Are 1/2 and 2/4 identical or are their ratios identical ? The relationship of 1 to 2 is the same as the relationship of 2 to 4.
 
Anyway, metaphors have to do with the sameness of relationships, not the sameness of things. 
 
Arithmetic deals with sameness of things. Algebra deals with  sameness of relationships between things.
 
Actually, 1/2 = 2/4 is arithmetic. ( my bad)
 
a/b = c/d  is algebra.
 
Charles

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