Dear all, Fully cognizant it’s both a horrible time to do research, yet also a fascinating time for those of us in the research community, we’ve organized a quick, fairly short section of the journal Energy Research & Social Science interrogating the nexus of energy sustainability, climate change, and the Covid-19 pandemic. Elsevier has graciously agreed to make all articles within it promotional gold open access for the next six months. You can see a link to the Special Section below, and the table of contents below that.
A thousand thanks—maybe more—to the contributors and peer reviewers that made publishing this in an expedited fashion possible. Happy to share a single PDF of the entire Special Section as requested, via email. Just write to me. Wishing everyone the best of health, Benjamin K. Sovacool Editor-in-Chief Energy Research & Social Science https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-research-and-social-science/vol/68/suppl/C Special Section of COVID-19 Perspectives Introduction Benjamin K. Sovacool, Dylan Furszyfer Del Rio, Steve Griffiths, Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101701, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302760) Abstract: The global Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly overwhelmed our societies, shocked the global economy and overburdened struggling health care systems and other social institutions around the world. While such impacts of Covid-19 are becoming clearer, the implications of the disease for energy and climate policy are more prosaic. This Special Section seeks to offer more clarity on the emerging connections between Covid-19 and energy supply and demand, energy governance, future low-carbon transitions, social justice, and even the practice of research methodology. It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change? How has the disease shaped institutional responses and varying energy policy frameworks, especially in Africa? How will the disease impact ongoing social practices, innovations and sustainability transitions, including not only renewable energy but also mobility? How might the disease, and social responses to it, exacerbate underlying patterns of energy poverty, energy vulnerability, and energy injustice? Lastly, what challenges and insights does the pandemic offer for the practice of research, and for future research methodology? We find that without careful guidance and consideration, the brave new age wrought by Covid-19 could very well collapse in on itself with bloated stimulus packages that counter sustainability goals, misaligned incentives that exacerbate climate change, the entrenchment of unsustainable practices, and acute and troubling consequences for vulnerable groups. Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; Energy policy; Climate policy; Energy governance; Sustainability transitions The energy and climate impacts of the virus Azzam Abu-Rayash, Ibrahim Dincer, Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101693, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101693. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302681) Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on the transportation sector and subsequent implications on the sectoral energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions in some selected cities worldwide. A model for smart transportation is proposed by considering four indicators, including transport efficiency, technology integration, traffic congestion rate, and accessibility ratio. While prior health crises, such as SARS, impacted the transportation sector, the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented, resulting in exceptional impacts on this sector. Canadian Civil Aviation activities dropped by 71%, compared to business as usual, whereas military aviation activities declined by 27%. As of the end of June 2020, cities with higher than 50% mobility index include Brussels, Singapore, Stockholm, Lyon, Paris, Moscow, and Hong Kong with the highest mobility index of 76%. American cities have the lowest mobility indexes as of the end of June with mobility indexes lower than 20%. It is expected and reasonable to assume that the public’s response to COVID-19 will exceed that of SARS. While Britons and Canadians are the biggest supporters of keeping the economy and businesses shut until COVID-19 is fully contained, the Chinese, Russians, Indians, and Italians find it vital to restart the economy regardless. Results show that the majority of the world is in a state of mental distress and will face nervousness and anxiety issues post-COVID-19. This sentiment is strongest in India, Japan, China, the U.K., Brazil and Canada, ranging between 68% and 78%. The trucking industry is the main contributor to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Canadian transportation sector, accounting for more than 62% of the total emissions in 2019. Given the impact of COVID-19, forecasted GHG emissions of the Canadian transportation sector for 2020is evaluated to be 93 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Energy sustainability; Energy research; Environment; Transportation; Social behaviour Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, An outlook on the global development of renewable and sustainable energy at the time of COVID-19, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101633, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101633. