Re: bgp community [7:62326]
Hi Pete, Try clearing the 'set community no-export' command in your route map and see if 22.22.22.22/24 propagates over to 153.153.3.3. I am suspecting maybe tagging the no-export community while redistributing into the bgp process may actually cause the Loopback22 route not to be exported If that works, maybe you may want to try this command as well. 'neighbor 153.153.3.3 route-map out' You can use your 'loops' routemap if you want. Don't forget to issue a 'clear ip bgp 153.153.3.3' command to restart the session. HTH Wes ""Peter Paul"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > can someone help me? i am currently doing bgp in my test lab. i did a > community no-advertise in one of the routes to be advertise by the local as > to another as, but i can't see it in that other as. i also did a > redistribution from bgp to igp (ospf) in the other as so that both bgp and > igp would sync because one of the problems stated that i should not disable > sync. did i missed something? here's my config in my test lab: > > router bgp 2 > bgp log-neighbor-changes > redistribute connected route-map loops > neighbor 153.153.3.3 remote-as 3 > neighbor 153.153.3.3 ebgp-multihop 255 > neighbor 153.153.3.3 update-source Loopback10 > neighbor 153.153.3.3 send-community > > route-map loops permit 10 > match interface Loopback33 Loopback55 > set origin igp > ! > route-map loops permit 20 > match interface Loopback22 - loopback 22 is 22.22.22.22/24 > set origin igp > set community no-export > > when i did show ip bgp on the 153.153.3.3 router, > > Network Next HopMetric LocPrf Weight Path > *>i11.0.0.0 153.153.1.1 100 0 23 111 i > *> 33.0.0.0 153.153.6.6 1 0 2 i > *>i44.0.0.0 153.153.1.1 100 0 23 111 i > *> 55.0.0.0 153.153.6.6 1 0 2 i > *>i66.0.0.0 153.153.1.1 100 0 23 111 777 i > *>i77.0.0.0 153.153.1.1 100 0 23 111 444 555 i > *>i103.103.103.0/24 153.153.1.1 0100 0 23 i > *>i183.0.0.0/8 153.153.4.4 100 0 65003 i > > i can't see the 22.0.0.0 network. thanks in advance. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=62327&t=62326 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: BGP problem [7:60338]
Okay guys, Error code 2 (Open message error) and error subcode 7 basically means "unsupported capability". My bet is maybe a capability has been configured only on one end of the session. ""Charles"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > in this case, 2&7 are error subcodes of error code 3 > > what's hth? > > Charles > > > ""Vicuna, Mark"" wrote in message > [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > > Not quite.. code 2 only reaches subcode 5. Route loop would be code 3 > > subcode 7. > > > > hth, > > Mark. > > -Original Message- > > From: Charles [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > > Sent: Sunday, January 05, 2003 1:43 PM > > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > Subject: Re: BGP problem [7:60338] > > > > > > hey, > > > > %BGP-3-NOTIFICATION: sent to neighbor x.x.x.x 2/7 > > > > BGP-3 means it's a BGP UPDATE message error > > 2/7 are the error subcodes (I believe!) > > 2- unrecognized well known attribute > > 7- AS Routing loop > > > > take a closer look at your configs, etc... is it possible you've got a > > loop > > on your hands? > > > > hope this helps, > > Charles > > > > > > > > ""Amr Essam"" wrote in message > > [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > > > Dear all > > > > > > I have been receiving this msg in all my routers during the past month > > > and I have searched on how I can remove it but I didn't have any luck > > to > > > find anything can tell on how to remove this entry to appear in my log > > > The entry is: > > > > > > %BGP-3-NOTIFICATION: sent to neighbor x.x.x.x 2/7 > > (unsupported/disjoint > > > capability) 0 bytes > > > > > > I hope I can find some advice on how to remove this entry to appear in > > > my router logs > > > > > > Regards > > > Amr Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=60397&t=60338 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: coutom queuing [7:59824]
Hello Lim, is the answer 12 packets? Wes ""LIM HO MIN"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Q. An interface has been configured for custom queuing. Bandwidth has been > allocated for three flows A, B and C with average packet sizes of 1000bytes, > 500bytes, and 250bytes respectively. If flow A has been configured to allow > one packet per servicing of its queue, how many packets need to be allowed > for flow C in order to achieve a ratio of 20:50:30 for flows A, B and C > respectively? Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=59825&t=59824 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Frame Relay congestion control [7:59478]
