What is Benchmarking?

Benchmarking is a tool to help you improve your business processes. Any business process can be benchmarked.

One of the biggest mistakes people make when beginning their benchmarking endeavor is that they only look to benchmark someone within their own industry. Although this doesn't hurt, you probably already know enough about your industry to know what works and what doesn't. Worse yet, some people think they must benchmark their competitor. What if the competition is worse than your company? Seems like a pretty good waste of time end energy.

How about benchmarking a company that is well known for being a good model. Sometimes referred to as Best Practices, Exemplary Practices, Business Excellence. Bottom Line, who does the business process real well and has processes that are adaptable to your organization. Who is the most compatible for me to benchmark. Do I need to conduct a full on benchmark study or can I get 80-90% of what I need from just using the telephone, email, or an electronic survey. All these questions need to get addressed before you start ... Most business processes are common throughout industry. For example; NASA has the same fundamental Human Resources requirements for hiring and developing employees as does American Express. British Telecom has the same Customer Satisfaction Survey process as Brooklyn Union Gas. These processes, albeit from different industries, are all common and can be benchmarked very effectively. It's called "getting out of the box".

Benchmarking -
Past, Present and Future (January 2000 edition)

Each year, for the past nine years, The Benchmarking Exchange (TBE) reports on the most actively benchmarked business processes from the preceding year. The information is collected from thousands of TBE members and ranked by the most benchmarked process for the year. The purpose of the annual ranking is to show what business processes are being focused on the most and to provide a bit of insight as to what to expect in the coming year. The business processes shown are among hundreds of business processes and sub-processes tracked in TBE's Posting Board(sm) database.

Business Process

Year 2000
Ranking

Most Recent 4 Years cumulative

Employee Development

1

2

Customer Satisfaction

2

4

Human Resources

3

3

Marketing

4

22

Process Improvement/Management

5

1

Not surprisingly, Employee Development is in first place. Combining this with Employee Benefits (ranked #6), it's very clear that organizations continue to be heavily committed to and involved with their employee's interests. With unemployment at an all-time low and skill levels on the rise, holding on to your most valuable asset, the employee, has become more important than ever.

Employee Development includes areas such as Training, Career Counseling and Assessments. With all the new technology available via the Internet, in addition to the traditional learning tools, e-Learning has recently become the new wave for efficient training.

 

Customer Satisfaction includes sub-processes such as Customer Service, Customer Focus and Help Desks. It would appear that in the past, organizations were so busy trying to manage their internal processes that the Customer was put aside. As you would expect, Customers began to revolt and exit. Once organizations were done putting out their internal fires (and if they were still around) they were able to better focus on Customer issues. With competition at an all-time high and the recent deregulation of several industries, the Customer process is sure to be in the top five for years to come. Expect to see this process gain even more momentum with the advent of new Customer service tools (product and service ordering, technical and sales material, etc.); available via the Internet.

Human Resources continues to be among the top five processes benchmarked in 2000. It seems that with all of the mergers, downsizing, rightsizing, and upsizing activity in the mid-to-late 90's, that the need for better benefits packages, recruitment of new skilled employees and retaining existing skilled employees have created many challenges for Human Resources. Merger mania is still going strong, but has become more of an international effort rather than within the same country. This keeps employees in their jobs because of the difficulty in consolidating departments and/or functions when organizations reside in multiple countries. But you need to keep them happy! So, Human Resources is sure to be challenged with new technologies, employee needs and stakeholder interests for quite sometime.

The Marketing process jumped from the shadows at 35th place in 1999 to hitting the top five as 4th place in 2000. This is the most dramatic process focus turnaround we've ever seen. Chances are, your organization spent some serious money in the past year on Internet Marketing. The incredibly high Return On Investment (ROI) of marketing on the Internet can't be ignored. You must, and you will, market your products and services on the Net. Even if your organization doesn't sell directly to the public, your website will be pointing potential Customers to a distributor's website. With just a couple of mouse clicks, a potential Customer can have a complete catalogue to peruse with up to the minute product selections, availability and prices. And, since the ROI is so good, sellers can offer substantial discounts for orders made over the web and still realize a high profit margin. Even if you don't have anything to sell (government agencies for example), you will have a website. Even the smallest company can look and feel like a giant at a fraction of the cost of other forms of marketing. Internet Search Engines such as Yahoo, Google, Lycos and hundreds more, steer potential, and more importantly, interested clients right to your door. Like catfish in a barrel.

