ulysses-you commented on code in PR #58339:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/58339#discussion_r3930476105


##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/GroupPartitionsExec.scala:
##########
@@ -219,6 +236,21 @@ case class GroupPartitionsExec(
     PartitionGrouping(partitions, isGrouped, isCollapsed)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Whether this node's grouping leaves every partition where it was and 
keeps all of them, i.e.
+   * output partition i holds exactly input partition i and there is one 
output per input. That is
+   * the only grouping that keeps a marked layout's undeclared rows at 
hash(key) % numPartitions:
+   * a grouping that drops trailing declared keys still reads identity for 
every group it keeps,
+   * but the partition count shrinks and the hash modulus with it. The 
`forall` stops at the first
+   * moved partition, so a reorder or coalesce is rejected without a full scan.
+   */
+  @transient private lazy val identityGrouping: Boolean =

Review Comment:
   @/tmp/r8-replies/f26.md



##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/v2/GroupPartitionsExec.scala:
##########
@@ -78,6 +78,18 @@ case class GroupPartitionsExec(
         // data types match the reduced partition keys for the 
identity-vs-transform and
         // single-side-transform reducers; for the both-sides-reduce shape no 
single transform
         // describes the keys (see `KeyedShuffleSpec.reducersBothWays`).
+        //
+        // A marked claim pins undeclared rows to hash(key) % numPartitions 
(see
+        // `KeyedPartitioning.mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys`). Only an 
identity grouping keeps
+        // that relationship: any other grouping -- a reorder, a coalesce, a 
resize, or the
+        // collapse a reduction applies -- moves those rows. Clearing only the 
marker would
+        // misreport the undeclared rows that remain, so give up the keyed 
partitioning at the
+        // physical output count (one per group, padding included) that a 
parent's
+        // `PartitioningCollection` requires for uniformity. 
`identityGrouping` is a lazy val, so
+        // repeated `outputPartitioning` calls scan it at most once.
+        if (PartitioningCollection.keyedMarkerOf(p).contains(true) && 
!identityGrouping) {

Review Comment:
   @/tmp/r8-replies/recheck.md



##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/joins/ShuffledJoin.scala:
##########
@@ -80,6 +87,34 @@ trait ShuffledJoin extends JoinCodegenSupport {
         s"ShuffledJoin should not take $x as the JoinType")
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Clears the `mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys` marker of every 
`KeyedPartitioning` in
+   * `partitionings` when marked and unmarked keyed inputs meet; within a 
collection the
+   * constructor makes that unrepresentable. Only `ShuffledJoin`'s `InnerLike` 
arm can mix
+   * inputs this way; see the call site for the argument.
+   */
+  private def clearUnknownPartitionKeys(
+      partitionings: Seq[Partitioning]): Seq[Partitioning] = {
+    // One cached keyed member answers per input instead of re-flattening a 
left-deep join
+    // chain, and keyless inputs drop out of the `flatMap` rather than reading 
as unmarked. The
+    // all-unmarked path must reach no `copy`: `transform`'s `fastEquals` 
would compare every
+    // partition key.
+    val markers = partitionings.flatMap(PartitioningCollection.keyedMarkerOf)

Review Comment:
   @/tmp/r8-replies/keyless.md



##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/physical/partitioning.scala:
##########
@@ -1142,29 +1205,33 @@ object PartitioningCollection {
    * Note: this can't be implemented with `TreeNode.transform`.
    */
   def fromPartitionings(partitionings: Seq[Partitioning]): 
PartitioningCollection = {
-    // See the class doc for why the flag is normalized by OR rather than 
required to agree. One
-    // representative per member is enough, because every collection agrees on 
the flag internally
-    // by this same construction, and only a member that disagrees is rebuilt.
+    // See the class doc for why the flags are normalized by OR rather than 
required to agree. One
+    // representative per member is enough, because every collection agrees on 
the flags
+    // internally by this same construction, and only a member that disagrees 
is rebuilt.
     val anyCollapsed = 
partitionings.exists(representativeOf(_).exists(_.isCollapsed))
+    val anyUnknownKeys =
+      
partitionings.exists(representativeOf(_).exists(_.mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys))
 
