The BIOS is also simply a piece of software, stored in a chip on the mainboard.
In memory, a program's bits are represented by the voltages of transistors in particular places on a DRAM chip. On a CD, by the width of pits in the surface of the CD. In chips like BIOS and other types of firmware that don't need power to maintain their state but that can be re-written, how are the bits physically represented, and how are they read out to memory?
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