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302085) Abstract: The outbreak of the novel COVID-19 has dominated the world stage, and its consequences, both direct and indirect, are expected to prove to be even more pervasive over time. The COVID-19 pandemic has struck the renewable energy manufacturing facilities, supply chains, and companies and slowed down the transition to the sustainable energy world. The global decline in economy-driven demand could damage the positive trend of green and low-carbon energy progress. Although it is too early to judge how profound the negative effects of the pandemic on the global renewable and sustainable energy systems will be, a significant short-run contraction to the development of renewables is inevitable. Therefore, the energy and climate policies may require to be restructured based on the new circumstances. In this context, several beneficial stimuluses should be offered by the governments to persuade the private sectors and society to invest on renewables. Undoubtedly, intelligent policies could convert the menaces of COVID-19 to the great opportunities for renewables and ultimately the world’s sustainable energy scenario could return to its long-term trajectory toward green power generation and utilization over the next few years. Michael Jefferson, A crude future? COVID-19s challenges for oil demand, supply and prices, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101669, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101669. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302449) Abstract: Assessing prospects for future oil prices is an uncertain activity but, barring Middle East conflict creating severe supply issues, crude oil prices are expected to stage a recovery by third-quarter 2020 and modest further recovery in first-half 2021, with the range $40 to $60 per barrel for WTI and Brent. Despite such a recovery there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets. Keywords: Pandemic; Price impacts; Crude oil qualities; Competitive strengths/weaknesses Nima Norouzi, Gerardo Zarazua de Rubens, Saeed Choupanpiesheh, Peter Enevoldsen, When pandemics impact economies and climate change: Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on oil and electricity demand in China, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101654, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101654. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302292) Abstract: Despite all the scientific and technological developments in the past one hundred years, biologic issues such as pandemics are a constant threat to society. While one of the aspects of a pandemic is the loss of human life, the outbreak has multi-dimensional impacts across regional and global societies. In this paper, a comparative regressive and neural network model is developed to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 (coronavirus) on the electricity and petroleum demand in China. The environmental analysis shows that the epidemic severeness significantly affects the electricity and the petroleum demand, both directly and indirectly. The outputs of the model stated that the elasticity of petroleum and electricity demand toward the population of the infected people is −0.1% and −0.65%, respectively. The mentioned results show that pandemic status has a significant impact on energy demand, and also its impacts can be tracked into every corner of human society. Keywords: Demand analysis; Economic impacts; COVID-19; Socio-economic analysis; Energy policy Azzam Abu-Rayash, Ibrahim Dincer, Analysis of the electricity demand trends amidst the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101682, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101682. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302577) Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 and the global pandemic on the energy sector dynamics. Hourly electricity demand data was collected and analyzed for the province of Ontario. It is evident that health-related pandemics have a detrimental and direct influence on the concept of the smart city. This is manifested through various social, economic, environmental, technological and energy-related changes. The overall electricity demand of the province for the month of April of this year amidst pandemic conditions declined by 14%, totaling 1267 GW. A unique trend of reciprocating energy demand exists throughout the week. The post-COVID-19 indicates higher energy demand in the earlier part of the week and a lower demand in the latter part of the week. Pre-pandemic, the days of highest electricity demand were in the latter part of the work week (Wed-Fri) in addition to the weekend. Post-pandemic, the highest electricity demand occurred in the earlier part of the week (Mon-Tue). Hourly electricity demand shows a clear curve flattening during the pandemic, especially during peak hours of 7–11 in the morning and 5–7 in the evening, resulting in significant demand reductions during these periods. Lastly, due to COVID-19, GHG emission reductions of 40,000 tonnes of CO2e were achieved along with savings of $131,844 for the month of April. Keywords: Smart city; COVID-19 pandemic; Energy conservation; Electricity demand reduction Alireza Bahmanyar, Abouzar Estebsari, Damien Ernst, The impact of different COVID-19 containment measures on electricity consumption in Europe, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101683, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101683. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302589) Abstract: As of March 13, 2020, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) considered Europe as the centre of the global COVID-19 outbreak. All countries within Europe had a confirmed case of COVID-19 by March 17. In response to the pandemic, different European countries took different approaches. This paper compares the impact of different containment measures taken by European countries in response to COVID-19 on their electricity consumption profiles. The comparisons are made for Spain, Italy, Belgium and the UK as countries with severe restrictions, and for the Netherlands and Sweden as countries with less restrictive measures. The results show that the consumption profiles reflect the difference in peoples’ activities in different countries using various measures. Keywords: COVID_19; Coronavirus; European power systems; Consumer behaviour Mulualem G. Gebreslassie, COVID-19 and energy access: An opportunity or a challenge for the African continent?, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101677, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101677. