The university won’t let me lag that long. But I never upgrade when a major 
version just comes out. 

Most people will want Rosetta for a little while at least. That will change 
with time of course  But I’m concerned that there might be compiling problems. 

Michael Barton
School of Human Evolution &Social Change
School of Complex Adaptive System Science
Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity
Arizona State University

...Sent from my iPad

> On Sep 25, 2023, at 5:44 AM, Nicklas Larsson <n_lars...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> 
> I think that would be wise.
> 
> Personally I am very careful to update OS in general, just jumped to 13 from 
> 12 the other day. Lagging about one year.
> 
> 
>> On 25 Sep 2023, at 14:38, Michael Barton <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>> 
>> Does this mean I should hole off upgrading to Sonoma for a bit?
>> 
>> Michael Barton
>> School of Human Evolution &Social Change
>> School of Complex Adaptive System Science
>> Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity
>> Arizona State University
>> 
>> ...Sent from my iPad
>> 
>>>> On Sep 25, 2023, at 4:12 AM, Nicklas Larsson <n_lars...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> On 25 Sep 2023, at 12:30, Gregor Hintner <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> Niklas, 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> thank you on the committed exploration of this issue, also independently 
>>>> verifying my own findings. 
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> I’m afraid this is a problem that will be a major issue in the time to 
>>> come, that we will have to deal with. Thank you for reporting!
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> From a layperson perspective it does seem reasonable to me that macOS 
>>>> wanted apps to initialize through a conventionally made and signed binary, 
>>>> and would appreciate if your team would consider that. I hope Apple would 
>>>> offer free signing certificates, or even developer program memberships for 
>>>> open source projects. 
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> It will be difficult to make a “conventionally made” Mac application of 
>>> GRASS, but a "fully working as expected" and signed one is possible. We are 
>>> fully aware that the present solution isn’t optimal, but it has worked. So 
>>> far. Now, apparently we will have to invest the time and sweat for making 
>>> it right.
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> By chance, did you check whether FreeCAD, the second app I encountered 
>>>> with an ARM release that caused the Rosetta dialog, has the same problem? 
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> Running `/Applications/FreeCAD.app/Contents/MacOS/FreeCAD` from Terminal 
>>> does work as well, so there is the same problem behind I guess. FreeCAD is 
>>> however code signed (so that’s not issue causing the Rosetta problem).
>>> 
>>> 
>>> Nicklas
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>>> Their team never replied to my inquiry on X, but perhaps we could help get 
>>>> them started to fix this too. 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> Cheers, 
>>>> Gregor
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>>>> On 2023-09-25, at 11:59 AM, Nicklas Larsson <n_lars...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>>>> 
>>>>> Gregor,
>>>>> 
>>>>> I now had the opportunity to test on macOS 14 RC and I can confirm this 
>>>>> issue. The problem seems related somehow to being initialised by a script.
>>>>> 
>>>>> I __did___ manage to start GRASS via Terminal:
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> 1. Run `/Applications/GRASS-8.3.app/Contents/MacOS/Grass.sh`
>>>>> 
>>>>> 2. System will complain…
>>>>> 
>>>>> 3. Go to 'System Settings > Privacy & Security > Security'
>>>>> 
>>>>> 4. In the settings I enabled GRASS to be allowed
>>>>> 
>>>>> 5. From now on `/Applications/GRASS-8.3.app/Contents/MacOS/Grass.sh` will 
>>>>> work
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> This is only a workaround, I will look into how this can be solved 
>>>>> properly. Maybe we have to make a binary that does the job the script now 
>>>>> does (that used to be the case some time ago). We should also invest some 
>>>>> time in creating a code signed app as well.
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> Nicklas
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>> 
>>>>>> On 22 Sep 2023, at 11:01, Nicklas Larsson via grass-dev 
>>>>>> <grass-dev@lists.osgeo.org> wrote:
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Gregor, thanks very much for the info! At least it ruled some things 
>>>>>> out, but I have still no idea what is causing this and it’s very 
>>>>>> difficult do the needed poking around without a similar setup (macOS 14 
>>>>>> without Rosetta installed). I’ll have to ponder on this, if this really 
>>>>>> is caused by some change by macOS 14, a solution must be found sooner 
>>>>>> rather than later.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> An alternative way to install GRASS with native architecture for ARM is 
>>>>>> with MacPorts [1]. It does, however, involve some Terminal-batics! If 
>>>>>> you are in need for other GIS software like QGIS in particular, MacPorts 
>>>>>> is currently, in my experience, a most solid solution with available 
>>>>>> GRASS plugin (as there is no native official QGIS.app bundle for ARM).