     var canonicalKeys: Seq[InternalRowComparableWrapper] = null
     // A partitioning with no `KeyedPartitioning` in it has nothing to 
normalize, and one that
-    // already agrees on both the keys and the flag is returned as it is. That 
is what keeps
+    // already agrees on the keys and both flags is returned as it is. That is 
what keeps
     // repeated `outputPartitioning` computations over deeply nested 
collections (e.g. chains of
     // same-key joins) O(1) per level.
     def intern(p: Partitioning): Partitioning = representativeOf(p) match {
       case None => p
       case Some(representative) =>
         if (canonicalKeys == null) canonicalKeys = representative.partitionKeys
         if ((representative.partitionKeys eq canonicalKeys) &&
-            representative.isCollapsed == anyCollapsed) {
+            representative.isCollapsed == anyCollapsed &&
+            representative.mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys == anyUnknownKeys) {

Review Comment:
   @/tmp/r8-replies/nested.md



##########
sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/KeyGroupedPartitioningSuite.scala:
##########
@@ -5933,6 +5946,945 @@ class KeyGroupedPartitioningSuite
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the plan's shuffles (in tree order) are all 
`KeyedPartitioning`s carrying the
+   * given `mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys` flags (a `KeyedPartitioning` 
produced by
+   * `KeyedShuffleSpec.createPartitioning` always carries the marker).
+   */
+  private def assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(
+      plan: SparkPlan,
+      expected: Seq[Boolean]): Unit = {
+    val shuffles = collectAllShuffles(plan)
+    assert(shuffles.size === expected.size,
+      s"expected ${expected.size} shuffles, got ${shuffles.size}:\n$plan")
+    shuffles.zip(expected).foreach { case (shuffle, hasUnknown) =>
+      shuffle.outputPartitioning match {
+        case k: KeyedPartitioning =>
+          assert(k.mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys === hasUnknown,
+            s"expected shuffle output 
mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys=$hasUnknown, got " +
+              s"${k.mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys}:\n$plan")
+        case p =>
+          fail(s"expected a KeyedPartitioning shuffle, got $p:\n$plan")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: one-side shuffle with out-of-set keys loses matches 
in a following " +
+    "SPJ join") {
+    // a: keyed on id, keys {1, 2}. t: v1 parquet, keys {1, 2, 3}. u: keyed on 
id, keys {1, 2, 3}.
+    // With shuffle.enabled, a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t shuffles t onto a's declared 
keys {1, 2}; t's
+    // id=3 row is out-of-set, so the join output's partitioning has unknown 
keys. A following
+    // storage-partitioned join against u must not trust it and falls back to 
a shuffle.
+    createTable("a", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (1, 'a1', NULL), (2, 'a2', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL), (2, 'u2', NULL), (3, 
'u3', NULL)")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2"), Row(3, "u3"))
+
+      // Baseline: no SPJ -> all three rows.
+      withSQLConf(SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        checkAnswer(sql(query), expected)
+      }
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        // Two one-side shuffles: t onto a's keys, then the first join's 
output (unknown-keyed)
+        // onto u's keys. Both are keyed with unknown partition keys; neither 
join GPEs.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"second join must not storage-partition on an unknown-keyed layout, 
got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: preserved non-keyed side of outer join falls back to 
shuffle " +
+    "downstream") {
+    // Same hazard for every outer join type whose preserved side is the 
non-keyed table: the
+    // one-side shuffle marks the preserved side's partitioning as having 
unknown keys, so a
+    // downstream storage-partitioned join against a larger key set must fall 
back to a shuffle.
+    createTable("a", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (1, 'a1', NULL), (2, 'a2', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL), (2, 'u2', NULL), (3, 
'u3', NULL)")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2"), Row(3, "u3"))
+
+      // RIGHT OUTER preserves the non-keyed t on the right.
+      val rightQuery =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(rightQuery)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"downstream join must not storage-partition on an unknown-keyed 
layout, got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+
+      // FULL OUTER exposes UnknownPartitioning, so it is already safe 
regardless of the shuffle