Hey Rick, One question that had me thinking, How will the DTE (in this case R1) translate the BECN received from Ra to notify the source which is behind R1 that congestion is occuring and that he should slow sown transmission? TIA Wesley ""rick"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > The bits are set by the equipment in the FR cloud. > > > | | > R1--|--Ra-RbRc-|-R2 > | | > FR boundry FR boundry > > > In a simplified drawing like this if the link from router Rb to Rc was > becoming congested Rb would notify Ra of the congestion and Ra would > notify R1 that there is FORWARD CONGESTION and to slow down data > the transmission rate. > > > > On Wed, 18 Dec 2002, Deepak Achar wrote: > > > Hi all > > I have very basic doubt regarding the frame-relay congestion control. > > > > I have two routers which are connected thro' FR network.This is as follows > > > > > > R1---FR cloud---FR cloud--R2 > > > > Now suppose the congestion is occuring in the path R1 to R2 and there is no > > congestion in the path from R2 to R1. > >According to theory, FR network will set the FECN bit to a 1 in those > > frames that r going form R1 to R2. The FR network will set the BECN bit to > a > > 1 in those frames that r going from R2 to R1. > > My thinking is if the network is already congested, would the frames be > > discarded before they reach the other end. If this is true, how will the > > other end router would come to know that the congestion is happening in the > > path. > > If the its not true, then how will those frames, with FECN and BECN bit > > set to 1, reach the FR routers at the end, even though there is congestion > > in the path. > > I am confused regarding this. Please can anyone helpme out in this > regard. > > > > Regards > > Deepak Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=59599&t=59478 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 1750 router boot loading problem [7:58028]
have u tried Ctrl-Break? ""Ilker"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Hi all, > > After writing wrong confreg count. I can not break POST during boot in order > to get rommon screen on 1750 router. I m using hyperterminal of win2000 > with autodetect terminal setting. > > How can i break boot process? > > Any ideas ? > > Thanks. > Ilker G. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=58029&t=58028 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: ftp access... [7:53677]
Thank you for your response Pricilla, I'm on my way to your page now. This is just a project for myself to have access to certain files when I'm away from home, not a public access ftp server. My private network is currently behind a 1750 w/ IOS Firewall Feature Set until I can get a PIX. I have a syslog server running & get a message that my access list permitted tcp (1 packet) from my session attempt. I am trying to ftp via browser using dial-up & Win 98se. I'll keep trying Thanx again for your response ! Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53775&t=53677 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ftp access... [7:53677]
I'm trying to provide access from the internet through a router to an ftp server on a private network... this is part of the config I have so far: ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.6.2 21 interface Ethernet0 21 Ethernet0 has the global address and 192.168.6.2 is the ftp server on the private side. I also have the following; ip nat inside source list 5 pool global overload ! Tells which addresses to "nat" using pool named "global" for outbound connections Am I creating problems having 2 'ip nat' statments? Do I need to apply access lists as well? I need some help, TIA... Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53677&t=53677 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Security for router connected to Cable Service [7:43322]
Hello, have you come up w/ a solution to allow connections into your network, say to an ftp server from the outside, through a router using the IOS Firewall Feature Set? I could use some input or any ideas on how to configure that. Thanx for any suggestions Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=53597&t=43322 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: CSPFA Beta Exams [7:50984]
Hey Larry, Would like to know how it went for you. I'm scheduled to take the exam on the 22nd! Last day to take the beta exam. Did the questions follow the blueprint exactly or is the scope wider? Thanks. Wes ""Roberts, Larry"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Just curious if anyone else has taken this exam yet? > Wanted to see if your opinion of it is the same as mine! This being the > first beta I have taken for Cisco, I can only hope the other 2 are better! > > > Thanks > > Larry Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=51033&t=50984 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: memory [7:49988]