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302528) Abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic gains ground in the African continent, it will create havoc and unprecedented health and economic crisis. The crisis has exposed the robustness and resilience of the economies and services such as health systems around the world and it is disaster in the making while the pandemic is spreading fast to the African continent. This is alarming mainly because the continent has weak health system compounded by low access to modern and reliable electricity. It is also anticipated that the crisis will be brought ample opportunities and the African governments and the people should make coordinated and concerted effort in developing conducive business environment and exploit the opportunities presented to facilitate energy access focusing on clean and renewable energy technologies. This is a big test for the continent and thus it will either brought prosperity through facilitating universal energy access by effectively utilizing the opportunities brought by the crisis or the lack of energy access will continue affecting communities the ability to improve their livelihoods. Keywords: Energy access; COVID-19; Challenges; Opportunities Mark McCarthy Akrofi, Sarpong Hammond Antwi, COVID-19 energy sector responses in Africa: A review of preliminary government interventions, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101681, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101681. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302565) Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed unprecedented shocks across all facets of society, from strained healthcare systems to the closure of schools and economies. The energy sector is of no exception, with several concerns being raised about the ramifications that will arise for the clean energy transition. The goal of our study is to review how governments in Africa have responded to this challenge in the energy sector. We used an internet search to gather information from government policy statements/briefs, and websites of international organizations such as the IMF, WHO, KPMG, and the World Bank. Our review revealed that the majority of preliminary responses were short-term and include the provision of free electricity, waiver/suspension of bill payments, and VAT exemptions on electricity bills. These measures were more pronounced in sub-Sahara Africa while oil-rich countries of the North mostly have broad economic measures that target their oil and gas sectors. Economic stimulus packages prepared by most countries do not explicitly mention energy sector companies/institutions, especially the Renewable Energies (RE) sector. Only three countries (Nigeria, Kenya, and Burkina Faso) had specific interventions for renewables. Overall, interventions were mostly fiscal/financial and short-term, with medium to long term measures often broad without being specific to the energy sector. As governments take measures to bolster their economies, they must pay particular attention to the challenges posed by the pandemic in the energy sector and capitalize on the opportunities that it presents to drive the clean energy transition. Keywords: COVID-19; Energy; Coronavirus; Energy transition; Africa; Energy policy Implications for sustainability transitions Wisdom Kanda, Paula Kivimaa, What opportunities could the COVID-19 outbreak offer for sustainability transitions research on electricity and mobility?, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101666, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101666. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302413) Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major landscape shock that is having pervasive effects across socio-technical systems. Due to its recentness, sustainability scientists and other researchers have only started to investigate the implications of this crisis. The COVID-19 outbreak presents a unique opportunity to analyze in real time the effects of a protracted landscape-scale perturbation on the trajectories of sustainability transitions. In this perspective, we explore the ramifications for sustainability transition research on electricity and mobility, drawing from selected examples in Finland and Sweden. The long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to trigger more permanent changes connected to the digitalization of work and other daily activities, thus reducing mobility needs and overall fossil-energy consumption. The crisis may encourage governance systems to be better prepared for different types of shocks in the future, while it also contains a threat of increasingly populist or undemocratic political responses and increased securitization. These developments can guide research by addressing the reproduction of new practices arising from the COVID-19 outbreak to accelerate sustainability transitions, enhancing understanding of the role of governance in transitions, and bringing to attention the ethical and political implications of landscape shocks. Keywords: COVID-19; Sustainability transitions; Landscape shocks; Window of opportunity Caroline Kuzemko, Michael Bradshaw, Gavin Bridge, Andreas