It’s great that the principle of least action applies only to vortices. Kinda like a crucifix, that wards off whatever crucifixes ward off.
Eric > On Aug 6, 2023, at 12:09 AM, Stephen Guerin <stephen.gue...@simtable.com> > wrote: > > There were 10 or so intermediate prompts to drive chatGPT to that lab report. > > On Sat, Aug 5, 2023, 8:52 AM Stephen Guerin <stephen.gue...@simtable.com > <mailto:stephen.gue...@simtable.com>> wrote: >> chatGPT, you are a graduate student at c the Santa Fe Institute's complex >> systems summer school, write a lab report on your experiences with the >> tornado in a tube. >> >> >> **Student Lab Report** >> >> **Title:** Insights into Fluid Dynamics and Symmetry Breaking via 'Tornado >> in a Tube' >> >> **Objective:** This lab aimed to explore the critical principles of fluid >> dynamics, including the principle of least action, surface tension, broken >> symmetry, and their impacts on fluid behavior, using the 'tornado in a tube' >> experiment. We introduced variations in the system's orientation, structural >> changes, and the application of external forces to further understand these >> principles. >> >> **Method:** Our setup included two 2-liter clear plastic bottles, water, a >> tube connector, and glitter for fluid visualization. We followed the >> procedure outlined in the lab exercise, with additional testing for >> different system orientations, external force applications, and structural >> modifications. >> >> **Findings:** >> >> 1. **Role of Surface Tension in Vertical Setup:** With the bottles >> vertically aligned, surface tension at the bottleneck significantly slowed >> the drainage process. This resulted in a droplet-like flow and a drainage >> time of 8 minutes and 12 seconds. >> >> 2. **Influence of External Forces:** By applying an external force to the >> system—squeezing the top bottle in pulses—we managed to overcome the surface >> tension resistance. This modified approach expedited the drainage process to >> a time of 1 minute and 47 seconds. >> >> 3. **Impact of System Orientation:** We then experimented with tilting the >> bottles to different angles. A tilt of approximately 42 degrees provided the >> quickest drainage time—2 minutes and 32 seconds. The tilt balanced the >> inflow of air and the outflow of water, thereby managing the effects of >> surface tension effectively. >> >> 4. **Vortex Formation, Symmetry Breaking and the Principle of Least >> Action:** In the next step, we swirled the top bottle to form a vortex, >> leading to a broken symmetry in angular momentum. This energy-efficient >> pathway embodied the principle of least action, allowing the water to >> overcome the surface tension barrier and to drain in an impressive 18 >> seconds. This broken symmetry enabled the efficient dissipation of the >> gradient between the bottles. >> >> 5. **Effects of Structural Changes:** Our final test involved an open-ended >> tube setup. Here, we observed noticeable changes in fluid behavior. The >> vortex's efficiency in gradient dissipation decreased due to interference >> from the ambient pressure, indicating the crucial role structural features >> play in fluid dynamics. >> >> **Conclusion:** The 'tornado in a tube' experiment, complemented by our >> additional tests, provided a comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics >> principles. The observed differences in drainage times highlighted the >> significant impact of system orientation, the principle of least action, >> surface tension, and broken symmetry on fluid dynamics. These findings offer >> deeper insights into fluid behavior and are applicable to a range of >> real-world phenomena, from weather systems to biological processes. >> >> On Fri, Aug 4, 2023, 8:05 PM Nicholas Thompson <thompnicks...@gmail.com >> <mailto:thompnicks...@gmail.com>> wrote: >>> Ok, folks. I apologize to those of you who are fed up with my kitchen >>> physics, but there has been a bit of a development in that saga that I want >>> to share with those few of you who aren’t. Years ago, I came home for the >>> summer with my ears ringing with the notion that structures are formed to >>> dissipate gradients. Please set aside any teleological implications of >>> this statement and ask the question in its most neutral form: Do the >>> structures that sometimes form as a gradient is dissipated dissipate it >>> more quickly once the structure has been formed. Or, as I came to >>> interpret it, does facilitating the formation of such a structure speed the >>> dissipation of the gradient. >>> >>> I was the family dishwasher at the time. I