+      // direction; correctness is the guard.
+      val fullQuery =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a FULL OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(fullQuery)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        // The downstream join must not storage-partition on the first join's 
unknown-keyed
+        // layout; FULL OUTER keeps it safe only because the join output 
exposes
+        // UnknownPartitioning.
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"downstream join must not storage-partition on an unknown-keyed 
layout, got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+
+      // t LEFT OUTER JOIN a preserves the non-keyed t on the left.
+      val leftQuery =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM t LEFT OUTER JOIN testcat.ns.a a ON 
t.id = a.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(leftQuery)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"downstream join must not storage-partition on an unknown-keyed 
layout, got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: keyed preserved side of outer join still uses the 
one-side shuffle") {
+    // a (keyed) preserved on the left, t (non-keyed) nullable on the right: t 
is shuffled onto
+    // a's keys (its partitioning is marked as having unknown keys), but the 
LEFT OUTER join exposes
+    // only a's accurate partitioning, so the one-side shuffle stays sound and 
the downstream SPJ
+    // still runs (no shuffle for the second join).
+    createTable("a", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (1, 'a1', NULL), (2, 'a2', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL), (2, 'u2', NULL), (3, 
'u3', NULL)")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT a.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a LEFT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2")))
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).nonEmpty,
+          s"downstream join should storage-partition on the accurate keyed 
layout, got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: one-side shuffle with out-of-set keys loses matches 
in a following " +
+      "SPJ join (bucket)") {
+    // Same hazard as the identity variant, but the keyed sides are 
partitioned by bucket(4, id):
+    // a covers buckets {0, 1, 2} (ids 0, 1, 2), while t holds id 3 (bucket 
3), which a does
+    // not, so the one-side shuffle misplaces t's bucket-3 row while still 
declaring a's layout.
+    // `id` is LONG because `BucketFunction` binds its value argument to 
LongType.
+    val cols = Array(Column.create("id", LongType), Column.create("data", 
StringType))
+    createTable("a", cols, Array(bucket(4, "id")))
+    createTable("u", cols, Array(bucket(4, "id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (0, 'a0'), (1, 'a1'), (2, 'a2')")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (0, 'u0'), (1, 'u1'), (2, 'u2'), (3, 
'u3')")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id BIGINT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (0, 't0'), (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(0L, "u0"), Row(1L, "u1"), Row(2L, "u2"), Row(3L, 
"u3"))
+
+      // Baseline: no SPJ -> all four rows.
+      withSQLConf(SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        checkAnswer(sql(query), expected)
+      }
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"second join must not storage-partition on an unknown-keyed layout, 
got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: unknown-keyed partitioning still joins a 
subset-keyed partner") {
+    // r (from a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t) has unknown partition keys {1, 2}, but 
the downstream u is
+    // keyed on a subset {1}, so the storage-partitioned join stays compatible 
and works: every
+    // key u can have is co-located on r's declared layout.
+    createTable("a", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (1, 'a1', NULL), (2, 'a2', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL)")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, Seq(Row(1, "u1")))
+        // Only the first join's one-side shuffle remains; the second join 
storage-partitions.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).nonEmpty,
+          s"subset-keyed partner should still storage-partition join, got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: project dropping a key position drops the 
unknown-keyed claim") {
+    // The first join's output is keyed on (id, k) and may contain unknown 
keys (t's rows are all
+    // out-of-set: a holds k=x, t holds k=z). The Project below the second 
join drops the k
+    // position, so the declared key set coarsens from {(1, x) ... (4, x)} to 
{1, 2, 3, 4}, and
+    // an out-of-set (id, k) can then land inside the projected declared set. 
The keyed claim must
