[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> From: "MHOEL"
> Date: 2004/10/07 Thu AM 04:30:40 CEST
> To:
> Subject: Re: [ppiindia] Re: Mengharamkan Poligami dan Menghalalkan Perzinahan
>
>
>
> Pada zaman itu dan sebelumnya ada kebiasaan orang beristri banyak. Namun
> Nabi Muhammad SAW membatasi umatnya hanya sampai 4 orang. Itu pun dengan
> syarat yang ketat.
Tapi bisa diceraikan untuk kawin yang lebih segar dan berfungsi excellent. Ada saja
jalan untuk meliwati " Mr ketat" :-))
------> Mungkin saja, tapi setidaknya pada masa itu si wanita tidak diabaikan
kesejahteraannya dan hal-hal lain setelah itu akan diadili sedil-adilnya di Hari
Pembalasan nanti.
>
> Budak bukannya diperbolehkan, justru Nabi Muhammad SAW membebaskan
> perbudakkan.
Dimana ditulis bahwa Nabi Muhammad SAW membebaskan budak?? Dan dimana ditulis bahwa
budak harus dibebaskan??
----> Ada. OK.
The religion of Islam is a very beautiful religion when it comes to human equality and
to liberation of slaves. When Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him brought Islam to his
people from Allah Almighty, they used to practice the Judeo-Christian and Pagan
slavery. They used to buy and sell slaves, abuse them, and flog them to death if
slaves disobey. The Muslims had fought long and bloody battles against the Pagan
Arabs to liberate slaves and women.
How does Islam view slaves?
Islam commands the Muslims to love and respect slaves and to treat them with kindness.
Let us look at Noble Verse 2:177 "It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces
Towards east or West; but it is righteousness to believe in God and the Last Day, and
the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your substance, out of love
for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who
ask, and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular
charity; to fulfil the contracts which ye have made; and to be firm and patient, in
pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the
people of truth, the God-fearing." In this Noble Verse, we see that Allah Almighty
orders Muslims to spend from their money and wealth and to give with love and respect
the kin, orphans, the needy, the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for slaves. Muslims
have to help those who need it in their community.
Let us look at Noble Verse 2:221 "Do not marry unbelieving women (idolaters), until
they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even
though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A
man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you.
Unbelievers do (but) beckon you to the Fire. But God beckons by His Grace to the
Garden (of bliss) and forgiveness, and makes His Signs clear to mankind: That they may
celebrate His praise." In this Noble Verse, we see that Allah Almighty in some cases
considers a slave to be better than a free human being. Allah Almighty orders Muslims
not to marry from the Pagans, and He tells us that a slave Muslim (who is owned by a
non Muslim) is better than a non believer, even if that non believer was beautiful.
Let us look at Noble Verse 24:31 "And say to the believing women that they should
lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty
and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw
their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands,
their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their
brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or the
slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or
small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike
their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers!
turn ye all together towards God, that ye may attain Bliss." In this Noble Verse, we
see that Allah Almighty orders the Muslim women to guard their modesty and not to
display their beauty to strangers. However, the Muslim women are allowed to
display their beauty to their husbands, relatives, other women, and their slaves.
This Noble Verse clearly shows a full respect to the slaves by allowing the Muslim
women to display their beauty to them.
Some teachings from Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: "When the
slave of anyone amongst you prepares food for him and he serves him after having sat
close to (and undergoing the hardship of) heat and smoke, he should make him (the
slave) sit along with him and make him eat (along with him), and if the food seems to
run short, then he should spare some portion for him (from his own share) - (another
narrator) Dawud said:" i. e. a morsel or two". 4097. (Translation of Sahih Muslim,
The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015, Number 4096)"
Narrated Al-Ma'rur: "At Ar-Rabadha I met Abu Dhar who was wearing a cloak, and his
slave, too, was wearing a similar one. I asked about the reason for it. He replied, "I
abused a person by calling his mother with bad names." The Prophet said to me, 'O Abu
Dhar! Did you abuse him by calling his mother with bad names You still have some
characteristics of ignorance. Your slaves are your brothers and Allah has put them
under your command. So whoever has a brother under his command should feed him of what
he eats and dress him of what he wears. Do not ask them (slaves) to do things beyond
their capacity (power) and if you do so, then help them.' (Translation of Sahih
Bukhari, Belief, Volume 1, Book 2, Number 29)"
Narrated Anas: "The Prophet said, 'None of you will have faith till he wishes for his
(Muslim) brother [this includes slaves, since a slave is considered a brother as shown
above] what he likes for himself.' (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Belief, Volume 1,
Book 2, Number 12)"
Narrated Abu Musa: "Some people asked Allah's Apostle, 'Whose Islam is the best? i.e.