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> To be continued…
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>> Nicklas
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> [1] 
>>>>>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Compiling_on_macOS_using_MacPorts__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7CtEnL2MQ$
>>>>>>  
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> On 20 Sep 2023, at 16:47, Gregor Hintner <gregorhint...@icloud.com> 
>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Niklas,
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> please find my answers below:
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `file /usr/bin/osascript`
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> evidently still a universal binary, see this screenshot
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2023-09-20 at 4.13.56?PM.png>
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `osascript -i`
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> worked with no noticeable issues
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> /Applications/GRASS-8.3.app/Contents/MacOS/Grass.sh
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> produced the unverified developer warning as expected. Logically I 
>>>>>>> could and should probably override this, but with 10 years since my 
>>>>>>> last time coding, and having never learned the basics of UNIX, I would 
>>>>>>> prefer to follow the strictest Apple security guidelines, or sometimes 
>>>>>>> perhaps theater, when possible.
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2023-09-20 at 4.21.07?PM.png>
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `sw_vers -productVersion`
>>>>>>> 14.0
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2023-09-20 at 4.33.25?PM.png>
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> file /usr/bin/sw_vers
>>>>>>> universal binary
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2023-09-20 at 4.31.23?PM.png>
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Hope this helps,
>>>>>>> Gregor
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-20, at 9:52 AM, Nicklas Larsson <n_lars...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Gregor,
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Browsing the content of both GRASS.app and the FreeCAD.app, they seem 
>>>>>>>> correctly to have been built for arm machines. Both are based on conda 
>>>>>>>> dependencies and both are initiated by shell script.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> The shell script initialising GRASS involves the use of 
>>>>>>>> '/usr/bin/osascript', which on macOS 12 is a universal binary. Perhaps 
>>>>>>>> something did change with this command, please test the following:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `file /usr/bin/osascript`
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `osascript -i`
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> (which should enter interactive mode, you may exit with Ctrl-C).
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> You could also try start GRASS manually from Terminal:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `/Applications/GRASS-8.3.app/Contents/MacOS/Grass.sh`
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> (That step may, however, be prevented because of the app being 
>>>>>>>> unsigned).
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> For control, the FreeCAD shell script contains the following command:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `sw_vers -productVersion`
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Could you try that? ’sw_vers' is also a universal binary on macOS 12. 
>>>>>>>> What will the following give:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> `file /usr/bin/sw_vers`
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Best,
>>>>>>>> Nicklas
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> On 19 Sep 2023, at 20:54, Michael Barton <michael.bar...@asu.edu> 
>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> I've been corresponding with this GRASS user about how the software 
>>>>>>>>> works with the new Apple ARM processors. Nicklas and I have compiled 
>>>>>>>>> GRASS for ARM processors successfully. These are posted on the GRASS 
>>>>>>>>> for Mac site 
>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://cmbarton.github.io/grass-mac/__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7Cxb64tyQ$
>>>>>>>>>  ). When Gregor tries to launch GRASS under the new MacOS 14 (Sonoma) 
>>>>>>>>> he gets a notice that Rosetta (Intel processor emulator) is needed. 
>>>>>>>>> They launch on my ARM MacBook Pro with no notice, but I am not using 
>>>>>>>>> Sonoma yet.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Does anyone have any suggestions about what might be triggering this 
>>>>>>>>> notice at launch time? AFAIK, initialization only calls the following:
>>>>>>>>> 1. shell launch script
>>>>>>>>> 2. wxPython
>>>>>>>>> 3. Python
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Is there any other module or dependency that gets called at initial 
>>>>>>>>> launch (no maps displayed)?
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & Ecological 
>>>>>>>>> Sciences 
>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Begin forwarded message:
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> From: Gregor Hintner <gregorhint...@icloud.com>
>>>>>>>>>> Subject: Re: GRASS GIS for Apple Silicon Macs
>>>>>>>>>> Date: September 18, 2023 at 11:34:02 AM MST
>>>>>>>>>> To: Michael Barton <michael.bar...@asu.edu>
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Unfortunately I suspect we have had another miscommunication.
>>>>>>>>>> Let me list the specific steps that lead to the Rosetta prompt:
>>>>>>>>>> - Download GRASS 8.3.0 Apple ARM or GRASS 8.4dev from your webpage
>>>>>>>>>> - mount either downloaded Diskimage
>>>>>>>>>> - copy the GRASS application file from the mounted DMG to the 
>>>>>>>>>> Applications folder
>>>>>>>>>> - double click and launch the GRASS application
>>>>>>>>>> - macOS shows a prompt to install Rosetta to continue
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Obviously the prompt only appears when actually launching GRASS, the 
>>>>>>>>>> launch just never progresses past it, and no console or GUI can 
>>>>>>>>>> appear.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> To my eyes the OS behavior seems credible in this case, though I 
>>>>>>>>>> obviously have no insights beyond the regular UI level.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Could you send me an email contact to the GRASS dev list. I frankly 
>>>>>>>>>> never understood how these lists work, I assume some kind of e-mail 
>>>>>>>>>> chain, but I noticed no actual e-mail addresses on the main GRASS 
>>>>>>>>>> webpage, only on your Mac distribution site.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>>>>>>> Gregor
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-18, at 8:20 PM, Michael Barton <michael.bar...@asu.edu> 
>>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>  Gregor,
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> I lean toward this being a bug in the beta at the moment. The 
>>>>>>>>>>> reason is that installing GRASS should not raise a Rosetta request, 
>>>>>>>>>>> at least until you run GRASS. This is because GRASS is organized as 
>>>>>>>>>>> a set of independent modules, overlayed with an optional GUI. 