+    // be dropped entirely, otherwise the second join trusts the coarsened 
layout and silently
+    // loses the misplaced rows' matches.
+    val cols = Array(
+      Column.create("id", IntegerType),
+      Column.create("k", StringType),
+      Column.create("data", StringType))
+    createTable("a", cols, Array(identity("id"), identity("k")))
+    createTable("u", cols, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES " +
+      "(1, 'x', 'a1'), (2, 'x', 'a2'), (3, 'x', 'a3'), (4, 'x', 'a4')")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES " +
+      "(1, NULL, 'u1'), (2, NULL, 'u2'), (3, NULL, 'u3'), (4, NULL, 'u4')")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, k STRING, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'z', 't1'), (2, 'z', 't2'), (3, 'z', 
't3'), (4, 'z', 't4')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t
+          |      ON a.id = t.id AND a.k = t.k) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2"), Row(3, "u3"), Row(4, 
"u4"))
+
+      // Baseline: no SPJ -> all four rows.
+      withSQLConf(SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        checkAnswer(sql(query), expected)
+      }
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        // The projection drops the unknown-keyed claim, so the second join 
shuffles: two one-side
+        // shuffles, both keyed with unknown partition keys, and no 
GroupPartitionsExec.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"second join must not storage-partition on the coarsened layout, 
got: " +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: union of an unknown-keyed leg drops the merged keyed 
partitioning") {
+    // The union's merged keys concatenate every leg's keys, a superset, 
possibly equal, of each
+    // leg's declared set. When a leg may contain unknown partition keys, 
another leg can declare
+    // exactly the key that leg holds out-of-set, so the merged claim would 
promise co-location
+    // the marked leg cannot honor. Legs that declare the same key set would 
in fact tolerate
+    // keeping the marker (its out-of-set row rides its own leg's partition 
into that partition's
+    // group); this check does not try to tell that case from the rest, and 
refuses.
+    createTable("a", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("s", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (1, 'a1', NULL), (2, 'a2', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.s VALUES (4, 's4', NULL), (5, 's5', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL), (2, 'u2', NULL), (3, 
'u3', NULL), " +
+      "(4, 'u4', NULL), (5, 'u5', NULL)")
+
+    // Disjoint-keyed second leg: the union's merged keys {1, 2, 4, 5} do not 
cover t's out-of-set
+    // id=3, but the merged claim would still be a superset of the 
unknown-keyed leg's
+    // declared keys.
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id
+          |      UNION ALL
+          |      SELECT id FROM testcat.ns.s) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2"), Row(3, "u3"), Row(4, 
"u4"), Row(5, "u5"))
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        // The first join's one-side shuffle, then the union side re-shuffles 
onto u's layout for
+        // the second join: the union exposes no keyed partitioning, so no 
GroupPartitionsExec.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"second join must not storage-partition on the merged layout, got: 
" +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Overlapping second leg: s declares exactly the key {3} that the 
unknown-keyed leg holds
+    // out-of-set, so the union's merged keys {1, 2, 3} equal u's keys and the 
second join would
+    // storage-partition with no exchange, silently losing t's id=3 match.
+    sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS testcat.ns.s")
+    sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS testcat.ns.u")
+    createTable("s", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.s VALUES (3, 's3', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL), (2, 'u2', NULL), (3, 
'u3', NULL)")
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER JOIN t ON 
a.id = t.id
+          |      UNION ALL
+          |      SELECT id FROM testcat.ns.s) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      // id=3 matches u once via t and once via s.
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2"), Row(3, "u3"), Row(3, 
"u3"))
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+        assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty,
+          s"second join must not storage-partition on the merged layout, got: 
" +
+            df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: join-key projection of an unknown-keyed layout drops 
the claim") {
+    // Like the key-dropping-project repro, but the projection keeps both key 
positions: the
