Dear David, and others,
Be careful with the code you just introduced here. There are a couple of
mistakes. First, vectors need to be unit length. You code does not transform
the vectors to unit length. Second, it’s the arccosine, the cosine of the
vector inner product that finds the angle. Third, though less of an error but
more of a precision issue, there is no need to round 180/pi, as you have done.
This is what R will return if you ask it to divide 180 by pi, but the four
decimal places are for your visual benefit. By using 180/pi instead of
57.2958, the results will be more precise. This last part is not much issue
but the first two are big problems.
Here is a demo using two x,y vectors - 0,1 and 1,1 - which we know has an angle
of 45 degrees between them in a plane. I calculate the angles using your
method and one with unit length vectors and arccosine of their inner products,
which is what we use in geomorph.
> v1 <- c(1,0)
> v2 <- c(1,1)
> V <- rbind(v1, v2)
>
> # Katz method
> vec.mat <- V
> angle.mat <- matrix(NA,nrow=nrow(vec.mat),ncol=nrow(vec.mat))
> vec.angle <- function(v1,v2){cos(t(v1)%*%v2)*57.2958}
> for(i in 1:nrow(vec.mat)) {
+ for(j in 1:nrow(vec.mat)) {
+ angle.mat[i, j] <- vec.angle(vec.mat[i,], vec.mat[j,])
+ }
+ }
>
> angle.mat
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 30.95705 30.95705
[2,] 30.95705 -23.84347
>
> geomorph:::vec.ang.matrix(V, type = "deg")
v1 v2
v1 0 45
v2 45 0
As you can see, using the cosine and not transforming the vectors to unit
length finds results that suggest there is some non-0 degree angle between a
vector and itself, in addition to the incorrect angle between vectors.
You indicated that you were patching together code, so it might be an
oversight, but it is an important distinction for others who might use the
code. Here are the “guts” of the geomorph functions in case somebody wants to
reconcile the points I just made with the set-up in your code, which is similar.
> geomorph:::vec.cor.matrix
function(M) {
M <- as.matrix(M)
w <- 1/sqrt(diag(tcrossprod(M))) # weights used to make vectors unit length
vc = tcrossprod(M*w)# outer-product matrix finds inner-products between
vectors for all elements
options(warn = -1) # turn off warnings for diagonal elements
vc # vector correlations returned
}
> geomorph:::vec.ang.matrix
function(M, type = c("rad", "deg", "r")){
M <- as.matrix(M)
type <- match.arg(type)
if(type == "r") {
vc <- vec.cor.matrix(M) # as above
} else {
vc <- vec.cor.matrix(M)
vc <- acos(vc) # finds angles for vector correlations
diag(vc) = 0 # Make sure computational 0s are true 0s
}
if(type == "deg") vc <- vc*180/pi # turns radians into degrees
vc
}
These functions have some extras that would not pertain to the general solution
but are meant to trap warnings and round 0s for users, but they should not get
in the way of understanding.
Cheers!
Mike
> On Nov 3, 2017, at 11:33 AM, David Katz <dck...@ucdavis.edu> wrote:
>
> I think this does it (but please check; I quickly stuck together two
> different pieces of code)...
>
> # matrix where each vector is a row
> vec.mat <- ...
> #Compute group*loci matrix of mean microsatellite lengths
> angle.mat <- matrix(NA,nrow=nrow(vec.mat),ncol=nrow(vec.mat))
> # angle function (radians converted to degrees)
> vec.angle <- function(v1,v2){cos(t(v1)%*%v2)*57.2958}
> # angles-to-matrix loop
> for(i in 1:nrow(vec.mat))
> {
> for(j in 1:nrow(vec.mat))
> {
> # angle bw vec1 and vec2
> angle.mat[i, j] <- vec.angle(vec.mat[i,], vec.mat[j,])}
> }
> return(angle.mat)
> }
>
> On Fri, Nov 3, 2017 at 2:38 AM, andrea cardini <alcard...@gmail.com
> <mailto:alcard...@gmail.com>> wrote:
> Dear All,
> please, does anyone know if there's an R package that, using a matrix with
> several vectors (e.g., coefficients for allometric regressions in different
> taxa), will compute the pairwise (all possible pairs of taxa) matrix of
> vector angles?
>
> Thanks in advance for any suggestion.
> Cheers
>
> Andrea
>
>
> --
>
> Dr. Andrea Cardini
> Researcher, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di
> Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 103 - 41125 Modena - Italy
> <https://maps.google.com/?q=Emilia,+Via+Campi,+103+-+41125+Modena+-+Italy&entry=gmail&source=g>
> tel. 0039 059 2058472
>
> Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology,
> The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009,
> Australia
>
> E-mail address: alcard...@gmail.com <mailto:alcard...@gmail.com>,
> andrea.card...@unimore.it <mailto:andrea.card...@unimore.it>
> WEBPAGE: https://sites.google.com/site/alcardini/home/main
> <https://sites.google.com/site/alcardini/home/main>
>
> FREE Yellow BOOK on Geometric Morphometrics:
> http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/public/journals/3/issue_241_complete_100.pdf
>
> <http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/public/journals/3/issue_241_complete_100.pdf>
>
> ESTIMATE YOUR GLOBAL FOOTPRINT:
> http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/
> <http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/>
>
> --
> MORPHMET may be accessed via its webpage at http://www.morphometrics.org
> <http://www.morphometrics.org/>
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>
>
>
> --
> David C. Katz, Ph.D.
> Postdoctoral Fellow
> Benedikt Hallgrimsson Lab
> University of Calgary
>
> Research Associate
> Department of Anthropology
> University of California, Davis
>
> ResearchGate profile <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Katz29>
> Personal webpage
> <https://davidckatz.wordpress.com/>
>
> --
> MORPHMET may be accessed via its webpage at http://www.morphometrics.org
> <http://www.morphometrics.org/>
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