Your total memory would be 64 M For more info on 2600 memory structure check out the following link http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/63/2600_architecture_23852.html ""KW S"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > wesley > > so is the total memory 64M or 48M ? > > thanks Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=50042&t=49988 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: memory [7:49988]
49152K/16384K = main memory/shared memory ""KW S"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Can anyone tell me ... > > Based on the below details, the total memory is 64Mb > what does both 49152K and 16384K indicate ? > > *cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with > 49152K/16384K bytes of memory. * Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=49989&t=49988 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: DCE or DTE [7:49625]
I believe its show controllers serial x. ""John Brandis"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Been away from routers for a while > > whats the command to figure out which serial in in a back to abck config is > DCE/DTE ? > > Reason is I have 2 back to back 2503's. My serial cable is going to S0 in > each router. IN the configs, I have > > Bris Router# > int s0 > ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 > encapsulation ppp > bandwidth 64 > clock rate 64000 > no shut > > Melb Router# > int s0 > ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 > encapsulation ppp > bandwidth 64 > no shut > > What am I missing as I have the int face is up, line proto down. I really > should be able to figure this one out, however its late afternoon in > Australia and I want to sleep after a big night of watching Buffy repeats. > > John Brandis > > Desk: 02-9278-0629 > Mobile: 0414-495-320 > [EMAIL PROTECTED] > www.solution6.com > > > > > ** > > visit http://www.solution6.com > visit http://www.eccountancy.com - everything for accountants. > > UK Customers - http://www.solution6.co.uk > > * > This email message (and attachments) may contain information that is > confidential to Solution 6. If you are not the intended recipient you cannot > use, distribute or copy the message or attachments. In such a case, please > notify the sender by return email immediately and erase all copies of the > message and attachments. Opinions, conclusions and other information in > this message and attachments that do not relate to the official business of > Solution 6 are neither given nor endorsed by it. > * Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=49628&t=49625 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996]
Heya Priscilla, Thanks for the explaination. Is it safe to assume that Cisco routers do not perform an all subnets broadcast? I found something off Google that I would like to share with you guys. This is an excerpt from "TCP/IP Tutorial" by IBM. All-Subnets-Directed Broadcast Address If the network number is a valid network number, the network is subnetted and the local part is all ones (for example, 128.2.255.255), then the address refers to all hosts on all subnets in the specified network. In principle routers may propagate broadcasts for all subnets but are not required to do so. In practice, they do not; there are few circumstances where such a broadcast would be desirable, and it can lead to problems, particularly if a host has been incorrectly configured with no subnet mask. Consider the wasted resource involved if a host 9.180.214.114 in the subnetted Class A network 9 thought that it was not subnetted and used 9.255.255.255 as a local broadcast address instead of 9.180.214.255 and all of the routers in the network respected the request to forward the request to all clients. If routers do respect all-subnets-directed broadcast address, they use an algorithm called reverse path forwarding to prevent the broadcast messages from multiplying out of control. See RFC 922 for more details on this algorithm. I guess an important point here is whether routers respect the all-subnets directed broadcast. A question on the /32 entries in the routing table. I can understand that each async line can only have one host at the remote end and therefore would have a host route in the routing table. So how do the hosts on async lines receive broadcasts? What would be their broadcast address? It would only make sense that the broadcast packet was not delivered to the hosts connected to Router 5. That is why the packets kept bouncing back and forth. Otherwise it would have been delivered to the hosts and this problem would not have surfaced. Why is it that the all ones subnet was initially excluded as a valid subnet? It would seem perfectly OK to me to use the all zeros and all ones subnet numbers. I mean with prefix routing, these things can be distinguished. Like you said, the problem discussed in the article was pretty 'artsy'. As always, thank you so very much. Wesley ""Priscilla Oppenheimer"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Wesley wrote: > > > > So there