Hira:
Saya masih belum memahami tentang pendapat Anda bahwa hasil rekayasa
genetika mungkin menyebabkan bahaya lingkungan masa depan.
Selama mengikuti mail list ini, saya sering membaca kecenderungan pendapat
seperti ini. Namun latar belakang pemikirannya belum terbahas secara
memmadai. Kalau memang pembahasannya belum banyak dan mendalam, mungkin
kita bisa memulainya. Kita perlu tahu benar binatang macam apakah
transgenic organisms itu. Apakah semuanya sama sehingga bisa
di-generalisasi atau perlu di lihat satu-persatu.
Sebelum membahas transgenic organisma ini (saya lebih suka yang tanaman,
karena saya tidak tahu binatang), kita perlu memakai paradigma yang sama
dahulu tentang buat apa teknologi itu (rekayasa genetika adalah teknologi
tinggi yang berdasar biologi molekular dengan genetika cell somatik). Saya
lebih suka memakai paradigma teknologi sebagai pembebas dari ketergantungan
manusia terhadap lingkungan. Paradigma ini pernah diucapkan oleh Menristek
Hikam, tapi telah saya baca jauh sebelumnya dari surat Einstein pada
mahasiswa Caltech yang dapat dibaca di buku Ilmu dalam Perspektif yang
berisi kumpulan tulisan yang di kumpulkan oleh Jujun S Soeriasumantri,
terbitan Gramedia.
Dengan paradigma teknologi sebagai pembebas, maka produk hasil rekayasa
genetika itu positif. Misalnya kapas Bt. Dengan adanya gen Bt, maka
tanamanan kapas memproduksi racun Bt. Serangga yang biasanya menghancurkan
produksi kapas akan mati bila makan daun atau bagian lain dari kapas
tersebut. Manfaatnya adalah mengurangi penggunaan pestisida. Membebaskan
petani/penanam kapas dari keperluan mennyemprot pestisida, yang bila tidak
hati-hati juga akan merugikan kesehatan. Lalu akan timbul pertanyaan bahwa
serangga hama akan mengalami evolusi dan akhirnya tahan terhadap kapas Bt
tsb dan serangga lain pada mati dan akan menggangu rantai makanan dan akan
menimbulkan ledakan populasi serangga lain atau lebih menakutkan lagi bahwa
serangga-serangga akan punah dan keragaman hayati akan hancur. Kemungkinan
itu ada dan memang dipelajari cara mengatasinya. Beberapa kemungkinan
penyelesaian yang pernah saya dengar atau baca adalah bahwa dalam menanam
kapas Bt, disisakan sekitar 20% areal ditanam kapas biasa. Daerah penyangga
20% ini disediakan untuk serangga hama yang menjadi tahan Bt untuk
bereproduksi dengan serangga yang tidak tahan Bt sehingga populasi serangga
tahan Bt tidak menjadi dominan. Pendekatan ini didahului oleh studi
genetika yang menghasilkan pengetahuan bahwa gen ketahanan terhadap Bt pada
serangga tertentu diturunkan secara resesif. Dengan 20% daerah penyangga
ini, produksi optimum dan secara ekologi tidak berbahaya (yang terakhir ini
bisa didiskusikan lebih lanjut).
Menurut saya varietas hasil rekayasa genetika pada umumnya tidak banyak
beda dengan varietas-varietas lain dalam aspek ekologi, keragaman hayati dan
sosial ekonomi petani. Varietas-varietas ini adalah alternatif yang bisa
dipilih tapi tidak harus dipilih. Sebagaimana suatu produk teknologi,
selalu ada aturan pakai serta peringatan tentang kemungkinan
kesalahgunaannya. Hal-hal terkait seperti ini perlu diperhatikan dan
dipatuhi. Namun karena memang rekayasa genetika itu teknologi baru, perlu
hati-hati. Kehati-hatian sangat diperlukan tetapi tidak harus melampaui
batas apalagi sampai apriori bahwa produk itu jelek dan berbahaya bagi
lingkungan.
Salam,
Tjak Witjaksono
(Staf Peneliti Puslitbang Biologi-LIPI)
Sedang menjalani Academic Training/Postdoctoral Research Associate
Tropical Research and Education center
University of Florida
18905 SW 280th Street
Homestead Florida 33031-3314
USA
-----Original Message-----
From: Hira D.G. [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
Sent: Thursday, November 25, 1999 7:20 AM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [lingkungan] Waspadai ikan transgenic di Bali
Teman-teman
Berikut ini kabar dari rekan kita Riza Tjahjadi dari Pan Indonesia tentang
kemungkinan bahwa ikan transgenik sudah beredar di Bali. Tidak hanya itu,
seorang staf balitbio,deptan juga mengakui bahwa sudah memberikan ijin
untuk uji lokasi bagi lima jenis tanaman yaitu: jagung bt, kapas bt, jagung
tahan herbisida, kapas tahan herbisida dan kedelai tahan herbisida. Dugaan
kami semuanya ini milik monsanto.
Bagi teman-teman yang berminat mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut dapat
minta ke Riza atau Ika di [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Pada pokoknya, permasalahannya adalah bahwa produk hasil rekayasa genetika
mungkin sudah beredar dan mulai diuji tanpa diketahui masyarakat, baik
konsumen akhir maupun petani. Karena itu kita perlu waspada dan melakukan
sesuatu untuk mencegah kemungkinan bencana lingkungan abad depan.