(Who is a very good Muslim)?' He replied, 'One who avoids harming the Muslims with
his tongue and hands.' (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Belief, Volume 1, Book 2,
Number 10)"
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: "A man asked the Prophet, 'What sort of deeds or (what
qualities of) Islam are good?' The Prophet replied, 'To feed (the poor) and greet
those whom you know and those whom you do not Know.' (Translation of Sahih Bukhari,
Belief, Volume 1, Book 2, Number 11)"
The Liberation of Slaves in Islam:
The reason why Muslims had slaves is because when Islam was still weak and growing,
the Arab Pagans' tribes used to launch continuous attacks on the Muslims to destroy
Islam once and for all. Muslims had entered many bloody and vicious battles against
the non believers which had cost both sides many lives from the men. When the Muslims
used to enter a city after defeating its army, they would face a new dilemma. They
often meet hundreds of non believing women and young children and elderly left without
any support because their men had died in the battle field.
For this reason, Allah Almighty allowed for the Muslims to take those people as slaves
to help them survive. Keep in mind that during that time, the Muslims didn't have an
Islamic government and welfare system to take care of the orphans and widows from the
non believers. The Muslims had to take care of them from their own means.
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him ordered the Muslims to be very sensitive to their
slaves. He ordered the Muslims to buy the slave young boys and girls the same quality
of clothes and gifts that they would buy for their children. He also ordered Muslims
not to hit or be violent to adult slaves. He ordered Muslims to be loving and caring
for them.
Prophet Muhammad also urged wealthy Muslims to buy slaves from the Pagan Arabs and to
let them free after that. One of Prophet Muhammad's best friends was a slave from
Africa called Bilal Al-Habashi. Bilal was bought from his Pagan master by Abu Baker
Al-Siddeek, one of Muhammad's best friends. After Abu Baker bought Bilal, he set him
free.
Islam as I mentioned in the introduction came to fight slavery. Allah Almighty
ordered the Muslims to gradually liberate slaves and to give them their freedom in
many cases.
Let us look at Noble Verse 4:92 "Never should a believer kill a believer; but (If it
so happens) by mistake, (Compensation is due): If one (so) kills a believer, it is
ordained that he should free a believing slave, and pay compensation to the deceased's
family, unless they remit it freely. If the deceased belonged to a people at war with
you, and he was a believer, the freeing of a believing slave (Is enough). If he
belonged to a people with whom ye have treaty of Mutual alliance, compensation should
be paid to his family, and a believing slave be freed. For those who find this beyond
their means, (is prescribed) a fast for two months running: by way of repentance to
God: for God hath all knowledge and all wisdom." In this Noble Verse, we see that
Allah Almighty ordered to free a believing slave if a Muslim accidentally kills
another Muslim. This Noble Verse came to encourage Muslims to liberate slaves.
Let us look at Noble Verse 5:89 "God will not call you to account for what is futile
in your oaths, but He will call you to account for your deliberate oaths: for
expiation, feed ten indigent persons, on a scale of the average for the food of your
families; or clothe them; or give a slave his freedom. If that is beyond your means,
fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths ye have sworn. But keep to
your oaths. Thus doth God make clear to you His signs, that ye may be grateful." This
Noble Verse is also another proof that Allah Almighty did encourage Muslims to
liberate slaves.
Let us look at Noble Verse 58:3 "But those who divorce their wives by Zihar, then wish
to go back on the words they uttered, (It is ordained that such a one) should free a
slave before they touch each other: Thus are ye admonished to perform: and God is
well-acquainted with (all) that ye do." This Noble Verse is another proof that Allah
Almighty did encourage Muslims to liberate slaves.
