> Il 12 luglio 2018 alle 3.57 agrayson2...@gmail.com ha scritto: > > > > On Tuesday, July 10, 2018 at 11:23:55 PM UTC-6, scerir wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > Il 11 luglio 2018 alle 0.01 agrays...@gmail.com ha > > scritto: > > > > > > > > > > > > On Monday, July 9, 2018 at 11:55:45 PM UTC-6, scerir wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Il 9 luglio 2018 alle 22.46 > > > > agrays...@gmail.com ha scritto: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, July 7, 2018 at 4:48:51 PM UTC-6, > > > > > agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Saturday, July 7, 2018 at 12:19:23 PM > > > > > > UTC-6, agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Friday, July 6, 2018 at 1:56:12 PM > > > > > > > UTC-6, agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Friday, July 6, 2018 at > > > > > > > > 1:22:03 PM UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/6/2018 11:44 AM, > > > > > > > > > agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Thursday, July > > > > > > > > > > 5, 2018 at 5:14:34 PM UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/5/2018 > > > > > > > > > > > 3:55 PM, agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On > > > > > > > > > > > > Thursday, July 5, 2018 at 2:03:46 PM UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/5/2018 11:27 AM, agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Wednesday, July 4, 2018 at 10:57:06 AM > > > > > > > > > > > > > > UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/4/2018 1:57 AM, 'scerir' via > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Everything List wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No. I am asserting that > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > the INTERPRETATION of the superposition of > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > states is wrong. Although I have asked > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > several times, no one here seems able to > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > offer a plausible justification for > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > interpreting that a system in a superposition > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > of states, is physically in all states of the > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > superposition SIMULTANEOUSLY before the > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > system is measured. If we go back to those > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > little pointing things, you will see there > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > exists an infinite uncountable set of basis > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > vectors for any vector in that linear vector > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > space. For quantum systems, there is no > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > unique basis, and in many cases also > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > infinitely many bases, So IMO, the > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > interpretation is not justified. AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ***SIMULTANEOUSLY*** was used > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > by EPR in their paper, but that did not have > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > much meaning (operationally, physically). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Can we say that the observable, > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > in a superposition state, has a ***DEFINITE*** > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > value between two measurements? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No - in general - we cannot say > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > that. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > It's in some definite state. But it may > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > be a state for which we have no measurement > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > operator or don't intend to measure; so we say > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > it is in a superposition, meaning a > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > superposition of the eigenstates we're going to > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > measure. So it does not have one of the > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > eigenvalues of our measurement. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > So for the radioactive source, the superposed > > > > > > > > > > > > > > state, Decayed + Undecayed, does NOT imply the > > > > > > > > > > > > > > system is in both states simultaneously? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No, it is in a state that > > > > > > > > > > > > > > consists of Decayed+Undecayed. So in a sense it is > > > > > > > > > > > > > > in both simulatnaeously. If you are sailing a > > > > > > > > > > > > > > heading of 45deg you are on a definite heading. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But you are simultaneously traveling North and > > > > > > > > > > > > > > East. And if someone was watching you with a radar > > > > > > > > > > > > > > that could only output "moving north" or "moving > > > > > > > > > > > > > > east" it would oscillate between the two and you > > > > > > > > > > > > > > might call that a superposition of north and east > > > > > > > > > > > > > > motion. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I see. > > > > > > > > > > > > But as I have pointed out, there are uncountably many > > > > > > > > > > > > sets of basis vectors that result in the same vector > > > > > > > > > > > > along the 45 deg direction. Thus, it makes no sense to > > > > > > > > > > > > single out a particular basis and claim it is > > > > > > > > > > > > simultaneously in both. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > That's where you're wrong. It makes perfect sense if > > > > > > > > > > > > that's the only basis you can measure in. That's why I > > > > > > > > > > > > gave the hypothetical example of a radar that could > > > > > > > > > > > > only report motion as northward or eastward. In some > > > > > > > > > > > > cases, like decayed our not-decayed, we don't have > > > > > > > > > > > > instruments to measure the superposition state. In > > > > > > > > > > > > other cases like sliver atom spin we can measure > > > > > > > > > > > > up/down or left/right or along any other axis. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ISTM, this is the cause of many of the apparent > > > > > > > > > > > paradoxes in QM such as Schroedinger's cat, or a > > > > > > > > > > > radioactive source which is decayed and undecayed > > > > > > > > > > > simultaneously. I have no objection using such a state to > > > > > > > > > > > do a calculation, but I think it's an error to further > > > > > > > > > > > interpret a superposition in terms of simultaneity of > > > > > > > > > > > component states. What say you? AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I > > > > > > > > > > > > say use what's convenient for calculation. Don't > > > > > > > > > > > > imagine your calculation is the reality. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But the consensus, > > > > > > > > > > perhaps unstated or subliminally, is that the superposition > > > > > > > > > > is imagined as reality, which leads to cats and radioactive > > > > > > > > > > sources being (respectively) alive and dead, and decayed > > > > > > > > > > and undecayed, simultaneously. Isn't this what Schroedinger > > > > > > > > > > was arguing against? I have rarely, if ever, seen it argued > > > > > > > > > > NOT to interpret a superposition as reality as a proposed > > > > > > > > > > solution to these apparent paradoxes. AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > You just go around and > > > > > > > > > > around. You never put together the explanations you get. > > > > > > > > > > Decoherence shows that, in the presence of an environment, > > > > > > > > > > the wave function FAPP collapses into orthogonal > > > > > > > > > > quasi-classical states in fractions of a nano-second. > > > > > > > > > > That's why the Schroedinger cat story doesn't show what > > > > > > > > > > Schroedinger thought it did. BUT there are experiments, > > > > > > > > > > like silver atoms thru and SG in which superpositions of > > > > > > > > > > left+right persist, they are up polarizations for example; > > > > > > > > > > and we know they exist because we can prepare up states and > > > > > > > > > > then measure them left/right or measure them up/down. The > > > > > > > > > > latter, up/down measurement, would always yield "up" > > > > > > > > > > showing they were in an up eigenstate, even though they > > > > > > > > > > were also in a left+right superposition. But there are > > > > > > > > > > other cases where we can't measure the eigenstate (e.g. > > > > > > > > > > neutrino family) so we always describe them as being in a > > > > > > > > > > superposition because the eigenstate is operationally > > > > > > > > > > unmeasurable and we can't prepare them in an eigenstate. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > You also go round and round > > > > > > > > without answering a key question about decoherence theory. You > > > > > > > > refer to the infinitesimally short decoherence time of, say, > > > > > > > > the apparatus, but ISTM it has already decohered way before it > > > > > > > > is employed in any experiment. What then is the reasoning for > > > > > > > > including the apparatus in the superposition for the entire > > > > > > > > system, and claiming this wf represents the total system before > > > > > > > > any environmental interaction? BTW, what is a right + left > > > > > > > > superposition in SG measurement, and how is it relevant to this > > > > > > > > discussion? TIA, AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > (My computer is being repaired, > > > > > > > > so I have limited library time for possibly a week or more. > > > > > > > > This means I will have to study some of your examples later > > > > > > > > before possibly responding.) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Thinking about this some more, I > > > > > > > agree that if one measures in a particular basis, it is natural > > > > > > > to express the wf of the system in a superposition of this basis. > > > > > > > However, where I disagree with your analysis is that one doesn't > > > > > > > need decoherence theory to resolve Schroedinger's apparent cat > > > > > > > paradox. This is because regardless of the natural basis used, > > > > > > > there is nothing in QM to allow, or compel us to interpret the > > > > > > > superposition as meaning the system is simultaneously in all > > > > > > > component states (which interpretation seems to produce an > > > > > > > alleged paradox). Moreover, although we cannot measure in other > > > > > > > bases, the wf can nevertheless be expressed in other bases, and > > > > > > > sometimes the set of bases is uncountable, again casting doubt on > > > > > > > the legitimacy of interpreting the superposition in terms of > > > > > > > simultaneity of component states. Do you agree or disagree? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Also, when doing an SG spin > > > > > > > measurement, I don't see that right-left is well defined for a > > > > > > > well-defined Up / Dn measurement. I also don't see why the system > > > > > > > is assumed to be in a superposition of right + left, or why it > > > > > > > persists after the measurement, or in what way these facts -- if > > > > > > > they are facts -- is in any way enlightening. I would appreciate > > > > > > > your comments on these issues. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > TIA, AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > From Wiki; > > > > > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition > > > > > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The principle of quantum superposition > > > > > > states that if a physical system may be in one of many > > > > > > configurations—arrangements of particles or fields—then the most > > > > > > general state is a combination of all of these possibilities, where > > > > > > the amount in each configuration is specified by a complex number > > > > > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number . > > > > > > > > > > > > For example, if there are two > > > > > > configurations labelled by 0 and 1, the most general state would be > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > A|Up> + B|Dn> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > where the coefficients A and B are complex > > > > > > numbers describing how much goes into each configuration. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The principle was described by Paul Dirac > > > > > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirac as follows: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The general principle of > > > > > > > superposition of quantum mechanics applies to the states [that > > > > > > > are theoretically possible without mutual interference or > > > > > > > contradiction] ... of any one dynamical system. It requires us to > > > > > > > assume that between these states there exist peculiar > > > > > > > relationships such that whenever the system is definitely in one > > > > > > > state we can consider it as being partly in each of two or more > > > > > > > other states. The original state must be regarded as the result > > > > > > > of a kind of superposition of the two or more new states, in a > > > > > > > way that cannot be conceived on classical ideas. Any state may be > > > > > > > considered as the result of a superposition of two or more other > > > > > > > states, and indeed in an infinite number of ways. Conversely any > > > > > > > two or more states may be superposed to give a new state... > > > > > > > (underlining my emphasis) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > IMO, he's