isn't a broadcast address for all /27 subnets? > > I don't think sending to all subnets of a network is something that IP ever > defined. > > > I > > basically > > understand that the last address of each subnet is reserved for > > subnet > > broadcast. I was just wondering if the broadcasting > > architecture allowed for > > all subnets to be broadcasted at once. And Mark, since you are > > the only one > > replying mind if you check out the CCO link in the original > > I hope Mark will answer too, but since we're the only ones talking now, I'll > jump in. ;-) > > > post and tell me > > your views on the issues that I have highlighted. I'll provide > > the link > > again > > > > http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html > > I think the main thing to realize about the article is that it's a very > strange case. Notice that the Asynch routers have a bunch of host-specific > routes (/32). And then their E0's are configured with a /24 subnet mask, > even though they probably should really be /26 to fit the network design. > > And then to make the problem happen they had to have a host misconfigured > for /24 also and have it send a NetBIOS (or other) broadcast to x.x.x.255. > > I suggest that you set up a more normal situation in your lab and see if you > can get the problem to happen. Perhaps TAC ran into a problem matching the > scenario they describe. But is the problem reproducible under more normal > condistions? (Perhaps TAC just made up the scenario too!? There are parts of > it that aren't too believable. ;-) > > Please see a few more comments below. > > snip > > > > > > > > > I was going thru this article about the effect of using the > > all ones > > > > subnet. > > > > There are somethings that I'm still confused about. The > > link is > > > > > > > > http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html > > > > > > > > 1. In the first example, when host 195.1.1.24 sends a local > > broadcast > > > to > > > > 195.1.1.255, will hosts attached to router 2's async lines > > receive the > > > > broadcast? > > No, the asynch lines are using /32. > > > > > > > > &
Re: Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996]
So there isn't a broadcast address for all /27 subnets? I basically understand that the last address of each subnet is reserved for subnet broadcast. I was just wondering if the broadcasting architecture allowed for all subnets to be broadcasted at once. And Mark, since you are the only one replying mind if you check out the CCO link in the original post and tell me your views on the issues that I have highlighted. I'll provide the link again http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html In that example, I have a feeling that routers do forward subnet directed broadcasts. Can anyone else explain the behaviour of the routers in the example i.e. broadcast packets bouncing between Routers 1 and 5. Any comments is greatly appreciated. Thank you. ""Vicuna, Mark"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > It will be the all 1's bit for that subnet eg. for 192.168.1.224/27 it > would be 192.168.1.255 and for 192.168.1.32/27 it would be 192.168.1.63. > > > HTH, > Mark. > > -Original Message- > From: Wesley [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > Sent: Wednesday, 17 July 2002 6:21 PM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Re: Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996] > > > Then how would you define an all /27 subnets broadcast i.e. not just > 192.168.1.224 subnet getting the broadcast but all subnets? Thank you > for > the reply BTW. > > ""Vicuna, Mark"" wrote in message > [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > > Hi Wesley, > > > > a) correct > > > > b) no, as 192.168.1.32/27, 192.168.1.64/27 and > > 192.168.1.96/27 are on a different subnet to the broadcast > 192.168.1.255 > > (this is for the 192.168.1.224/27 subnet). > > > > c) from the answer to b), no. Only hosts on the 192.168.1.224/27 > subnet > > will see the broadcast packet of 192.168.1.225. > > > > > > HTH, > > Mark. > > -Original Message- > > From: Wesley [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > > Sent: Wednesday, 17 July 2002 16:49 > > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > Subject: Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996] > > > > > > Hello Group, > > > > Three things to confirm about broadcasts. > > > > a) the all ones broadcast i.e 255.255.255.255 by default will only be > > propagated to the local network and is not forwarded by routers > > > > b) network and subnet directed broadcasts. If I were to broadcast to > > 192.168.1.255, and I have subnets 192.168.1.32/27, 192.168.1.64/27 and > > 192.168.1.96/27, would all the subnets receive it as well? > > > > c) referring to scenario b), I believe that broadcasts with > destination > > 192.168.1.255 is forwarded. Is this true? > > > > I was going