All,
Some "flower arranging" on Greg's version - adding adjustable FPS
target, and a checkbox for selecting the idle loop on/off.
Probably has bugs, and only tested on WinXP so far, but seems to work as
expected. Needs more tidying - in parcticular the FixedFPS and IdleFPS
methods duplicate a small chunk of code needlessly...
Note that with the timers used to set the FPS on Windows, I see distinct
values of "attainable" FPS, so there is some sort of interaction with
what we are doing and the Windows timer logic, I think. AFAIK linux and
OSX seem to be fine in this respect.
I have no idea what...
--------------------------------------------------
//
// 3-D gear wheels. This program is in the public domain.
//
// Command line options:
// -info print GL implementation information
// -exit automatically exit after 30 seconds
//
//
// Brian Paul
//
// Conversion to GLUT by Mark J. Kilgard
// Conversion to FLTK by IMM + Greg Ercolano
// Compile as: fltk-config --use-gl --compile fl_gears.cxx
//
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <FL/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Group.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Window.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Gl_Window.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Output.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Spinner.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Check_Button.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Box.H>
#include <FL/gl.h>
#ifndef M_PI
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
#endif
static int autoexit = 0;
static int infoflag = 0;
static float desired_frame_rate = 100.0;
static float per_frame_time = 1.0 / desired_frame_rate;
static const float pos[4] = { 5.0, 5.0, 10.0, 0.0 };
static const float red[4] = { 0.8, 0.1, 0.0, 1.0 };
static const float green[4] = { 0.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0 };
static const float blue[4] = { 0.2, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0 };
static Fl_Output *fps_out=NULL,
*fps_max=NULL,
*fps_avg=NULL;
static Fl_Spinner *set_fps=NULL;
static Fl_Check_Button *set_idle=NULL;
class MyGlWindow : public Fl_Gl_Window {
int gear1, gear2, gear3, frames, timerstate;
time_t last_tod;
float f_max, f_avg;
float view_rotx, view_roty, view_rotz, angle;
// Handle the redrawing of the scene (from the idle loop)
static void IdleFPS(void *userdata) {
MyGlWindow *glwin = (MyGlWindow*)userdata;
static short fixed_angle = 0;
fixed_angle += 500;
glwin->angle = (double)(fixed_angle) * 180.0 / 32768.0;
glwin->redraw();
}
// Handle fixed FPS rate timer
static void FixedFPS(void *userdata) {
MyGlWindow *glwin = (MyGlWindow*)userdata;
Fl::repeat_timeout(per_frame_time, FixedFPS, userdata);
static short fixed_angle = 0;
fixed_angle += 500;
glwin->angle = (double)(fixed_angle) * 180.0 / 32768.0;
glwin->redraw();
}
// Handle FPS metering timer
static void MeasureFPS(void *userdata) {
MyGlWindow *glwin = (MyGlWindow*)userdata;
time_t new_tod = time(NULL);
time_t delta_tod = new_tod - glwin->last_tod;
float fps = glwin->frames / (float)delta_tod;
// Show rate info on console
printf("%d frames in %d seconds = %6.3f FPS\n", glwin->frames,
(int)delta_tod, fps);
fflush(stdout);
// Update fps meters
{
char s[80];
if (fps > glwin->f_max) {
glwin->f_max = fps;
sprintf(s, "%.2f", glwin->f_max); fps_max->value(s);
}
if (glwin->f_avg == 0 ) {
glwin->f_avg = fps;
} else {
glwin->f_avg = (glwin->f_avg * 0.7) + (fps * 0.3);
}
glwin->last_tod = new_tod;
sprintf(s, "%.2f", glwin->f_avg); fps_avg->value(s);
sprintf(s, "%.2f", fps); fps_out->value(s);
}
// Auto exit?
if (autoexit) {
autoexit = autoexit - (int)delta_tod;
if (autoexit <= 0) exit(0);
}
glwin->frames = 0; // rezero frame counter
Fl::repeat_timeout(5.0, MeasureFPS, userdata);
}
// Start/Stop timers
void Timers(int newstate) {
// Timer state changing?
if ( newstate == timerstate ) return;
int do_idle = 0;
if(set_idle) do_idle = set_idle->value();
if ( newstate ) {
// Enable timers?
Fl::add_timeout(5.0, MeasureFPS, (void*)this); // compute FPS
every 5 secs
if(do_idle) {
Fl::add_idle(IdleFPS, (void*)this); // draw as fast as possible
} else {
Fl::add_timeout(per_frame_time, FixedFPS, (void*)this); // draw
at desired FPS
}
frames = 0;
f_max = 0.0;
f_avg = 0.0;
last_tod = time(NULL);
} else {
// Disable timers?
Fl::remove_timeout(MeasureFPS, (void*)this);
if(do_idle) {
Fl::remove_idle(IdleFPS, (void*)this);
} else {
Fl::remove_timeout(FixedFPS,(void*)this);
}
}
timerstate = newstate;
}
public:
// CTOR
MyGlWindow(int X,int Y,int W,int H,const char*L=0) :
Fl_Gl_Window(X,Y,W,H,L) {
// Init vars
frames = 0;
f_max = 0.0;
f_avg = 0.0;
last_tod = 0;
timerstate = 0;
view_rotx = 20.0;
view_roty = 30.0;
view_rotz = 0.0;
angle = 0.0;
// Start fps timers
Timers(1);
}
private:
// Draw a gear wheel. You'll probably want to call this function when
// building a display list since we do a lot of trig here.