mistaken. There's no need for the > > > > > > underlined assumption. If anyone here disagrees, please offer your > > > > > > *argument*. TIA, AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Cat got your tongue Brent? Bruce out to lunch? No > > > > > genuine seekers of truth here? What's the rationale for Dirac's > > > > > claim? I am all ears. AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > "The non-classical nature of the superposition process > > > > is brought out clearly if we consider the superposition of two states, > > > > A and B, such that there exists an observation which, when made on the > > > > system in state A, is certain to lead to one particular result, a say, > > > > and when made on the system in state B is certain to lead to some > > > > different result, b say. What will be the result of the observation > > > > when made on the system in the superposed state? The answer is that the > > > > result will be sometimes a and sometimes b, according to a probability > > > > law depending on the relative weights of A and B in the superposition > > > > process. It will never be different from both a and b. The intermediate > > > > character of the state formed by superposition thus expresses itself > > > > through the probability of a particular result for an observation being > > > > intermediate between the corresponding probabilities for the original > > > > states, not through the result itself being intermediate between the > > > > corresponding results for the original states. (PAM Dirac, The > > > > Principles ......, second edition, 1947, page 12 ). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > IIRC, the above quote is also in the Wiki article. It's not a > > > coherent argument; not even an argument but an ASSERTION. Let's raise the > > > level of discourse. It says we always get a or b, no intermediate result > > > when the system is in a superposition of states A and B. Nothing new > > > here. Key question: why does this imply the system is in states A and B > > > SIMULTANEOUSLY before the measurement? AG > > > > > > > > > > Let us imagine the system is in state A or in state B before > > measurement. Would that be consistent with outcomes of experiments? > > > > > > I'm not exactly clear what Dirac means by states A and B. I think he > means the Up/Dn states of a spin measurement. Generally, If A and B are > eigenstates of the operator whose observable is being measured, the system > will remain in those eigenstates after measurement. OTOH, if A or B are > superpositions of other states, the system will be some eigenstate after the > measurement, possibly A or B if they are eigenstates of the operator being > measured. AG >
Somenthing useful maybe here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/nkly114dpabfy1t/quantum.pdf > > > > > > > > > > Let us imagine the state of system is a mixture of A and B. Would > > that be consistent with outcomes of experiments? > > > > > > A mixture isn't a superposition, so your question doesn't seem relevant > to my issue here; namely, the proper interpretation of a superposition of > states. AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Same for cat, Alive + > > > > > > > > > > > > > Dead? Same for ( (Undecayed, Alive) + (Decayed, > > > > > > > > > > > > > Dead) ) for Schroedinger's composite system? If > > > > > > > > > > > > > that's the case, why would anyone think these states > > > > > > > > > > > > > are in any way paradoxical or contradictory? AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > You received this message because you are > > > > > > > > > > > > > > subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" > > > > > > > > > > > > > > group. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > To unsubscribe from this group and stop > > > > > > > > > > > > > > receiving emails from it, send an email to > > > > > > > > > > > > > > everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > To post to this group, send email to > > > > > > > > > > > > > > everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Visit this group at > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > For more options, visit > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > > > > > > > > You > > > > > > > > > > > > received this message because you are subscribed to the > > > > > > > > > > > > Google Groups "Everything List" group. > > > > > > > > > > > > To > > > > > > > > > > > > unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails > > > > > > > > > > > > from it, send an email to > > > > > > > > > > > > everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > > > To post > > > > > > > > > > > > to this group, send email to > > > > > > > > > > > > everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > > > Visit > > > > > > > > > > > > this group at > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > > > > > > > > For > > > > > > > > > > > > more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > > > > > > You received this > > > > > > > > > > message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > > > > > > > > > > "Everything List" group. > > > > > > > > > > To unsubscribe from > > > > > > > > > > this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email > > > > > > > > > > to everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > To post to this > > > > > > > > > > group, send email to everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > Visit this group at > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > > > > > > For more options, > > > > > > > > > > visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > You received this message because you are > > > > > subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. > > > > > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving > > > > > emails from it, send an email to everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > To post to this group, send email to > > > > > everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > Visit this group at > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > For more options, visit > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the > > > Google Groups "Everything List" group. > > > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from > > > it, send an email to everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > To post to this group, send email to > > > everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > Visit this group at > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Everything List" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to everything-list+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com > mailto:everything-list+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com . > To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com > mailto:everything-list@googlegroups.com . > Visit this group at https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to everything-list+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