Goldthau, Jessica Jewell, Indra Overland, Daniel Scholten, Thijs Van de Graaf, Kirsten Westphal, Covid-19 and the politics of sustainable energy transitions, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101685, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302607) Abstract: In this perspectives piece, an interdisciplinary team of social science researchers considers the implications of Covid-19 for the politics of sustainable energy transitions. The emergency measures adopted by states, firms, and individuals in response to this global health crisis have driven a series of political, economic and social changes with potential to influence sustainable energy transitions. We identify some of the initial impacts of the ‘great lockdown’ on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Adopting a broad multi-scalar and multi-actor approach to the analysis of energy system change, we highlight continuities and discontinuities with pre-pandemic trends. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. While the effects of the pandemic continue to unfold, some of its sectoral and geographically differentiated impacts are already emerging. We conclude that the politics of sustainable energy transitions are now at a critical juncture, in which the form and direction of state support for post-pandemic economic recovery will be key. Keywords: Covid-19; Politics; Sustainable energy transition; Social practices; Fossil fuels; Renewables Connections with social justice and vulnerability Kathleen Brosemer, Chelsea Schelly, Valoree Gagnon, Kristin L. Arola, Joshua M. Pearce, Douglas Bessette, Laura Schmitt Olabisi, The energy crises revealed by COVID: Intersections of Indigeneity, inequity, and health, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101661, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101661. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462962030236X) Abstract: The global COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis, an economic crisis, and a justice crisis. It also brings to light multiple ongoing, underlying social crises. The COVID-19 crisis is actively revealing crises of energy sovereignty in at least four ways. First, there are many whose access to basic health services is compromised because of the lack of energy services necessary to provide these services. Second, some people are more vulnerable to COVID-19 because of exposure to environmental pollution associated with energy production. Third, energy services are vital to human wellbeing, yet access to energy services is largely organized as a consumer good. The loss of stable income precipitated by COVID-19 may therefore mean that many lose reliable access to essential energy services. Fourth, the COVID-19 crisis has created a window of opportunity for corporate interests to engage in aggressive pursuit of energy agendas that perpetuate carbon intensive and corporate controlled energy systems, which illuminates the ongoing procedural injustices of energy decision making. These four related crises demonstrate why energy sovereignty is essential for a just energy future. Energy sovereignty is defined as the right for communities, rather than corporate interests, to control access to and decision making regarding the sources, scales, and forms of ownership characterizing access to energy services. Energy sovereignty is a critical component in the design of a post-COVID-19 energy system that is capable of being resilient to future shocks without exacerbating injustices that are killing the most vulnerable among us. Keywords: Energy sovereignty; Energy justice; Environmental justice; Covid-19 Paolo Mastropietro, Pablo Rodilla, Carlos Batlle, Emergency measures to protect energy consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A global review and critical analysis, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101678, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101678. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221462962030253X) Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic and the consequent lockdown exacerbated energy poverty and insecurity worldwide. Many governments introduced emergency measures to protect energy consumers during confinement. This article reviews and classifies the policies implemented in several jurisdictions around the world, identifying potential inefficiencies, but also best practices. According to our analysis, these much-needed relief measures should be based on a proper targeting and a consistent financing. Keywords: Covid-19; Energy poverty; Fuel poverty; Energy insecurity; Disconnection ban; Energy assistance programme; Social tariff Matthew S. Henry, Morgan D. Bazilian, Chris Markuson, Just transitions: Histories and futures in a post-COVID world, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101668, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101668. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302437) Abstract: The energy landscape is changing dramatically. Communities are being impacted in different ways. Positive impacts include reductions in air pollution and new tax revenues from renewables. Negative impacts include lost jobs and foregone tax revenues after closure of large fossil fuels generation facilities and coal mines. The contours of this transition have been further altered by recent events such as the global oil market crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. While economic and social issues can be addressed through thoughtful policy design, the pace of change, and the extent to which communities have a say in what comes next, matter. Though the technical issues of transitions are well-researched, the socio-economic aspects of the energy transition remain both emergent and essential to