//
// Input: inner_radius - radius of hole at center
// outer_radius - radius at center of teeth
// width - width of gear
// teeth - number of teeth
// tooth_depth - depth of tooth
//
void gear(float inner_radius,
float outer_radius,
float width,
int teeth, float tooth_depth) {
int i;
float r0 = inner_radius;
float r1 = outer_radius - tooth_depth / 2.0;
float r2 = outer_radius + tooth_depth / 2.0;
float da = 2.0 * M_PI / teeth / 4.0;
// draw front face
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
glNormal3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
for (i = 0; i <= teeth; i++) {
float angle = i * 2.0 * M_PI / teeth;
glVertex3f(r0 * cos(angle), r0 * sin(angle), width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle), r1 * sin(angle), width * 0.5);
if (i < teeth) {
glVertex3f(r0 * cos(angle), r0 * sin(angle), width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da), r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da),
width * 0.5);
}
}
glEnd();
// draw front sides of teeth
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
da = 2.0 * M_PI / teeth / 4.0;
for (i = 0; i < teeth; i++) {
float angle = i * 2.0 * M_PI / teeth;
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle), r1 * sin(angle), width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + da), r2 * sin(angle + da), width *
0.5);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + 2 * da), r2 * sin(angle + 2 * da),
width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da), r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da),
width * 0.5);
}
glEnd();
// draw back face
glNormal3f(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
for (i = 0; i <= teeth; i++) {
float angle = i * 2.0 * M_PI / teeth;
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle), r1 * sin(angle), -width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r0 * cos(angle), r0 * sin(angle), -width * 0.5);
if (i < teeth) {
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da), r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da),
-width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r0 * cos(angle), r0 * sin(angle), -width * 0.5);
}
}
glEnd();
// draw back sides of teeth
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
da = 2.0 * M_PI / teeth / 4.0;
for (i = 0; i < teeth; i++) {
float angle = i * 2.0 * M_PI / teeth;
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da), r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da),
-width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + 2 * da), r2 * sin(angle + 2 * da),
-width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + da), r2 * sin(angle + da), -width *
0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle), r1 * sin(angle), -width * 0.5);
}
glEnd();
// draw outward faces of teeth
glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
for (i = 0; i < teeth; i++) {
float angle = i * 2.0 * M_PI / teeth;
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle), r1 * sin(angle), width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle), r1 * sin(angle), -width * 0.5);
float u = r2 * cos(angle + da) - r1 * cos(angle);
float v = r2 * sin(angle + da) - r1 * sin(angle);
float len = sqrt(u * u + v * v);
u /= len;
v /= len;
glNormal3f(v, -u, 0.0);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + da), r2 * sin(angle + da), width *
0.5);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + da), r2 * sin(angle + da), -width *
0.5);
glNormal3f(cos(angle), sin(angle), 0.0);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + 2 * da), r2 * sin(angle + 2 * da),
width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r2 * cos(angle + 2 * da), r2 * sin(angle + 2 * da),
-width * 0.5);
u = r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da) - r2 * cos(angle + 2 * da);
v = r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da) - r2 * sin(angle + 2 * da);
glNormal3f(v, -u, 0.0);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da), r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da),
width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(angle + 3 * da), r1 * sin(angle + 3 * da),
-width * 0.5);
glNormal3f(cos(angle), sin(angle), 0.0);
}
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(0.0), r1 * sin(0.0), width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r1 * cos(0.0), r1 * sin(0.0), -width * 0.5);
glEnd();
// draw inside radius cylinder
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
for (i = 0; i <= teeth; i++) {
float angle = i * 2.0 * M_PI / teeth;
glNormal3f(-cos(angle), -sin(angle), 0.0);
glVertex3f(r0 * cos(angle), r0 * sin(angle), -width * 0.5);
glVertex3f(r0 * cos(angle), r0 * sin(angle), width * 0.5);
}
glEnd();
}
void draw() {
// First time? init viewport, etc.