Narrated Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari: "The Prophet said, "Give food to the hungry, pay a
visit to the sick and release (set free) the one in captivity (by paying his ransom)."
(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Food, Meals, Volume 7, Book 65, Number 286)"
Narrated Asma: "No doubt the Prophet ordered people to manumit slaves during the solar
eclipse. (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Eclipses, Volume 2, Book 18, Number 163)"
"'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that 'Umar b. Khattab asked the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) as he was at ji'rana (a town near Mecca) on his way back from
Ta'if: Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of Ignorance that I would
observe I'tikaf for one day in the Sacred Mosque. So what is your opinion? He said: Go
and observe I'tikaf for a day. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) gave him
a slave girl out of the one-fifth (of the spoils of war meant for the Holy Prophet).
And when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) set the war prisoners free. 'Umar
b. Khattab heard their voice as they were saying: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) has set us free. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: What is this? They said: Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) has set free the prisoners of war (which had fallen
to the lot of people). Thereupon he (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Abdullah, go to that
slave-girl and set her free. (Translation of Sahih Muslim, The Book of
Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015, Number 4074)"
If a Muslim beats his slave or slaps him on the face, then he must set him free:
"Zadhan reported that Ibn Umar called his slave and he found the marks (of beating)
upon his back. He said to him: I have caused you pain. He said: No. But he (Ibn Umar)
said: You are free. He then took hold of something from the earth and said: There is
no reward for me even to the weight equal to it. I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) as saying: He who beats a slave without cognizable offence of his or
slaps him, then expiation for it is that he should set him free. (Translation of
Sahih Muslim, The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015, Number 4079)"
"Abu Mas'ud reported that he had been beating his slave and he had been saying: "I
seek refuge with Allah, but he continued beating him, whereupon he said: I seek refuge
with Allah's Messenger, and he spared him. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) said: By Allah, God has more dominance over you than you have over him (the
slave). He said that he set him free. This hadith has been narrated on the authority
of Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters, but made no mention of (these words) of
his: I seek refuge with Allah, I seek refuge with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him). (Translation of Sahih Muslim, The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015,
Number 4089)"
More on freeing slaves:
Narrated Salamah ibn Sakhr al-Bayadi: "I was a man who was more given than others to
sexual intercourse with women. When the month of Ramadan came, I feared lest I should
have intercourse with my wife, and this evil should remain with me till the morning.
So I made my wife like my mother's back to me till the end of Ramadan. But one night
when she was waiting upon me, something of her was revealed. Suddenly I jumped upon
her. When the morning came I went to my people and informed them about this matter. I
said: Go along with me to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). They said: No,
by Allah. So I went to the Prophet (peace be upon him and informed him of the matter.
He said: Have you really committed it, Salamah? I said: I committed it twice, Apostle
of Allah. I am content with the Commandment of Allah, the Exalted; so take a decision
about me according to what Allah has shown you. He said: Free a slave. I said: By Him
Who sent you with truth, I do not possess a neck other
than this: and I struck the surface of my neck. He said: Then fast two consecutive
months. I said: Whatever I suffered is due to fasting. He said: Feed sixty poor
people with a wasq of dates. I said: By Him Who sent you with truth, we passed the
night hungry; there was no food in our house. He said: Then go to the collector of
sadaqah of Banu Zurayq; he must give it to you. Then feed sixty poor people with a
wasq of dates; and you and your family eat the remaining dates. Then I came back to my
people, and said (to them): I found with you poverty and bad opinion; and I found with
the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) prosperity and good opinion. He has commanded me to
give alms to you. Ibn al-Ala' added: Ibn Idris said: Bayadah is a sub-clan of Banu
Zurayq. (Translation of Sunan Abu-Dawud, Divorce (Kitab Al-Talaq), Book 12, Number
2207)"
Narrated Khuwaylah, daughter of Malik ibn Tha'labah: "My husband, Aws ibn as-Samit,
pronounced the words: You are like my mother. So I came to the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him), complaining to him about my husband. The Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) disputed with me and said: Remain dutiful to Allah; he is your
cousin. I continued (complaining) until the Qur'anic verse came down: "Allah hath
heard the words of her who disputeth with thee concerning her husband...." till the
prescription of expiation. He then said: He should set free a slave. She said: He
cannot afford it. He said: He should fast for two consecutive months. She said:
Apostle of Allah, he is an old man; he cannot keep fasts. He said: He should feed
sixty poor people. She said: He has nothing which he may give in alms. At that moment
an araq (i.e. date-basket holding fifteen or sixteen sa's) was brought to him. I
said: I shall help him with another date-basked ('araq). He said: You have done well.
