Is there a free on-line reference showing acceptable methods for ground 
bonding? Screws vs studs? How to properly stack ground bond lugs on to a single 
stud? Lock washers, star washers, lugs with serrated edges, screws with 
serrated heads, etc..?  Something like this would be most helpful. I recall 
seeing this kind of information in the back of safety standards we used years 
ago.

BTW, I have reviewed products from several far east companies who use heavy and 
thick powder coat paint on their products. Then they'll use a screw into a 
threaded whole for ground bonding without removing the paint. When I bring this 
to their attention as a possible non-compliance, they reply, "Test It". Sure 
enough, it will pass a Ground Bond test at 40 amps for 2 minutes.  So it is ok 
as long as it passes the test? The standard we deal with doesn't say anything 
about surfaces being paint free, cutting through paint, gas-tight, or what type 
of lock washers to use. It only says, "Screw connections shall be secured 
against loosening." It doesn't say anything about stacking ground bond lugs on 
a stud or if you have to use individual nuts between each lug.

The Other Brian

-----Original Message-----
From: Brian Oconnell [mailto:oconne...@tamuracorp.com]
Sent: Monday, March 02, 2015 5:10 PM
To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject: Re: [PSES] Serrated head screws for grounding/bonding

The 'star' washer should be gas-tight seal. If a serrated-headed screw is even 
less of seal, than higher risk-level indicated. Faulty logic? Anyone else 
observe failure modes of ground-bond hardware?

The CSA Design Manuals (not all standards have a respective D.M.) have drawings 
and specifications for acceptable materials and combinations of ground bond 
hardware. Recommended.

Brian

-----Original Message-----
From: John Woodgate [mailto:j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk]
Sent: Monday, March 02, 2015 11:47 AM
To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG
Subject: Re: [PSES] Serrated head screws for grounding/bonding

In message
<blupr02mb1160acb7f7c87a911caabc6c1...@blupr02mb116.namprd02.prod.outlook
.com>, dated Mon, 2 Mar 2015, Brian Oconnell <oconne...@tamuracorp.com>
writes:

>Saw exactly this happen on flight deck of USS Midway during 1979. While
>troubleshooting APD10 radar, the hydraulics guy that was helping me
>shorted the 400Hz bus to the box containing the power supply, and a
>star washer vaporized because part of the converter was floated. The
>star washer was not authorized construction.

I was talking about serrated-headed screws, not star washers.

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