Many thanks to everybody on the list for the awful a lot help I received. 
I'm impressed by the amount, quality and speed of the responses I received!
> See the FAQ[1] for how to interpret the output. ...
Very helpful, thanks. 
 
> The solution is to free up some of the data allocation, using a filtered 
> balance.
As noted in my original post, this is already part of my "voodoo" I'm doing in 
these situations. 
Will newer kernel relieve me from this burden?

FYI: On executing "btrfs fi show" the first time after I deleted many snapshots 
and did a filtered (-dusage) balance, it reported sth. like 
        devid    1 size 119.21GiB used 117.03GiB
now (after a unfiltered balance?) it reports 
        devid    1 size 119.21GiB used 66.06GiB

I'm really confuzzled.

> [..] Ubuntu repeatedly chooses to stabilize on exactly the wrong kernel 
> versions.
> ..
> Give http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.1.13-wily/ a try.
Could not agree more. Will give wily kernel a try.

> The output is really a little confusing. [..] should make the output more 
> understandable. 
+1 
Considering that the status of a file systems should be understandable by 
regular users, it would be great if the btrfs tools could provide additional 
user hints like _"I seems your metadata space is running out of space. Please 
run `foo bar` to resolve this situation or consult FAQ[4] for more details"_. 

Austin Hemmelgarn commented on my ZFS comparison. His argument sound very 
vigilant taking into account the benefit of a  GPL-compliant FOSS FS like btrfs 
vs. a stabilized ZFS.

The thing I appreciate in ZFS as user most, is the very user friendly interface 
of it's tools. Just have a look at the following output:

        # zpool status
        Permission denied the ZFS utilities must be run as root.
        # sudo zpool status
          pool: zfstank
         state: ONLINE
        status: Some supported features are not enabled on the pool. The pool 
can
                still be used, but some features are unavailable.
        action: Enable all features using 'zpool upgrade'. Once this is done,
                the pool may no longer be accessible by software that does not 
support
                the features. See zpool-features(5) for details.
          scan: scrub repaired 0 in 23h56m with 0 errors on Mon Aug 31 01:21:26 
2015
        config: ...
        errors: No known data errors

This output is totally self explaining. In case of errors, ZFS will simply 
lists the broken files and tell you about your options to resolve the issue 
(restore backup, overwrite, delete). It uses easy terms & guides me in many 
places.

In contrast the terminology in btrfs (DUP, Metadata, Global Reserve) is rather 
intimidating, and as already stated, the output to a simple command like "disk 
free" rather difficult to understand. But btrfs seems to make progress here.

Again thanks for all the helpful feedback here on the list! 

I'm still a bit puzzled how to avoid my situation in the first place. 
Should I pick "btrfs show" in favor to "btrfs fi df" to learn about an 
impending "disk full" situation?  
Will newer kernels do the balance on their own? 

-Ben


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