Rich-T-kid commented on code in PR #23187:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/23187#discussion_r3559274640


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datafusion/physical-plan/src/aggregates/group_values/multi_group_by/dictionary.rs:
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@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::aggregates::group_values::multi_group_by::GroupColumn;
+use arrow::array::{
+    Array, ArrayRef, AsArray, BooleanBufferBuilder, DictionaryArray, 
PrimitiveArray,
+};
+use arrow::datatypes::{ArrowDictionaryKeyType, ArrowNativeType, DataType, 
Field};
+use datafusion_common::Result;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+/// A [`GroupColumn`] implementation for dictionary arrays.
+/// wraps an inner [`GroupColumn`] that stores the dictionary values, and uses 
a null sentinel for null keys.
+pub struct DictionaryGroupValuesColumn<K: ArrowDictionaryKeyType + Send + 
Sync> {
+    inner: Box<dyn GroupColumn>,
+    // unary array used as a null sentinel for dictionary keys that are null
+    null_array: ArrayRef,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<K>,
+}
+
+impl<K: ArrowDictionaryKeyType + Send + Sync> DictionaryGroupValuesColumn<K> {
+    pub fn new(inner: Box<dyn GroupColumn>, field: &Field) -> Self {
+        let null_array = arrow::array::new_null_array(field.data_type(), 1);
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            null_array,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn into_dict(values: ArrayRef) -> ArrayRef {

Review Comment:
   > valid_bounds is guarded with assert! which panics. A Dictionary(Int8, 
Utf8) column with >127 distinct groups would cause a panic in production rather 
than a graceful error. 
   
   This is already an issue with `GroupValueRows`, I created this issue to 
track it https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/23127
   
   a `Dictionary(Int8, Utf8)` with > 127 groups cannot be represented using the 
int8, this means we would be forced to bump the key type to the next support 
range being `int16`. The issue with bumping the key type  is the output schema 
of the dictionary must match the input schema. Changing this will cause panics 
for downstream operators.
   references : #7647 
   
   
   I can include a check in `append_val()`/`vectorized_append_val()` to return 
an error if this operation would overflow the key type.



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