On Thu, 7 Feb 2019 06:31:01 -0800 (PST)
billol...@gmail.com wrote:

>On Wednesday, February 6, 2019 at 11:36:12 AM UTC-5, unman wrote:
>> On Wed, Feb 06, 2019 at 10:15:54AM -0600, John Goold wrote:  
>> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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>> > On 2/6/19 1:12 AM, 'awokd' via qubes-users wrote:  
>> > > kitchm via Forum:
>> > >   
>> > ...  
>> > >> It is currently illegal by federal law to clear your browser 
>> > >> history.  
>> > > 
>> > > Cite?  
>> > 
>> > What one does with one's browser history, even assuming one's browser
>> > has a browser history, is clearly not governed by law, except perhaps
>> > in countries like China and Russion.
>> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
>> > 
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>> > =zjDq
>> > -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----  
>> 
>> Actually, it may be governed by law in the US, but not in Russia.
>> The  FBI have interpreted Sarbanes-Oxley as creating a
>> felony offence where one deletes browser history where there was
>> reasonable expectation of investigation.
>> It has been used against Matanov, a friend of the Boston bombers, and
>> David Kernell, who hacked Sarah Palin's email.
>> The EFF have highlighted this interpretation of Sarbanes Oxley as
>> egregious, but no doubt the authorities deem it necessary.
>> 
>> Note that it is NOT illegal in the US to clear your browser history:
>> but it may prove a felony offence to do so. In the two cases cited there
>> were reasonable grounds to suppose that a federal investigation would
>> take place.  
>
>It should probably be noted that those 2015 prosecutions were a bit novel, and 
>it has not become common practice.  In fact, the Supreme Court reigned it in a 
>little with Yates v US (2015) in which they threw out the conviction of a 
>fisherman who threw away an illegal catch to avoid prosecution.  
>Sarbanes-Oxley was written for corporate stuff, to stop corporations from 
>deleting emails and shredding documents in order to hide a crime that they 
>knew would be, but had not yet been, moved forward for prosecution.  The 
>application of this to conspiracy to commit terrorist acts is not too 
>far-fetched, but its application was novel, and was not tested in appeal as 
>far as I know.  
>
>In terms of private citizens engaging in routine privacy measures, I know of 
>no such prosecution. Sure, an aggressive DA can charge anybody with anything 
>for any reason, and some pay no attention to truth, precedent or law at all.  
>But if someone has a case of someone as a private citizen who routinely cleans 
>up their files, I'd love to see it.    
>
>Since Oxley Sarbanes requires the intent to interfere in the investigation of 
>a  criminal act, it would seem to me that a private citizen who routinely 
>cleans house for privacy reasons while not engaged in such acts would have an 
>affirmative defense that continuing to do so does not indicate such specific 
>intent. For instance, as I mentioned, a professional organization I belong to 
>does not archive its mailinglist specifically to avoid people mining archives 
>to look for embarrassing quotes for use in the newspapers and in court.  The 
>intent there is clearly *not* to cover up a crime, but instead to protect 
>privacy.  I'm no lawyer, of course, but I find it hard to generalize the idea 
>that Oxley Sarbanes is that huge of a threat as it currently is enforced.
>
>I'll also point out that if anything were this kind of violation, then the 
>Hillary email stuff would have been ripe for prosecution under this law, and 
>the DoJ clearly said that the presumption is that there isn't criminal intent, 
>at least with respect to that kind of behavior.  I suspect that most 
>prosecutors know this, which means that egregious overapplication of this law 
>will be unlikely, else it will be repealed -- since most Republicans hate the 
>law as it stands and are looking for an excuse to get rid of it.
>

Sarbanes/Oxley certainly has given me and a lot of other consultants...and 
auditors...a lot of work.  :)

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