+    // coarsening happens when the second join projects the declared keys down 
to its join key
+    // (`id`) instead. A key that was out-of-set in the full key space lands 
inside the projected
+    // declared set, so the unknown-keyed spec must be refused and the second 
join must shuffle.
+    val cols = Array(
+      Column.create("id", IntegerType),
+      Column.create("k", StringType),
+      Column.create("data", StringType))
+    createTable("a", cols, Array(identity("id"), identity("k")))
+    createTable("u", cols, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES " +
+      "(1, 'x', 'a1'), (2, 'x', 'a2'), (3, 'x', 'a3'), (4, 'x', 'a4')")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES " +
+      "(1, NULL, 'u1'), (2, NULL, 'u2'), (3, NULL, 'u3'), (4, NULL, 'u4')")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, k STRING, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'z', 't1'), (2, 'z', 't2'), (3, 'z', 
't3'), (4, 'z', 't4')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, r.k, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id, t.k AS k FROM testcat.ns.a a RIGHT OUTER 
JOIN t
+          |      ON a.id = t.id AND a.k = t.k) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "z", "u1"), Row(2, "z", "u2"), Row(3, "z", 
"u3"), Row(4, "z", "u4"))
+
+      // Baseline: no SPJ -> all four rows.
+      withSQLConf(SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        checkAnswer(sql(query), expected)
+      }
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_ALLOW_KEYS_SUBSET_OF_PARTITION_KEYS.key -> 
"true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        // The second join refuses the projected unknown-keyed spec and 
shuffles instead: the
+        // first join's one-side shuffle plus the re-shuffle of the first 
join's output.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan,
+          Seq(true, true))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: spurious marker of an inner join keeps the reduced 
SPJ") {
+    // The spurious marker on the inner join's collection is cleared at 
construction (see
+    // `ShuffledJoin`), so a following reduced storage-partitioned join 
(bucket(4) onto
+    // bucket(2)) must still work. Reading the marker with `exists` used to 
make the
+    // GroupPartitionsExec give up with a zero-partition UnknownPartitioning, 
which threw at
+    // planning when a parent asked for the partitioning.
+    val cols = Array(Column.create("id", LongType), Column.create("data", 
StringType))
+    createTable("a", cols, Array(bucket(4, "id")))
+    createTable("u", cols, Array(bucket(2, "id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (0, 'a0'), (1, 'a1'), (2, 'a2'), (3, 
'a3')")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (0, 'u0'), (1, 'u1'), (2, 'u2'), (3, 
'u3')")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id BIGINT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (0, 't0'), (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT a.id, u.data
+          |FROM testcat.ns.a a JOIN t ON a.id = t.id
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON a.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(0L, "u0"), Row(1L, "u1"), Row(2L, "u2"), Row(3L, 
"u3"))
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_ALLOW_COMPATIBLE_TRANSFORMS.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        // The reduced SPJ still runs: the first join's one-side shuffle is 
the only shuffle.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan, 
Seq(true))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: inner join with in-set rows keeps the sound SPJ 
downstream") {
+    // Same shape as the one-side-shuffle repro, but the inner join's second 
side holds only
+    // in-set rows: the marker is spurious and cleared at construction (see 
`ShuffledJoin`), so
+    // the following storage-partitioned join must not pay a shuffle for it.
+    val cols = Array(
+      Column.create("id", IntegerType),
+      Column.create("k", StringType),
+      Column.create("data", StringType))
+    createTable("a", cols, Array(identity("id"), identity("k")))
+    createTable("u", cols, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES " +
+      "(1, 'x', 'a1'), (2, 'x', 'a2'), (3, 'x', 'a3'), (4, 'x', 'a4')")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES " +
+      "(1, NULL, 'u1'), (2, NULL, 'u2'), (3, NULL, 'u3'), (4, NULL, 'u4')")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, k STRING, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'x', 't1'), (2, 'x', 't2'), (3, 'x', 
't3'), (4, 'x', 't4')")
+
+      val query =
+        """
+          |SELECT r.id, u.data
+          |FROM (SELECT t.id AS id FROM testcat.ns.a a JOIN t ON a.id = t.id 
AND a.k = t.k) r
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON r.id = u.id
+          |""".stripMargin
