On Sat, Nov 22, 2025 at 4:49 AM Steve Loughran <[email protected]> wrote:

> First, sorry: I think I accidentally marked as done the comment in the doc
> about x86 performance.
>

No worries, I restored the thread :).

Those x86 numbers are critical, especially AVX512 in a recent intel part.
> There's a notorious feature in the early ones where the cores would reduce
> frequency after you used the opcodes as a way of managing die temperature (
> https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56852812/simd-instructions-lowering-cpu-frequency
> ); the later ones and AMD models are the ones to worry about.
>

We did collect performance numbers in our early prototype and they looked
good on x86 hardware. Though I didn't check the processor family.
In our arrow implementation we are also working on a comprehensive
benchmarking script which will help everyone run it on different CPU
families to get a good idea of performance.

Best
Prateek


> On Sat, 22 Nov 2025 at 04:15, Prateek Gaur via dev <[email protected]>
> wrote:
>
>> Hi team,
>>
>> *ALP ---> ALP PeudoDecimal*
>>
>> As is visible from the numbers above and as stated in the paper too for
>> real double values, i.e the values with high precision points, it is very
>> difficult to get a good compression ratio.
>>
>> This combined with the fact that we want to keep the spec/implementation
>> simpler, stating Antoine directly here
>>
>> `*2. Do not include the ALPrd fallback which is a homegrown dictionary*
>>
>> *encoding without dictionary reuse accross pages, and instead rely on
>> awell-known Parquet encoding (such as BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT?)*`
>>
>> Also based on some discussion I had with Julien in person and the biweekly
>> meeting with a number of you.
>>
>> We'll be going with ALPpd (pseudo decimal) as the first
>> implementation relying on the query engine based on its own heuristics to
>> decide on the right fallback to BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT of ZSTD.
>>
>> Best
>> Prateek
>>
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Nov 20, 2025 at 5:09 PM Prateek Gaur <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>>
>> > Sheet with numbers
>> > <
>> https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1NmCg0WZKeZUc6vNXXD8M3GIyNqF_H3goj6mVbT8at7A/edit?gid=1351944517#gid=1351944517
>> >
>> > .
>> >
>> > On Thu, Nov 20, 2025 at 5:09 PM PRATEEK GAUR <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>> >
>> >> Hi team,
>> >>
>> >> There was a request from a few folks, Antoine Pitrou and Adam Reeve if
>> I
>> >> remember correctly, to perform the experiment on some of the papers
>> that
>> >> talked about BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT for completeness.
>> >> I wanted to share the numbers for the same in this sheet. At this point
>> >> we have numbers on a wide variety of data.
>> >> (Will have to share the sheet from my snowflake account as our laptops
>> >> have fair bit of restriction with respect to copy paste permissions :)
>> )
>> >>
>> >> Best
>> >> Prateek
>> >>
>> >> On Thu, Nov 20, 2025 at 2:25 PM PRATEEK GAUR <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>> >>
>> >>> Hi Julien,
>> >>>
>> >>> Yes based on
>> >>>
>> >>>    - Numbers presented
>> >>>    - Discussions over the doc and
>> >>>    - Multiple discussions in the biweekly meeting
>> >>>
>> >>> We are in a stage where we agree this is the right encoding to add and
>> >>> we can move to the DRAFT/POC stage from DISCUSS stage.
>> >>> Will start working on the PR for the same.
>> >>>
>> >>> Thanks for bringing this up.
>> >>> Prateek
>> >>>
>> >>> On Thu, Nov 20, 2025 at 8:16 AM Julien Le Dem <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>> >>>
>> >>>> @PRATEEK GAUR <[email protected]> : Would you agree that we are
>> past
>> >>>> the DISCUSS step and into the DRAFT/POC phase according to the
>> proposals
>> >>>> process <
>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/tree/master/proposals
>> >>>> >?
>> >>>> If yes, could you open a PR on this page to add this proposal to the
>> >>>> list?
>> >>>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/tree/master/proposals
>> >>>> Thank you!
>> >>>>
>> >>>>
>> >>>> On Thu, Oct 30, 2025 at 2:38 PM Andrew Lamb <[email protected]>
>> >>>> wrote:
>> >>>>
>> >>>> > I have filed a ticket[1] in arrow-rs to track prototyping ALP in
>> the
>> >>>> Rust
>> >>>> > Parquet reader if anyone is interested
>> >>>> >
>> >>>> > Andrew
>> >>>> >
>> >>>> > [1]:  https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/issues/8748
>> >>>> >
>> >>>> > On Wed, Oct 22, 2025 at 1:33 PM Micah Kornfield <
>> >>>> [email protected]>
>> >>>> > wrote:
>> >>>> >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > C++, Java and Rust support them for sure. I feel like we should
>> >>>> > > > probably default to V2 at some point.