The Process Improvement/Management function itself is beginning to slip off the top five processes to benchmark. 1998/1999 saw a considerable amount of activity in benchmarking this process. It now appears organizations have their Process Improvement/Management infrastructure in place and are now well underway in setting out to assess themselves to see what other opportunities for improvement can be found.

Benchmarking Do's and Don'ts

Author: Amy Cannello, GM Service Parts

DO's

DON'Ts

  • Obtain Management Commitment
  • Obtain Resource Commitments
  • Follow Code of Conduct
  • Provide Summary Report
  • Debrief ASAP
  • Be Flexible
  • Have too Broad of Scope
  • Proceed without Process Modeling
  • Use Questionnaire for "Process"
  • Have Separate Implementation Team
  • Design Lengthy Questionnaire
  • Give up!
    •  

      BENCHMARKING ETHICAL AND LEGAL GUIDELINES

      Benchmarking :

      • the process of identifying and learning from best practices anywhere in the world
      • is a powerful tool in the quest for continuous improvement.

      Successful benchmarking includes personal interaction, openness, sharing and the transfer of information. Trust between Benchmarking Parties is fundamental. To respect the rights and prerogatives of others and reflect legal considerations and limitations, the following guidelines are suggested for any benchmarking interaction.

      ETHICS:

      • Principles, guidelines, or standards, that determine a protocol of interaction between individuals and organizations.
      • Deal in a forthright and above board manner.
      • Provide for a clear understanding of the intended use of information. Consult your partner(s) should your intent change.
      • Conduct benchmarking activities with integrity and in a professional manner. Establish specific ground rules up front, particularly when benchmarking with a competitor.

      LEGALITY:

      • Never misrepresent yourself or your organizations interests in a benchmarking interchange.
      • Treat information obtained from a benchmarking partner as privileged. Identify all parties who will have access and the extent of that access.
      • Comply with antitrust laws; be aware of potentially sensitive issues and consult with legal counsel if any data gathering procedure is in doubt, particularly if dealing with current or potential competitors.

      PROPRIETARY INFORMATION:

      Any information (in tangible or intangible form):

      • Created, acquired, or controlled by the Company that has not been published or released without restriction and
      • Of a type the Company wishes to maintain confidential Proprietary information includes various kinds of technical, financial, product, personnel, customer, marketing and business information, as well as "Inside Information" per Securities and Exchange Commission requirements.
      • Request and accept only the types and levels of information that you and your organization are willing to share.
      • Understand your and your partner organizations definitions, restrictions, controls on proprietary information.
      • Respect the sensitivity of partner organizations in areas that you might not consider proprietary.
      • Seek prior understanding about what can be shared and/or how it might be used.
      • Consult legal counsel on restrictions or rights regarding proprietary information.

      INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:

      Refers to the kind of property created from intellectual activities in the industrial, scientific, literary, or artistic fields. It includes business and technical information (e.g., scientific works, inventions, industrial designs, computer programs) and material that might lead to patents, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, and commercial names or designations.

      • Know the internal organization source for any information that your organization plans to provide in a benchmarking exchange.
      • Understand the nature and value of your organizations intellectual property. Respect the values of your benchmarking partner.
      • Seek prior understanding about what can be shared and how it might be used.
      • Consult legal counsel on restrictions or rights regarding intellectual property.

      CONCLUSION :

      Knowing the nature of the benchmarking topic, dealing ethically and legally, understanding information exchange latitudes, and following The Benchmarking Code of Conduct will contribute to a successful and mutually beneficial benchmarking interchange.

      THE BENCHMARKING CODE OF CONDUCT

      Benchmarking :

      • the process of identifying and learning from best practices anywhere in the world
      • is a powerful tool in the quest for continuous improvement.