an equitable transition to a low-carbon energy system. This article provides an overview of the history and current status of just transitions. Keywords: Just transitions; Energy transitions; Socio-economics Insights for research methodology Michael J. Fell, Laura Pagel, Chien-fei Chen, Matthew H. Goldberg, Mario Herberz, Gesche M. Huebner, Siddharth Sareen, Ulf J.J. Hahnel, Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101646, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302218) Abstract: Measures to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are having unprecedented impacts on people’s lives around the world. In this paper, we argue that those conducting social research in the energy domain should give special consideration to the internal and external validity of their work conducted during this pandemic period. We set out a number of principles that researchers can consider to give themselves and research users greater confidence that findings and recommendations will still be applicable in years to come. Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. We suggest that these approaches also bring a number of opportunities to generate new insights. However, we caution that a more systemic challenge to validity of knowledge produced during this period may result from changes in the kinds of social research that it is practicable to pursue. Keywords: Social science; Energy; Validity; COVID-19 Chien-fei Chen, Gerardo Zarazua de Rubens, Xiaojing Xu, Jiayi Li, Coronavirus comes home? Energy use, home energy management, and the social-psychological factors of COVID-19, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101688, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101688. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302632) Abstract: This study explores the dynamics of energy use patterns, climate change issues and the relationship between social-psychological factors, with residents’ acceptance of and willingness to pay (WTP) for home energy management systems (HEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York. The results of our survey suggest that there were no longer morning or evening usage peaks on weekdays, and a significant portion of respondents are experiencing higher or much higher electricity use than average. Most residents' perception of climate change issues during COVID-19 remained unchanged. Attitude, perceived behavioral control, and social norms are overall the strongest predictors of adoption intention and WTP for HEMS. Regarding WTP for specific well-being features, attitude was the strongest positive predictor of telemedical and home security features, and social norms are the strongest positive predictor of elderly assistance and job search. Technology anxiety, surprisingly, positively influences WTP for the well-being features. Trust in utilities is not related to adoption intention, but is positively associated with WTP for the well-being features. Although cybersecurity concerns are positively associated with HEMS adoption intention for energy and well-being features, this relationship is not significant in WTP. Residents who had moderate perceived risk of getting COVID-19 are willing to pay more than the high- and low-risk groups. This paper addresses the interactions among technology attributes, and users’ social-psychological and demographics factors. Additionally, this study provides insights for further research in examining technology adoption and energy dynamics during times of crises, such as the COVID-19. Keywords: Home Energy Management System (HEMS); COVID-19; Social norms; Willingness to pay; Climate change; Energy demand Marius Schwarz, Aline Scherrer, Claudia Hohmann, Jonas Heiberg, Andri Brugger, Alejandro Nuñez-Jimenez, COVID-19 and the academy: It is time for going digital, Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 68, 2020, 101684, ISSN 2214-6296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101684. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629620302590) Abstract: In many countries, the lock-down due to the COVID-19 pandemic triggered discussions on the use of digital interaction formats for academic exchange. The pace with which researchers adopted digital formats for conferences, lectures, and meetings revealed that currently available tools can substitute many of the physical interactions in the workplace. It also showed that academics are willing to use digital tools for scientific exchange. This article sheds light on scholars' experiences with digital formats and tools during the pandemic. We argue that digital interaction formats increase the inclusivity of knowledge exchange, reduce time and costs of organizing academic interactions, and enable more diverse workspaces with geographical and temporal flexibility. However, we also observe that digital interaction formats struggle to reproduce social interactions such as informal discussions, raise new concerns on data security, and can induce higher stress levels due to the blurring of the boundaries between work and private spaces. We argue that digital formats are not meant to substitute physical interactions entirely, but rather reshape how research communities operate and how academics socialize. We expect hybrid formats to emerge, which combine digital and physical interaction formats, and an increase in digital interactions between geographically distant working groups. We conclude that the time has come for digital interaction formats to be part of a new regime in the field of academic exchange. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "gep-ed" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to gep-ed+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. 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