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> > > I seem to recall, some of the vectorized java readers (Iceberg,
>> >>>> Spark)
>> >>>> > > might not support V2 data pages (but I might be confusing this
>> with
>> >>>> > > encodings).  But this is only a vague recollection.
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> > > On Wed, Oct 22, 2025 at 6:38 AM Andrew Lamb <
>> [email protected]
>> >>>> >
>> >>>> > > wrote:
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> > > > > Someone has to add V2 data pages to
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-site/blob/production/content/en/docs/File%20Format/implementationstatus.md
>> >>>> > > > > :)
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > Your wish is my command:
>> >>>> > https://github.com/apache/parquet-site/pull/124
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > As the format grows in popularity and momentum builds to
>> evolve,
>> >>>> I feel
>> >>>> > > the
>> >>>> > > > content on the parquet.apache.org site could use refreshing /
>> >>>> > updating.
>> >>>> > > > So, while I had the site open, I made some other PRs to scratch
>> >>>> various
>> >>>> > > > itches
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > (I am absolutely 🎣 for someone to please review 🙏):
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > 1. Add Variant/Geometry/Geography types to implementation
>> status
>> >>>> > matrix:
>> >>>> > > > https://github.com/apache/parquet-site/pull/123
>> >>>> > > > 2. Improve introduction / overview, add more links to spec and
>> >>>> > > > implementation status:
>> >>>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-site/pull/125
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > Thanks,
>> >>>> > > > Andrew
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > On Wed, Oct 22, 2025 at 4:09 AM Antoine Pitrou <
>> >>>> [email protected]>
>> >>>> > > wrote:
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > Hi Julien, hi all,
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > On Mon, 20 Oct 2025 15:14:58 -0700
>> >>>> > > > > Julien Le Dem <[email protected]> wrote:
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > Another question from me:
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > Since the goal is to not use compression at all in this
>> case
>> >>>> (no
>> >>>> > > ZSTD)
>> >>>> > > > > > I'm assuming we would be using either:
>> >>>> > > > > > - the Data Page V1 with UNCOMPRESSED in the
>> >>>> ColumnMetadata.column
>> >>>> > > > > > <
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/786142e26740487930ddc3ec5e39d780bd930907/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L887
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > field.
>> >>>> > > > > > - the Data Page V2 with false in the
>> >>>> DataPageHeaderV2.is_compressed
>> >>>> > > > > > <
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/786142e26740487930ddc3ec5e39d780bd930907/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L746
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > field
>> >>>> > > > > > The second helping decide if we can selectively compress
>> some
>> >>>> pages
>> >>>> > > if
>> >>>> > > > > they
>> >>>> > > > > > are less compressed by the
>> >>>> > > > > > A few years ago there was a question on the support of the
>> >>>> > > DATA_PAGE_V2
>> >>>> > > > > and
>> >>>> > > > > > I was curious to hear a refresh on how that's generally
>> >>>> supported
>> >>>> > in
>> >>>> > > > > > Parquet implementations. The is_compressed field was
>> exactly
>> >>>> > intended
>> >>>> > > > to
>> >>>> > > > > > avoid block compression when the encoding itself is good
>> >>>> enough.
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > Someone has to add V2 data pages to
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://github.com/apache/parquet-site/blob/production/content/en/docs/File%20Format/implementationstatus.md
>> >>>> > > > > :)
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > C++, Java and Rust support them for sure. I feel like we
>> should
>> >>>> > > > > probably default to V2 at some point.
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > Also see https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/issues/3344
>> for
>> >>>> > Java.
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > Regards
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > Antoine.
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > Julien
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > On Mon, Oct 20, 2025 at 11:57 AM Andrew Lamb
>> >>>> > > > > <[email protected]> wrote:
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > Thanks again Prateek and co for pushing this along!
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 1. Design and write our own Parquet-ALP spec so that