      To contribute to efficient, effective and ethical benchmarking, individuals agree for themselves and their organization to abide by the following principles for benchmarking with other organizations:

      1. Principle of LEGALITY. Avoid discussions or actions that might lead to or imply an interest in restraint of trade: market or customer allocation schemes, price fixing, dealing arrangements, bid rigging, bribery, or misappropriation. Do not discuss costs with competitors if costs are an element of pricing.
      2. Principle of EXCHANGE. Be willing to provide the same level of information that you request, in any benchmarking exchange.
      3. Principle of CONFIDENTIALITY. Treat benchmarking interchange as something confidential to the individuals and organizations involved. Information obtained must not be communicated outside the partnering organizations without prior consent of participating benchmarking partners. An organization's participation in a study should not to be communicated externally without their permission.
      4. Principle of USE. Use information obtained through benchmarking partnering only for the purpose of improvement of operations within the partnering companies themselves. External use or communication of a benchmarking partner's name with their data or observed practices requires permission of that partner. Do not, as a consultant or client, extend one company's benchmarking study findings to another without the first company's permission.
      5. Principle of FIRST PARTY CONTACT. Initiate contacts, whenever possible, through a benchmarking contact designated by the partner company. Obtain mutual agreement with the contact on any hand off of communication or responsibility to other parties.
      6. Principle of THIRD PARTY CONTACT. Obtain an individual's permission before providing their name in response to a contact request.
      7. Principle of PREPARATION. Demonstrate commitment to the efficiency and effectiveness of the benchmarking process with adequate preparation at each process step; particularly, at initial partnering contact.

      REMEMBER: Keep It Legal Be Willing to Give what your Get Respect Confidentiality Keep Information Internal Use Benchmarking Contacts Don't Refer Without Permission Be Prepared at Initial Contact ETIQUETTE AND ETHICS In actions between benchmarking partners, the emphasis is on openness and trust.

      The following guidelines apply to both partners in a benchmarking encounter:

      • In benchmarking with competitors, establish specific ground rules up front, e.g., "We don't want to talk about those things that will give either of us a competitive advantage, rather, we want to see where we both can mutually improve or gain benefit."
      • Do not ask competitors for sensitive data or cause the benchmarking partner to feel that sensitive data must be provided to keep the process going.
      • Use an ethical third party to assemble and blind competitive data, with inputs from legal counsel, for direct competitor comparisons.
      • Consult with legal counsel if any information gathering procedure is in doubt, e.g., before contacting a direct competitor.
      • Any information obtained from a benchmarking partner should be treated as internal, privileged information.
      • Do not:

      1. Disparage a competitor's business or operations to a third party.
      2. Attempt to limit competition or gain business through the benchmarking relationship.
      3. Misrepresent oneself as working for another employer.

      BENCHMARKING EXCHANGE PROTOCOL

      As the benchmarking process proceeds to the exchange of information, benchmarkers are expected to:

      • Know and abide by The Benchmarking Code of Conduct.
      • Have basic knowledge of benchmarking and follow a benchmarking process.
      • Have determined what to benchmark, identified key performance variables, recognized superior performing companies, and completed a rigorous self-assessment.
      • Have developed a questionnaire and interview guide, and will share these in advance if requested.
      • Have the authority to share information.
      • Work through a specified host and mutually agree on scheduling and meeting arrangements.

      Follow these guidelines in face-to-face site visits:

      • Provide meeting agenda in advance.
      • Be professional, honest, courteous and prompt.
      • Introduce all attendees and explain why they are present.
      • Adhere to the agenda: maintain focus on benchmarking issues.
      • Use language that is universal, not one's own jargon.
      • Do not share proprietary information without prior approval, from the proper authority, of both parties.
      • Share information about your process, if asked, and consider sharing study results.
      • Offer to set up a reciprocal visit.
      • Conclude meetings and visits on schedule.
      • Thank the benchmarking partner for the time and for the sharing.

      This Code of Conduct was contributed to TBE (The Benchmarking Exchange) by Sam Bookhart of Bookhart & Associates.

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