There are many things you should consider here. First, is the x-ray device a 
pulsed or continuous current device? Usually the mean peak voltage that the x 
ray device mfg. gives is NOT the effective peak voltage (tube potential). A kVp 
meter could tell you the true operating kVp, however, the company should be 
able provide that information to you. It may well be 150 kVp (max).

Energy-compensated GM detectors that use a wrap of rather heavy metal around 
the detector provide reasonably uniform energy dependence, but they will 
normally attenuate the x rays to a greater extent than is desirable. One then 
uses the thin-window detectors without energy compensation, and such detectors, 
often calibrated at higher photon energies (e.g., 662 keV from 137Cs), will 
usually overrespond at the dominant x-ray energies. (Usually by a factor of 2-3 
times depending.)

There is a question of what type of inherent filtration they are using to 
harden the beam and what material you will be x raying that will contribute to 
the scatter x ray radiation-which can be tough to measure. The beam on time is 
also important as well as the angle of the x ray beam considering the 150 kVp 
max.

An ion chamber is your best bet, but whatever the detector, it must have a 
reasonably thin window or wall for measurements of the x rays. For a machine 
operating at 100 kV, the effective beam energy is probably between 30 and 40 
keV, with photons ranging from energies lower than this up to 100 keV.

Jessica Soileau
Sr. Health Physicist/ Chemical Specialist
River Bend Nuclear Station



________________________________
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of 
BREHM, DAVID M
Sent: Wednesday, July 17, 2013 8:56 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Powernet: RE: X-Ray Radiography Experience?

The only thing that comes to mind is that you may want to use a pressurized ion 
chamber dose rate instrument (e.g., Fluke 541P or Ludlum 9DP).  They have a 
lower energy threshold than the standard ion chamber.  We use the 451P for 
checking our x-ray machines to good effect.

David Brehm
Radiological Engineer                                                           
                   Office: 402.533.7582
Radiation Protection - Nuclear Operations                                       
      Cellular: 402.237-9840
Omaha Public Power District - Fort Calhoun Nuclear Station                 
Pager: 402.561.3310
9610 Power Lane, Blair, NE 68008                                                
         [email protected]

From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of 
Holmes, Stephen J
Sent: Wednesday, July 17, 2013 8:03 AM
To: '[email protected]'
Cc: Eaton, Eric; Pell, Bryan; James, Scott; Garcia, Joseph D
Subject: Powernet: X-Ray Radiography Experience?

We have a proposal for a vendor to come on site and perform radiography using 
x-ray equipment. This equipment will emit x-rays of considerably lower energy 
(150 kVp max) than our typical gamma source term, and we are concerned about 
whether our instrumentation/dosimetry (calibrated to Cs-137) will adequately 
measure the dose from this device. We have previously performed pulsed x-ray 
radiography at Ginna, and had proven that our instrumentation performed 
satisfactorily, but this was at a significantly higher x-ray energy (300-400 
kVp max). We plan on using the Fluke-Biomedical 451B ion chamber, Landauer BA 
series OSLs, and SRDs (pocket ion chambers) paired with the DMC2000s EDs to 
monitor the work.

Do you have experience with x-ray radiography at your facility?

If so, did you do any testing, or anything else (such as a white paper), to 
justify your ability to properly monitor the exposure from the x-ray source?

If so, would you be willing to share the results or can you provide contact 
information?

Thanks,

-Steve

Stephen J Holmes, CHP, PE
Sr. Plant Health Physicist, CENG-RE Ginna NPP
[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>
585-771-3577


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