>>>>>>>>>>> Running GRASS invokes a shell script (that should not require 
>>>>>>>>>>> Rosestta, since it launches an ARM terminal) and than the GUI in 
>>>>>>>>>>> Python 3 and wxPython. But these should also be ARM compatible. It 
>>>>>>>>>>> is possible that one or more of the >300 individual modules or 
>>>>>>>>>>> dependencies require Rosetta. But these should not call Rosetta 
>>>>>>>>>>> until they are launched. Also, they are mostly in C and Python, 
>>>>>>>>>>> with some C++ code--all of which was compiled under ARM tools. You 
>>>>>>>>>>> might post this question to the GRASS dev list. It is hard to say 
>>>>>>>>>>> what is causing this message to appear in your beta when nothing is 
>>>>>>>>>>> launched.
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & Ecological 
>>>>>>>>>>> Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 17, 2023, at 8:02 PM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Understood!
>>>>>>>>>>>> If possible, and if you deem it worth it, I would kindly ask you 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to eventually address this presumed issue.
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple Silicon Mac users like myself will probably avoid to install 
>>>>>>>>>>>> the Rosetta framework also in the future, as more and more apps 
>>>>>>>>>>>> get native releases.
>>>>>>>>>>>> Obviously, as you offer your work voluntarily and for free, I have 
>>>>>>>>>>>> no way to make demands, I simply submit the suggestion for your 
>>>>>>>>>>>> consideration.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Furthermore I would truly hope for someone to develop a 
>>>>>>>>>>>> lightweight iPadOS map authoring app in the future, as foremost 
>>>>>>>>>>>> the interface, paired with Apple Pencil, just fits graphics and 
>>>>>>>>>>>> geometry oriented work very naturally, and I personally see the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> entire system architecture as much more pleasant and intuitive. 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Lastly I would really hope that land survey work can escape the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> ruthless grip of proprietary software platforms like the Autodesk 
>>>>>>>>>>>> apps.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Kind regards,
>>>>>>>>>>>> Gregor
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-18, at 4:19 AM, Michael Barton 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>  Thanks for the information. This is helpful. It is possible 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> that a dependency somewhere in the app needs Rosetta. However, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> the app is compiled with the ARM SDK and an ARM build environment.
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ecological Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 17, 2023, at 7:15 PM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I use an M2 MacBook Air purchased from Apple.com, running Sonoma 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Beta.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The machine shipped with Rosetta excluded from the macOS 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> installation as standard.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For that reason launching any Intel app will show me a prompt to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> first download and install Rosetta, with a GB amount noted, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> between 5-10 GB if I remember correctly.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Your GRASS Apple ARM binaries both show that same Rosetta 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> installation prompt upon launch, with no other way to proceed.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In comparison, most other Apple Silicon labelled app binaries I 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> tried, eg. Solvespace, run with no Rosetta prompt and 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement, as expected.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> However, as mentioned before, a second Apple Silicon labelled 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> app binary, FreeCAD, also causes the Rosetta prompt on my 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> system, making the possibility of a Sonoma Beta bug a bit more 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> likely.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple, AFAIK, have already reached the RC phase of the Beta 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> period though, and I have encountered this issue with no other 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> apps than these two.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I found this article picturing the Rosetta 2 install prompt I 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mention, proving the veracity of my account, in addition to all 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> but confirming the suspected difficulty to remove it after 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> installation.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> GH
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-18, at 3:28 AM, Michael Barton 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  Mac ARM does not require Rosetta. I am using it on my MacBook 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Pro 2023 without Rosetta.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I'm not sure what you mean by keeping your system free of 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Rosetta or changes in your system installation. I'm running 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> MacOS 13.5.1. AFAIK, there is no Mac OS installation option to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> include or not include Rosetta.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> GRASS makes no changes to the OS. All dependencies are within 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the app.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ecological Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 17, 2023, at 6:24 PM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I have no practical way to run GRASS since the Mac ARM version 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requires Rosetta. I want to keep my system free of Rosetta, or 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> any irreversible changes it might make in my system 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> installation.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In order to run GRASS I would need an actual Apple Silicon 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> native binary.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I hope I read the question correctly this time.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> G
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-18, at 3:13 AM, Michael Barton 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  You misunderstand my question. Did you try to import a DWG 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> into GRASS? If so, what steps did you go through and what was 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the output in the console?  
