian and Hindi /Sanskrit languages
S.No/PageNo./Sumerian/Word/Meaning/Hindi/Sanskrit/Word/Meaning/Written in
Hindi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
1/3/a-du-ga/Sweet Water/Dudh/milk/
2/3/a-kum/Hot water/garm/hot/
3/5/a-tal/Broad Water/tal,talab/tank/
4/6/a-da-ri/lasting water/adri/rain cloud/
5/6/a-he-gal-la/abundant water/hagla, sagla, sajal, jalwa/all, all, with
water well/
6/12/a-dadag/clean water/tadag/tank/
7/20/a-nam-ti-la/water of life/amrit/water of life/
8/50/a-bar-ra/adopted child/tabar/child/
9/52/a-da-ab, a-dab/a musical instrument/dhab/a musical instrument/
10/68/a-ga, igi/rear, back, back room, front/age/front/
11/70/a-ga-am/swamp, marsh reed lagoon/agam/ place where one cannot go/
12/75/a-a-gu-la/great waters, flood, flooding/kulya, kula/river/
13/78/a-gar-gar/dropping, dung (sheep, gazelle)/gobar/dung/
14/82/dug-a-gi-a dug-aga/a vessel/donga, dongi/Vessel boat/
15/83/a-gi-a-um/a garment/angian, janghian/garment of upper body, garment
of lower body/
16/87/a-gi-uru/high tide/jwar/high tide/
17/93/a-gur-ra/vessel for pouring water/gurha/pot for water/
18/93/dug-a-gur-ra/vessel for pouring water/dukda/vessel used in feasts/
19/103/a-la, a-a-la/a metal object, part of metal object, a device for
hoisting water/ala/instrument, tool/
20/114/a-mah/massive water, flood/meh/rain cloud /
21/124/dug-a-nag dug-a-na-na/vessel for drinking water/donga/vessel for
keeping foodstuff/
22/135/a-ra/a wooden object/ara/spokes of a wheel/
23/140/a-ra-zu/pray, please, at your service(a term expressing obedience,
submission), prayer (to god),supplication intercession. /Archa/prayer/
24/153/a-ri/enemy/ari/enemy/
25/32/a-a (pronounced aia)/father/arya/respectful address/
26/33/ama/mother/amma/mother/
27/100/nagar/carpenter/jangarh/carpenter/
SUMERIAN DICTIONARY
VOLUME A- PART II
Common Words in Sumerian and Hindi/Sanskrit LANGUAGES
S.no/page no/Sumerian Word/Meaning/Hindi/Sanskrit word/Meaning/Written in
Hindi script
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
1/4/a-tu-lu, (tu-ul)/to let one’s arm be slack, to become inactive/Jhool,
thool/to hang, to become slack/
2/10/a-bar/the outer side of wall/baRH/boundary wall/
3/10/a-mah/great power huge strength/maha/great, huge/
4/12/a-le-um-ma/side board
(a part of the plough) /hal, langal/plough/
5/29/a-u-zal-le da/day-break/ujala, usha/light dawn/
6/30/a-ag-ga/(issued)order, decree(given)instruction, command/agya/orders
command decree/
7/37/ki-a-ag-ga/place where orders/decrees are issued/agar/hall/
8/46/a-bulug/hole,nook/bil/hole made by mouse/
9/41/a-an-kar/a weapon/ankush/a weapon also used in controlling elephants/
10/45/a-bad/cover, protection, shelter/badh/outer wall to protect cattle,
boundary wall/
11/48/a-dam, a-da-am, a-dam, a-dam/habitation settlement(and its
inhabitants)/dham/habitations, settlements including inhabitants/
12/57/a-ma-al am-ma-al-la/mighty, able, capable/malla/mighty, powerful/
13/65/a-gid-da/spear/gada/mace, club/
14/69/a-gu-sar ra/path, road/sadhak/road/
15/99/a-sikil/pure/shukla/pure, white/
16/100/a-bi-se/now, this moment/abhee/now this moment/
17/102/a-sita/equipment, implement of agriculture/sita/part of plough ,
furrow/
18/110/a-tir/wings/teer/arrow/
19/120/a-zi-da, a-si-da/right arm , right side/sidha/right side, right
arm, right leg/
20/129/a-ab-ba/father, old man, elder/abba, baap bapu/father, elder/
21/133/ab-ba/1.body of water sea, lake (in general) 2. sea (as a
geographical term)/aap aab jal/water (Di-jala, Tigris)/
22/172/ab-subur/an animal, pig?/Suvar/pig/
23/12/pirig/lion/mrig/Lion,(but now used for stag)/
24/21/bahar/potter/kumhar/potter/
25/21/dub-ba/basket/dubba/basket, box/
26/48/uru/city, town/pur/city, town /
27/49/u-dagal-la/sunlight/ujala/light/
28/56/a-gab-bu/left/khabba, khabbu/left, left handed/
29/56/igi/front/age/front/
30/67/uz/goat/aja/goat/
31/69/a-gu-zi-ga/early morning/usha,ujala/morning light/
32/88/tir/tree/taru/tree/
33/109/tarah (dara)/ibex/dhor/domesticated animals/
34/100/ma-gur/boat/magar/crocodile/
35/109/mas/goat/mesh/ram with broad tail/
36/122/Dur/male donkey/khar, gardh-abh, gadha-ha /male donkey/
37/157/gun-a/multicoloured/guna/multiply/
38/164/si-absi/cow-horn, horn/seeng/horn/
39/181/ku-ra-ka/netherworld/narak/hell/
40/159/Gu/ox/gau (ga-oo)/cow/
Will the above common words of Sumerian and Indus Valley languages
help in better understanding of the intimate relations between Sumer and
Indus Valley ? Will it help in a greater understanding of the
pronunciation of the Sumerian words specially those which are of Hindi
origin ? Will it also help in persuading some Institutions or scholars in
undertaking research in finding out all the common Hindi words in the
whole of the Sumerian language still spoken in India and publishing them ?
If so then I have no objection if somebody displays them on their Server
for a permanent display so that those interested may consult them.
Will some learned scholar send me these common words written in the
Sumerian script in all its variety i.e. script of the Uruk period, of the
Jemdetnasr period and later classical Sumerian (linear) but pre-Cuneiform
script ? About a third of the signs of Sumerian script and Indus script
are identical and my idea is to substitute these common signs with the
common words and see if we can make out an understandable reading of the
illusive Indus script. Probably that may be the only way in which we may
read the Indus script. If we get the names of some of the Sumerian gods
or kings so much the better for Sumerian studies.
I am also interested in knowing the name of the street in ancient
Sumerian cities named after the Indus people residing there. At present we
do not know the name by which the Indus valley was called nor the name of
its principal cities. Obviously the street must have been named after the
country or the city from where they came. So we will know the name of the
country and the legends may make up the rest of the history.
G.S.Gupta
11.kha.1,Jyotinagar,
Jaipur - 302005
India.
e-mail - [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date : August 9, 1997
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