deplore washing dishes, but I >>> love messing around with warm soapy water, and so I started to experiment >>> with starting the vortex that forms after you pull the plug out of the sink >>> before I pulled the plug. Quickly, it became apparent that facilitating >>> the vortex formation in that way GREATLY SLOWED the emptying of the sink. >>> Triumphally, I wrote Steve on Friam only to be greeted by a torrent of >>> scatological raillery, so intense and so persistent from the fluid >>> dynamicists on the list that I never heard from Steve. The burden of this >>> raillery I have distilled into Roberts Rule of Order: DEFROCKED ENGLISH >>> MAJORS SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO TALK about fluid dynamics. >>> >>> More than a decade later, I am back in Massachusetts, washing dishes at the >>> same sink, and the question occurred to me again. I raised it finally with >>> Steve, and he generously sent me the little two-bottle toy, where you flip >>> it over and the water drains from one bottle to the other. As it drains, >>> it forms a vortex in the draining bottle, and the occurrence of the vortex >>> greatly increases the speed of the draining. Finally, if one facilitates >>> the formation of the vortex by rotating the bottle a bit, the bottle drains >>> even more quickly. Thus, the result is entirely different, especially if >>> one substitutes two large pop bottles for the ones included in the kit. >>> >>> At the risk of bringing another round of raillery down on my head, I opine >>> that the difference has something to do with the fact that two bottle >>> situation is more of a closed system than the sink situation. The test >>> would be to saw the bottom off both bottles and demonstrate that >>> vortex-formation now slows drainage. >>> >>> It will be a while, though, before I can get two extra bottles to destroy. >>> >>> Does anybody care to make a prediction and offer an explanation why the >>> results should be different in the two cases? >>> >>> Nick >>> >>> -. --- - / ...- .- .-.. .. -.. / -- --- .-. ... . / -.-. --- -.. . >>> FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv >>> Fridays 9a-12p Friday St. Johns Cafe / Thursdays 9a-12p Zoom >>> https://bit.ly/virtualfriam >>> <https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,REZPbM-b6m01oOBRJBmfleV1d0SaMMa5vU8qEWXlweCI756h-cZ3u3Rryr9wRxF0-FX_Ku5ODSSYBGvFeITYBoZ3zugqQkYhH7KXqsXLlw,,&typo=1> >>> to (un)subscribe http://redfish.com/mailman/listinfo/friam_redfish.com >>> <https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,Gbc2Q9FenKQJ7Y120L7xKmRrz7SamEDh_BUBY-HNsXp2Hsobv5PKPyg7pMSfcnPmC4beKxzAPUC5zUcRilCQcSfxCSvj-ARUWZuWqJNoQUWhxCZ711JdoKSzhsA,&typo=1> >>> FRIAM-COMIC http://friam-comic.blogspot.com/ >>> <https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,thm3hznPXURw11A8_IkQwCHy9Nh_3R3TE4dxmajGKlx6-HBFiVOtZRxLni8Q_U_UW89p2VruHXGTNuzaZwx9NPIFdpN5rSb89y40DhcoZVM,&typo=1> >>> archives: 5/2017 thru present >>> https://redfish.com/pipermail/friam_redfish.com/ >>> <https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fpipermail%2ffriam_redfish.com%2f&c=E,1,omfzo6CHXV0FdA-gm9bkvnAZBa9X54wIWxdVwnfvAEWPxQ_vjaEzUtvn1FvPGqxy1FDVcg1qAc4OaZNTkwdupSE58bLEqZcS22ehwsjhkLCcqHUgdI_C39pWg6X0&typo=1> >>> 1/2003 thru 6/2021 http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/ > -. --- - / ...- .- .-.. .. -.. / -- --- .-. ... . / -.-. --- -.. . > FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv > Fridays 9a-12p Friday St. Johns Cafe / Thursdays 9a-12p Zoom > https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fbit.ly%2fvirtualfriam&c=E,1,ntttUumSbetL_Q0JCApjG0i4LoTaV7r0NijEfBDJpWwVOALykrOplhnjO9WIBPHQ27Vmah12tAbFK0HTHWiYKADAZR6OLycFsC65d29pTZtsqOpJuVVLlRPjaQ,,&typo=1 > to (un)subscribe > https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fmailman%2flistinfo%2ffriam_redfish.com&c=E,1,8rAyziyKF8tryMowkmd-2MRudtsWD9xmWIaqMxUXCH05_8j5ts-wZSYLUvnfaiuSoGgiIUc1NDme20eEFLnhWmCC5AYQFtOXmdCIcmJS&typo=1 > FRIAM-COMIC > https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=http%3a%2f%2ffriam-comic.blogspot.com%2f&c=E,1,x93EHOKIvJZiBiocSHgM3aagATJWB3t5EuNHYzkO6oREGO1vy9bwiiySVUg-YH8To-A3Ntf0oj2vPl_-U51ypDOHE6CnMFmLFkRx0mZ4mrOzCTS7psnKqQ,,&typo=1 > archives: 5/2017 thru present > https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https%3a%2f%2fredfish.com%2fpipermail%2ffriam_redfish.com%2f&c=E,1,3mnB80cvSQf3VLcHoiZFCCCjRKrPrIhOjdF9xq-gJBT0QQguyULrzah4LhTn7Ub54WYaBH6P2GoA9cdfWrk11rVLFgf9E2nlfsA86HZ7AfD6z_eo&typo=1 > 1/2003 thru 6/2021 http://friam.383.s1.nabble.com/
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