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> MIchael
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ecological Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 17, 2023, at 5:29 PM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Hours of online research, this stackoverflow post mentioning 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> GDAL as at least one possible DWG GeoJSON bridge, and 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> finding GRASS as one of the only actively maintained Mac 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> compatible GIS tools.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I find it puzzling that AutoDesk themselves offer almost no 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> export format choices for AutoCAD for Mac, see this support 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> article, and no JSON export for somewhat more capable 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Windows version.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> G
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-18, at 2:16 AM, Michael Barton 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  Gregor,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I am asking how you are trying to import DWG files in 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> GRASS? What steps dod you go through? You must have done 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> something in order to get the behavior you are asking about.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ecological Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 17, 2023, at 4:50 PM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I have no previous experience with GRASS, I can specify no 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> specific modules.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I simply wanted to find an Apple Silicon compatible map 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> authoring tool that allowed me to, import, view and edit 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> property line geometry from a DWG file.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I might have misjudged the feature scope of GRASS for that 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> purpose.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In regard to listing a release as “Apple ARM”, I would 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expect it to only contain fully ARM native code, and no 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> x86 architecture dependencies.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I really see no room for negotiation or interpretation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Gregor
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-18, at 1:27 AM, Michael Barton 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  These are up to date. The ARM apps are set up to not 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> require Rosetta for normal GRASS modules. However, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> whether or not a piece of code will run natively with 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple Silicon depends on how that code was developed and 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> its dependencies. I am compiling the normal GRASS source 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> code, however it is designed.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You say that you "hoped for GRASS GIS to help me on the 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> DWG to GeoJSON conversion and editing". Which GRASS 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> modules are you using for this? If it is a regular GRASS 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> module, then the best bet is to contact the developer who 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is maintaining that module or to post your question on 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the GRASS dev list.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Michael
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social & 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ecological Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 16, 2023, at 4:42 PM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - GRASS 8.3.0 Apple ARM, 23/6/24
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> - GRASS 8.4dev Apple ARM, 23/8/14
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> both downloaded today from 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cmbarton.github.io/grass-mac/download .
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Both prompted for Rosetta during launch.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> U subsequently did encounter the same unexpected Rosetta 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> prompt from the Mac ARM version 0.21.1 of freecad , so 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> who knows whether macOS Sonoma does trigger some 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> unexpected incompatibility. Other third party Apple 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Silicon, ARM releases run just fine though, eg. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> solvespace and everything published on the App Store of 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> course.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Gregor
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2023-09-16, at 8:12 PM, Michael Barton 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <michael.bar...@asu.edu> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  Greg,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Can you tell me which version you downloaded, when you 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> downloaded it, and when it was compiled
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> _____________________________
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> C. Michael Barton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Associate Director, School of Complex Adaptive Systems 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://scas.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://shesc.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Center for Social Dynamics & Complexity 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://complexity.asu.edu)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arizona State University
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Tempe, AZ 85287-2701
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> USA
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Executive Director, Open Modeling Foundation 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://openmodelingfoundation.github.io__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7DeXKUbKg$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Director, Network for Computational Modeling in Social 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> & Ecological Sciences 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://comses.net__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7B46j2_8g$
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> personal website: http://www.public.asu.edu/~cmbarton
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sep 16, 2023, at 7:44 AM, Gregor Hintner 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <gregorhint...@icloud.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dear Prof. Barton,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> thank you for maintaining GRASS GIS bundles for, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> indeed, the world’s best computers.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I have no previous GIS experience, but have come to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> look for a way of converting positioning data, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> delivered to me in 3D DWG format from a land survey 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> assignment, to IGES or STEP, and GeoJSON for further 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> use.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I had hoped for GRASS GIS to help me on the DWG to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> GeoJSON conversion and editing side, but your most 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> recent listed stable and development Apple ARM 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> releases have both asked for Rosetta ton run.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> May I ask you to help me understand why?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I do run the latest MacOS Sonoma Beta, I see no reason 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> how or why this should affect Rosetta requirement 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> however.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Kind regards,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Gregor Hintner
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> grass-dev mailing list
>>>>>> grass-dev@lists.osgeo.org
>>>>>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-dev__;!!IKRxdwAv5BmarQ!dgVkpS9cztwvGGv-hsTRc5Vc0o6QJ28v5wxcBt3iZpXBnC-G0_E1qUasCdMvWceVKSW2z3TMfHwuQ7AoFKuSDg$
>>>>>>  
>>>>> 
>>> 
> 
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