>> >>>> > > > implementations
>> >>>> > > > > > > > know exactly how to encode and represent data
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > 100% agree with this (similar to what was done for
>> >>>> > ParquetVariant)
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 2. I may be missing something, but the paper doesn't
>> seem
>> >>>> to
>> >>>> > > > > mention
>> >>>> > > > > > > non-finite values (such as +/-Inf and NaNs).
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > I think they are handled via the "Exception" mechanism.
>> >>>> Vortex's
>> >>>> > > ALP
>> >>>> > > > > > > implementation (below) does appear to handle finite
>> >>>> numbers[2]
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 3. It seems there is a single implementation, which is
>> >>>> the one
>> >>>> > > > > published
>> >>>> > > > > > > > together with the paper. It is not obvious that it
>> will be
>> >>>> > > > > > > > maintained in the future, and reusing it is probably
>> not
>> >>>> an
>> >>>> > > option
>> >>>> > > > > for
>> >>>> > > > > > > > non-C++ Parquet implementations
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > My understanding from the call was that Prateek and team
>> >>>> > > > re-implemented
>> >>>> > > > > > > ALP  (did not use the implementation from CWI[3]) but
>> that
>> >>>> would
>> >>>> > be
>> >>>> > > > > good to
>> >>>> > > > > > > confirm.
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > There is also a Rust implementation of ALP[1] that is
>> part
>> >>>> of the
>> >>>> > > > > Vortex
>> >>>> > > > > > > file format implementation. I have not reviewed it to see
>> >>>> if it
>> >>>> > > > > deviates
>> >>>> > > > > > > from the algorithm presented in the paper.
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > Andrew
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > [1]:
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://github.com/vortex-data/vortex/blob/534821969201b91985a8735b23fc0c415a425a56/encodings/alp/src/lib.rs
>> >>>> > > > > > > [2]:
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://github.com/vortex-data/vortex/blob/534821969201b91985a8735b23fc0c415a425a56/encodings/alp/src/alp/compress.rs#L266-L281
>> >>>> > > > > > > [3]: https://github.com/cwida/ALP
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > On Mon, Oct 20, 2025 at 4:47 AM Antoine Pitrou
>> >>>> > > > > <[email protected]> wrote:
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > Hello,
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > Thanks for doing this and I agree the numbers look
>> >>>> impressive.
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > I would ask if possible for more data points:
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 1. More datasets: you could for example look at the
>> >>>> datasets
>> >>>> > that
>> >>>> > > > > were
>> >>>> > > > > > > > used to originally evalute BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT (see
>> >>>> > > > > > > > https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-1622 and
>> >>>> > > > specifically
>> >>>> > > > > > > > the Google Doc linked there)
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 2. Comparison to BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT + LZ4 and
>> >>>> BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT
>> >>>> > +
>> >>>> > > > ZSTD
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 3. Optionally, some perf numbers on x86 too, but I
>> expect
>> >>>> that
>> >>>> > > ALP
>> >>>> > > > > will
>> >>>> > > > > > > > remain very good there as well
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > I also have the following reservations towards ALP:
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 1. There is no published official spec AFAICT, just a
>> >>>> research
>> >>>> > > > paper.
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 2. I may be missing something, but the paper doesn't
>> seem
>> >>>> to
>> >>>> > > > mention
>> >>>> > > > > > > > non-finite values (such as +/-Inf and NaNs).
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 3. It seems there is a single implementation, which is
>> >>>> the one
>> >>>> > > > > published
>> >>>> > > > > > > > together with the paper. It is not obvious that it
>> will be
>> >>>> > > > > > > > maintained in the future, and reusing it is probably
>> not
>> >>>> an
>> >>>> > > option
>> >>>> > > > > for
>> >>>> > > > > > > > non-C++ Parquet implementations
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 4. The encoding itself is complex, since it involves a
>> >>>> fallback
>> >>>> > > on
>> >>>> > > > > > > > another encoding if the primary encoding (which
>> >>>> constitutes the
>> >>>> > > > real
>> >>>> > > > > > > > innovation) doesn't work out on a piece of data.
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > Based on this, I would say that if we think ALP is