Go
and feed sixty poor people on his behalf, and return to your cousin. The narrator
said: An araq holds sixty sa's of dates. (Translation of Sunan Abu-Dawud, Divorce
(Kitab Al-Talaq), Book 12, Number 2208)"
There are a lot more Noble Verses from the Noble Quran and Sayings from our beloved
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him that push for freeing of slaves. The Islamic
attitude toward slaves is very clear and straight forward: All slaves are eventually
to be freed! And they were all freed during the times of Islam from the
Judeo-Christian and Pagan slavery.
Can a slave request his freedom from his Muslim owner?
The Noble Quran not only allows slaves to request their freedom from their Muslim
masters, but also orders the Muslim masters to pay the slaves money to help them stand
on their feet and to be able to face life with a good jump start.
Let us look at Noble Verse 24:33 "Let those who find not the wherewithal for marriage
keep themselves chaste, until God gives them means out of His grace. And if any of
your slaves ask for a deed in writing (to enable them to earn their freedom for a
certain sum), give them such a deed if ye know any good in them: yea, give them
something yourselves out of the means which God has given to you. But force not your
maids to prostitution when they desire chastity, in order that ye may make a gain in
the goods of this life. But if anyone compels them, yet, after such compulsion, is
God, Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (to them)," In this Noble Verse, we see that if a
slave requests his freedom from his Muslim master, then his master not only must help
him earn his freedom if there is good in the Slave, but also pay him money so the
slave can have a good start in his free life.
"The law of slavery in the legal sense of the term is now obsolete. While it had any
meaning, Islam made the slave's lot as easy as possible. A slave, male or female,
could ask for conditional manumission by a written deed fixing the amount required for
manumission and allowing the slave meanwhile to earn money by lawful means and perhaps
marry and bring up a family. Such a deed was not to be refused if the request was
genuine and the slave had character. Not only that, but the master is directed to
help with money out of his own resources in order to enable the slave to earn his or
her own liberty." [2]
Again, the Prophet peace be upon him said:
Narrated Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari: "The Prophet said, "Give food to the hungry, pay a
visit to the sick and release (set free) the one in captivity (by paying his ransom)."
(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Food, Meals, Volume 7, Book 65, Number 286)"
Conclusion:
Islam is a very merciful religion on slaves. Islam came and fought many bloody
battles against the Arabs who believed in slavery and who brutally enslaved many
people. Islam also sees the importance of liberating slaves, and had helped to
gradually liberate slaves until all of them were ultimately freed. Islam allows for
any slave to request from his Muslim owner his freedom, and orders the Muslim owner to
grant that slave his freedom and to pay him money on top of it to help him get a good
start in his new free life.
> Bukankah dieropa dan Amerika pada awal abad ke 20 masih menganggap org negro
> tidak setara dengan mereka dan menganggap mereka kaum budak?
Bukan saja di Europa dan di Amerika, di negeri kita ada juga anggapan demikian.
Bedanya dengan di Indonesia ialah sekarang di Europa dan Amarika sudah ada
undang-undang anti diskriminasi dan yang melanggar peraturan ini disangsikan dengan
hukuman.
---> Jadi point anda adalaah?
Islam tidak
> membedakankan bangsa kecuali keimanannya.
Anda yang bilang atau tertulis dalam Al Quran
---> Ada,
"O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you
into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other. Verily the most honoured of you
in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and
is well-acquainted. (The Noble Quran, 49:13)"
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