If the loop-gain is sufficiently low, any non-linearities at the output will get self-corrected (because of the negative feedback) *at low-frequency*. If the signal frequency is high-enough, or if there is low-bandwidth in the feedback network, then the output will definitely behave differently than you would expect due to the frequency response of the OP-amp (or your feedback network, such as an RC filter that isn't properly designed).
This is where SPICE simulations are imperative. I wont use an OP-amp unless the manufacturer provides a SPICE model. On Monday, April 5, 2021 at 2:53:16 PM UTC-7 Terry Bowman wrote: > > On Apr 1, 2021, at 8:52 AM, chuckrr <chu...@all2easy.net> wrote: > > Doing do on an LM-324 runs the output at around 7.45 volts > when the chip is operating from a single 9 volt supply. > > > This reminds me of an aspect of the LM324 worth including in this thread. > It's the kind of real-world issue that doesn't come up until the second or > third chapter of an operational amplifiers textbook. I doubt that it's a > concern for the original poster but I'm a bit hazy on details myself so I'm > hoping that someone else can remind me. > > The LM324 is capable of working reliably on both bipolar and single power > supplies. This versatility combined with its low price makes it a good > all-around choice for a wide variety of less critical applications. > > A friend of mine, someone much cleverer than I'll ever be, ran into what > he assumed to be limitation imposed by its single supply capability. He was > designing a circuit with a bipolar PS and simply couldn't get the 324 to > behave. IIRC, he told me that there's glitch that occurs when the output > crosses zero volts while slewing from negative to positive. > > He ended up using something else, problem solved. Has anyone else heard of > this? > > > Terry Bowman, KA4HJH > "The Mac Doctor" > > https://www.astarcloseup.com/ > > “...the book said something astonishing, a very big thought. The stars, it > said, were suns but very far away. The Sun was a star but close up.”—Carl > Sagan, "The Backbone Of Night", *Cosmos*, 1980 > > > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "neonixie-l" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to neonixie-l+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/neonixie-l/3df4f407-a98c-49ed-ba7b-9faa6759dcf7n%40googlegroups.com.