>> >>>> attractive
>> >>>> > for
>> >>>> > > > us,
>> >>>> > > > > > > > we may want to incorporate our own version of ALP with
>> the
>> >>>> > > > following
>> >>>> > > > > > > > changes:
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 1. Design and write our own Parquet-ALP spec so that
>> >>>> > > > implementations
>> >>>> > > > > > > > know exactly how to encode and represent data
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 2. Do not include the ALPrd fallback which is a
>> homegrown
>> >>>> > > > dictionary
>> >>>> > > > > > > > encoding without dictionary reuse accross pages, and
>> >>>> instead
>> >>>> > rely
>> >>>> > > > on
>> >>>> > > > > a
>> >>>> > > > > > > > well-known Parquet encoding (such as
>> BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT?)
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > 3. Replace the FOR encoding inside ALP, which aims at
>> >>>> > compressing
>> >>>> > > > > > > > integers efficiently, with our own DELTA_BINARY_PACKED
>> >>>> (which
>> >>>> > has
>> >>>> > > > the
>> >>>> > > > > > > > same qualities and is already available in Parquet
>> >>>> > > implementations)
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > Regards
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > Antoine.
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > On Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:47:33 -0700
>> >>>> > > > > > > > PRATEEK GAUR <[email protected]> wrote:
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > Hi team,
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > We spent some time evaluating ALP compression and
>> >>>> > decompression
>> >>>> > > > > > > compared
>> >>>> > > > > > > > to
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > other encoding alternatives like CHIMP/GORILLA and
>> >>>> > compression
>> >>>> > > > > > > techniques
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > like SNAPPY/LZ4/ZSTD. We presented these numbers to
>> the
>> >>>> > > community
>> >>>> > > > > > > members
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > on October 15th in the biweekly parquet meeting. ( I
>> >>>> can't
>> >>>> > seem
>> >>>> > > > > to
>> >>>> > > > > > > access
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > the recording, so please let me know what access
>> rules
>> >>>> I need
>> >>>> > > to
>> >>>> > > > > get to
>> >>>> > > > > > > > be
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > able to view it )
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > We did this evaluation over some datasets pointed by
>> >>>> the ALP
>> >>>> > > > paper
>> >>>> > > > > and
>> >>>> > > > > > > > some
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > pointed by the parquet community.
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > The results are available in the following document
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > <
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PlyUSfqCqPVwNt8XA-CfRqsbc0NKRG0Kk1FigEm3JOg/edit?tab=t.0
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > :
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PlyUSfqCqPVwNt8XA-CfRqsbc0NKRG0Kk1FigEm3JOg
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > Based on the numbers we see
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    -  ALP is comparable to ZSTD(level=1) in terms of
>> >>>> > > compression
>> >>>> > > > > ratio
>> >>>> > > > > > > > and
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    much better compared to other schemes. (numbers in
>> >>>> the
>> >>>> > sheet
>> >>>> > > > > are
>> >>>> > > > > > > bytes
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    needed to encode each value )
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    - ALP going quite well in terms of decompression
>> >>>> speed
>> >>>> > > > (numbers
>> >>>> > > > > in
>> >>>> > > > > > > the
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    sheet are bytes decompressed per second)
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > As next steps we will
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    - Get the numbers for compression on top of byte
>> >>>> stream
>> >>>> > > split.
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    - Evaluate the algorithm over a few more datasets.
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >    - Have an implementation in the arrow-parquet
>> repo.
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > Looking forward to feedback from the community.
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > Best
>> >>>> > > > > > > > > Prateek and Dhirhan
>> >>>> > > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > > >
>> >>>> > > >
>> >>>> > >
>> >>>> >
>> >>>>
>> >>>
>>
>

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