+      val expected = Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2"), Row(3, "u3"), Row(4, 
"u4"))
+
+      withSQLConf(
+          SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+          SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+        val df = sql(query)
+        checkAnswer(df, expected)
+        // Only the first join's one-side shuffle: the second join 
co-partitions on the
+        // spurious-marker-free layout without paying a shuffle.
+        
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan, 
Seq(true))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: inner join clears the spurious marker on both member 
orders") {
+    // `t`'s id=3 can match nothing on `a` (keys {1, 2}), so the inner join's 
marker is spurious
+    // and cleared at construction (see `ShuffledJoin`). If it survived, the 
subset gate in
+    // `areKeysCompatible` would refuse `u`'s wider key set and cost a shuffle 
no sibling order
+    // can rescue. Both join orders must plan master's shape: the single 
first-join shuffle
+    // plus a `GroupPartitionsExec` on each side of the storage-partitioned 
second join.
+    createTable("a", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    createTable("u", columns, Array(identity("id")))
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.a VALUES (1, 'a1', NULL), (2, 'a2', NULL)")
+    sql("INSERT INTO testcat.ns.u VALUES (1, 'u1', NULL), (2, 'u2', NULL), (3, 
'u3', NULL)")
+
+    withTable("t") {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE t (id INT, data STRING) USING parquet")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 't1'), (2, 't2'), (3, 't3')")
+
+      // `t` first puts the marked member ahead of its unmarked sibling in the 
collection;
+      // `a` first is the mirror order.
+      for (side <- Seq("t", "a")) {
+        val query = if (side == "t") {
+          """
+            |SELECT t.id, u.data
+            |FROM t JOIN testcat.ns.a a ON a.id = t.id
+            |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON t.id = u.id
+            |""".stripMargin
+        } else {
+          """
+            |SELECT a.id, u.data
+            |FROM testcat.ns.a a JOIN t ON a.id = t.id
+            |JOIN testcat.ns.u u ON a.id = u.id
+            |""".stripMargin
+        }
+        withSQLConf(
+            SQLConf.V2_BUCKETING_SHUFFLE_ENABLED.key -> "true",
+            "spark.sql.autoBroadcastJoinThreshold" -> "-1",
+            SQLConf.ADAPTIVE_EXECUTION_ENABLED.key -> "false") {
+          val df = sql(query)
+          checkAnswer(df, Seq(Row(1, "u1"), Row(2, "u2")))
+          
assertShuffleMayContainUnknownPartitionKeys(df.queryExecution.executedPlan, 
Seq(true))
+          
assert(collectGroupPartitions(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).nonEmpty,
+            s"side=$side: the second join should storage-partition, got: " +
+              df.queryExecution.executedPlan)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-59050: SPJ: inner join marker clearing reaches nested 
collections") {
+    // `ShuffledJoin`'s `InnerLike` arm passes each child's partitioning into 
the joined
+    // collection as reported, so the next inner join can find marked members 
nested inside a
+    // collection inherited from an all-marked inner join below. SQL cannot 
produce that shape:

Review Comment:
   @/tmp/r8-replies/unreachable.md



##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/physical/partitioning.scala:
##########
@@ -578,12 +582,41 @@ case class CoalescedNullAwareHashPartitioning(
  *                    partitioning this one was derived from onto the same 
key, so one key here can
  *                    stand for several of the original ones. Sticky. See "Key 
Collapse" above for
  *                    what it gates and how it travels.
+ * @param mayContainUnknownPartitionKeys Whether the data may contain rows 
whose partition key is
+ *                                 not among the declared `partitionKeys`. 
`KeyGroupedPartitioner`
+ *                                 routes such rows by a deterministic hash 
when a side is
+ *                                 re-shuffled onto this partitioning (see
+ *                                 `KeyedShuffleSpec.createPartitioning`), so 
co-location holds
+ *                                 for whole keys only: two marked 
partitionings declaring the
+ *                                 same keys in the same order and using the 
same partition
+ *                                 function per position still pair (equal 
undeclared keys hash
+ *                                 to the same partition), but a row of an 
undeclared key sits in
+ *                                 the partition of some other declared key, 
away from rows

Review Comment:
   @/tmp/r8-replies/colocation.md



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