if (!valid()) {
valid(1);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.4, 0.0);
{
GLfloat H = (float)h() / (float)w();
glViewport(0, 0, w(), h());
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glFrustum(-1.0, 1.0, -H, H, 5.0, 60.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -40.0);
}
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, pos);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
static int init = 0;
if ( ! init ) {
init = 1;
// make gear1
gear1 = glGenLists(1);
glNewList(gear1, GL_COMPILE);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, red);
gear(1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 20, 0.7);
glEndList();
// make gear2
gear2 = glGenLists(1);
glNewList(gear2, GL_COMPILE);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, green);
gear(0.5, 2.0, 2.0, 10, 0.7);
glEndList();
// make gear3
gear3 = glGenLists(1);
glNewList(gear3, GL_COMPILE);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE, blue);
gear(1.3, 2.0, 0.5, 10, 0.7);
glEndList();
// post init
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
}
if ( infoflag ) {
printf("GL_RENDERER = %s\n", (char
*)glGetString(GL_RENDERER));
printf("GL_VERSION = %s\n", (char *)glGetString(GL_VERSION));
printf("GL_VENDOR = %s\n", (char *)glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
printf("GL_EXTENSIONS = %s\n", (char
*)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS));
fflush(stdout);
}
}
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Draw the gears in current viewing position
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(view_rotx, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(view_roty, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(view_rotz, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
// Draw gear#1
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(-3.0, -2.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(angle, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glCallList(gear1);
glPopMatrix();
// Draw gear#2
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(3.1, -2.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(-2.0 * angle - 9.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glCallList(gear2);
glPopMatrix();
// Draw gear#3
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(-3.1, 4.2, 0.0);
glRotatef(-2.0 * angle - 25.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glCallList(gear3);
glPopMatrix();
glPopMatrix();
frames++; // count the redraws
}
public:
// Fltk event handler
int handle(int e) {
int ret = 0;
switch (e) {
case FL_HIDE: Timers(0); break;
case FL_SHOW: Timers(1); break;
case FL_ENTER: ret = 1; break;
case FL_LEAVE: ret = 1; break;
case FL_FOCUS: ret = 1; break;
case FL_KEYBOARD:
// Keyboard keys
switch ( Fl::event_key() ) {
case FL_Up: view_rotx -= 5.0; ret = 1; break;
case FL_Down: view_rotx += 5.0; ret = 1; break;
case FL_Left: view_roty -= 5.0; ret = 1; break;
case FL_Right: view_roty += 5.0; ret = 1; break;
case 'z':
if (Fl::event_state() & FL_SHIFT) view_rotz -= 5.0;
else view_rotz += 5.0;
ret = 1;
break;
}
break;
}
ret |= Fl_Gl_Window::handle(e);
return(ret);
}
};
// FPS target setting callback
static void cb_set_fps(Fl_Spinner*, void*) {
desired_frame_rate = set_fps->value();
per_frame_time = 1.0 / desired_frame_rate;
} // cb_set_fps
// set idle button callback
static void cb_set_idle(Fl_Check_Button*, void *v) {
MyGlWindow *glwin = (MyGlWindow *)v;
int do_idle = set_idle->value();
if(do_idle) {
set_fps->deactivate();
Fl::remove_timeout(glwin->FixedFPS,glwin);
Fl::add_idle(glwin->IdleFPS,glwin);
}
else {
set_fps->activate();
Fl::remove_idle(glwin->IdleFPS,glwin);
Fl::add_timeout(per_frame_time,glwin->FixedFPS,glwin);
}
} // cb_set_idle
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
Fl_Window window(320, 440, "Gears");
window.begin();
MyGlWindow glwin(10,10,300,300);
glwin.end(); // Just in case!
// Make a group to enclose the outputs and legends,
// to control resizing behaviour
Fl_Group controls(2,312,316,126);
controls.begin();
controls.box(FL_FLAT_BOX);
// Create output displays for various fps metering
fps_out = new Fl_Output( 60, 318+0, 140, 25, "FPS:");
fps_out->value("Calculating..");
fps_out->clear_visible_focus();
fps_max = new Fl_Output( 60, 318+30, 140, 25, "MAX:");
fps_max->value("Calculating..");
fps_max->clear_visible_focus();
fps_avg = new Fl_Output( 60, 318+60, 140, 25, "AVG:");
fps_avg->value("Calculating..");
fps_avg->clear_visible_focus();
// FPS target control
set_fps = new Fl_Spinner(140,318+90, 60, 25, "Target");
set_fps->minimum(5);
set_fps->maximum(200);
set_fps->value(100);
set_fps->callback((Fl_Callback*)cb_set_fps);
set_fps->when(FL_WHEN_CHANGED);
set_fps->clear_visible_focus();
// Toggle between idle loop or target-framerate
set_idle = new Fl_Check_Button(60,318+90,25, 25, "Idle");
set_idle->down_box(FL_DOWN_BOX);
set_idle->align(Fl_Align(FL_ALIGN_LEFT));
set_idle->tooltip("Use the idle loop, rather \nthan the target
FPS");
set_idle->callback((Fl_Callback*)cb_set_idle, (void *)&glwin);
set_idle->when(FL_WHEN_CHANGED);
set_idle->clear_visible_focus();
// Legend
Fl_Box box(210,318,100,115,"Keys:\n Up/Dn\n Lt/Rt\n z/Z/Esc");
box.align(FL_ALIGN_INSIDE | FL_ALIGN_TOP | FL_ALIGN_LEFT);
box.box(FL_ENGRAVED_BOX);
controls.end();
controls.resizable(box);
window.end();
window.resizable(glwin);
window.show();
// Command line args
for ( int i=1; i<argc; i++ ) {
if (strcmp(argv[i], "-info")==0) { infoflag = 1; }
else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-exit")==0) {
autoexit = 35;
printf("Auto Exit after approx. %i seconds.\n", autoexit);
fflush(stdout);
}
}
return(Fl::run());
}
// End of File
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