Salam
Hira
->
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Riza V. Tjahjadi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> To: Antonio Onorati <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; Beth Burrows <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; Biothai
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> biswajit ,dhar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; cecilia oh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
Chee
> Yoke Ling <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> David ,Hathaway <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> Edward ,Hammond <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; FPH ,Lausanne <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> Gallagher, Kevin ,(AGPP) <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; GRAIN - Anna-Rosa ,M.
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; HEKS <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; MASIPAG <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> Pacific Institute of ,Resource Management <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; PAN
> Asia ,Pacific <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; Patrick Harvey
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>;
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Cc: GRAIN Los Ba�os <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Date: Sunday, November 21, 1999 9:57 PM
> Subject: Alert, Transgenic fish in Bali
>
>
> David, GRAIN, PANAP, Pimbert, Benny Greenpeace, Anna Rosa-GRAIN, Beth,
> SEACON,
> Kristin, Kevin/KenMore.
>
>
> GRAIN Los Ba�os <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>
>
> Dear friends,
>
>
> It was found transgenic fish in Bali island, such as confirmed by
> chairperson
> of the agency for food crops R&D of department of agriculture to an oral
> report
> by agricultural staff. But, there is not well understanding by him how to
> monitor/examined within biosafety containment. Moreover there is none
> equipment
> within the R&D for food crops of DoA.
>
> This situation shown when I was invited, represent the Indonesian's
Consumer
> International (YLKI) to a session on discussion of the problem of
transgenic
> crops, in the meeting on the appraisal and approvement of releasing crops
> variety last Thursday 18 November 1999 in Bogor West Jawa.
>
> Until now, yet release transgenic crop by both biosafety committee and
the
> minister of agriculture, although, at least, two Bt corn submitted by
> Monagro
> (owned by Monsanto) and Pioneer have passed biosafety contaiment and
limited
> field testing. Meanwhile, a volunteer of PAN Indonesia has found a field
> testing area of Bt cotton in southeast part of South Sulawesi province.
>
> Moreover, it was also reported by a quarantine officer there are 16
> containers
> of corn under authorise by TNI, the Indonesian military, for food aid
> package
> or so to Dili East Timor and NTT (West Timor). However, he complaint he
was
> invited to a meeting in the TNI head quarter to discuss solution since
it's
> corn in the hand of TNI but without any document. He did not know the
> origin,
> type of corn, granted or credit, etc. it just the amount, 16 containers.
>
> On the other hand, I have stated freeze or suspend or pending to
transgenic
> crops for approval, until the controversial debate on GMOs settle down,
but
> I
> rejected to set time for freezing (this just tactic when most of people
were
> government and TNCs in the meeting).
>
> I have made altert to the Indonesian NGOs about information above.
>
> You can ask further to:
>
> Dr. Sumarno
> KaBalitang Tanaman Pangan Deptan/
> Komisi Keamanan Hayati Deptan
> Jl. Merdeka No. 147 Bogor
> Telp (62-251) 334089, 331718
> Fax: (62-251) 312755
>
>
> best regards,
> Riza VT
> PAN Indonesia
> Jl. Persada Raya No. 1 Menteng Dalam
> Jakarta 12870
> Telp. & Fax: (021) 8296545
>
>
> PS: Obet, your inputs very valuable, but it late; I received on Friday.
>
> Roberto Verzola wrote:
>
> > >What are your suggestions when you are formally invited to put
decision
> for
> > relasing transgenic seeds, by national HYV seed committee?
> >
> > I am with our national biosafety committee. I'm fighting to stop the
> > field-testing of Bt corn in the Philippines. The other members of the
> > committee hate me...
>
> ______________________
> At 20:21 25/10/99 +0700, you wrote:
> >>>>
> Bt-Ctt, now, in S. Sulawesi
>
> Dear friends,
>
> Bt-cotton has been growing. Now, I can really feel the same thing with
> Biothai. I have similar challenge AGAINST Bt-cotton that had
> expressed by Biothai.
>
> Last week my volunteer, Judi Rahardjo found a Monsanto' Bt-cotton
field
> in
> South Sulawesi province. It's around 2 hectares large, located near a
beach
> line, in between rice fields, trees, and prawn/hatchery brackish pond,
art
> center building (not shop and/or gallery), and a small scale seaport.
>
> Today, several pictures he has snapped (at flowering stage) arrived
in
> my
> table. Unfortunately, I can't visit the area, since, you know, the
> university
> students continue demand for independence. Air flight schedule becoming
> uncertain.
>
> I and several volunteers began preparing strategic option for
> campaign.
>
> So, I need your inputs. Which the effective way? Rallies (compete
the
> university studuent?) Public hearing? Publid debate?
> Send press release while questioning biosafety, unproper public
> notification?
>
> Your inputs and suggestion will very valuable for me and volunteers
in
> Makasar city (capital of South Sulawesi province).
>
> Biothai, we are hand-in-hand, now..! Bt-cotton in our backyard.
>
> regards,
>
> Riza VT
> PAN Indonesia
> Jl. Persada Raya No. 1 Menteng Dalam
> Jakarta 12870 Indonesia
> Telp. & Fax: 62-21-8296545
>
> ___________________________
>
>
>
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