[EMAIL PROTECTED] said:
> I'm afraid I can't pull out a reference. The legibility literature is
> quite old, which makes it harder. I think Patricia Wright did some, at
> the tail end of the period, and she might be a starting point for
> searching the data bases. See who she cites. Also look for a guy
> called (Derek?) Twyman, a typographer, I think at Reading Uni or
> possibly the OU, I think he probably cites the relevant studies. 

You're thinking of Michael Twyman. He founded the typography 
department at the University of Reading.

Most of the issues being discussed here fall into the domain of
typography. Unfortunately programming editors are so impoverished
as a typographic medium that the well-established design
practices of the field, whether or not they are applicable to
program source code, can't easily be transferred to programming
editors. There have, of course, been famous experiments in
pretty-printing using proper typographic principles. It's
interesting to ask why they haven't become popular - I think
because of the discontinuity in quality when the user returns to
the screen.

The one thing that can be easily done on screen is to change
colours - hence the ubiquitous availability of keyword colouring.
On the face of it, if there was anything to be gained by
distinguishing certain categories of words, then colouring them
would be a better solution than using all caps. However, I'm not
sure that there is real justification for making keywords stand
out. It seems to me that keywords ought to work like punctuation
(unobtrusive, just sufficient to indicate underlying structure),
rather than like headlines.

The real challenge in typography is to support both fluency of 
reading and emphasis of structure within a compositional 
structure that does not produce visual strain. I think that most 
of the research that has been done into reading performance can 
easily be generalised for programming - if only we have the 
characterisation of "fluency", "structure" and "strain".

Alan
-- 
Alan Blackwell           Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/afb21/       Phone: +44 (0) 1223 334418        


 
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