thru this article about the effect of using the all ones > > subnet. > > There are somethings that I'm still confused about. The link is > > > > http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html > > > > 1. In the first example, when host 195.1.1.24 sends a local broadcast > to > > 195.1.1.255, will hosts attached to router 2's async lines receive the > > broadcast? > > > > 2. OK, its a directed broadcast and router 2 looks up its routing > table > > and > > forwards it out using the default route. Router 1 receives the packet. > I > > believe the packet is forwarded out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets, > right? > > Will > > Router 1 forward the packet back to Router 2? I hope not > > > > 2a. Another way of looking at it is router 1 thinks that it is a > > broadcast > > only for subnet 195.1.1.192 and forwards it out only to router 5. > Hmmm > > > > I'm definitely confused > > > > 3. Router 5 receives the packet from router 1. How will it interpret > the > > packet? I'm guessing that the router sees it as a directed broadcast > and > > send it out via the default route. Is it normal that routers forward a > > packet out from an interface that it received on? As in its received > on > > e0 > > and forwarded out e0 as well > > > > 4. Once router 1 receives the packet from router 5, will it forward > the > > packet out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets again or just to router 5. The > > article did not detail this part and just specified that it will > bounce > > between routers 1 and 5. It also says that routers 2 thru 4 see the > > 'broadcast' only once. The way I see it , if all subnets receive the > > broadcast then routers 2 thru 4 should receive the packets as many > times > > as > > router 5. > > > > I would appreciate all the help I can get. I know you gurus can help > me > > out. > > Thanks!! > > > > Wes Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=49043&t=48996 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996]
Then how would you define an all /27 subnets broadcast i.e. not just 192.168.1.224 subnet getting the broadcast but all subnets? Thank you for the reply BTW. ""Vicuna, Mark"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Hi Wesley, > > a) correct > > b) no, as 192.168.1.32/27, 192.168.1.64/27 and > 192.168.1.96/27 are on a different subnet to the broadcast 192.168.1.255 > (this is for the 192.168.1.224/27 subnet). > > c) from the answer to b), no. Only hosts on the 192.168.1.224/27 subnet > will see the broadcast packet of 192.168.1.225. > > > HTH, > Mark. > -Original Message- > From: Wesley [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > Sent: Wednesday, 17 July 2002 16:49 > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996] > > > Hello Group, > > Three things to confirm about broadcasts. > > a) the all ones broadcast i.e 255.255.255.255 by default will only be > propagated to the local network and is not forwarded by routers > > b) network and subnet directed broadcasts. If I were to broadcast to > 192.168.1.255, and I have subnets 192.168.1.32/27, 192.168.1.64/27 and > 192.168.1.96/27, would all the subnets receive it as well? > > c) referring to scenario b), I believe that broadcasts with destination > 192.168.1.255 is forwarded. Is this true? > > I was going thru this article about the effect of using the all ones > subnet. > There are somethings that I'm still confused about. The link is > > http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html > > 1. In the first example, when host 195.1.1.24 sends a local broadcast to > 195.1.1.255, will hosts attached to router 2's async lines receive the > broadcast? > > 2. OK, its a directed broadcast and router 2 looks up its routing table > and > forwards it out using the default route. Router 1 receives the packet. I > believe the packet is forwarded out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets, right? > Will > Router 1 forward the packet back to Router 2? I hope not > > 2a. Another way of looking at it is router 1 thinks that it is a > broadcast > only for subnet 195.1.1.192 and forwards it out only to router 5. Hmmm > > I'm definitely confused > > 3. Router 5 receives the packet from router 1. How will it interpret the > packet? I'm guessing that the router sees it as a directed broadcast and > send it out via the default route. Is it normal that routers forward a > packet out from an interface that it received on? As in its received on > e0 > and forwarded out e0 as well > > 4. Once router 1 receives the packet from router 5, will it forward the > packet out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets again or just to router 5. The > article did not detail this part and just specified that it will bounce > between routers 1 and 5. It also says that routers 2 thru 4 see the > 'broadcast' only once. The way I see it , if all subnets receive the > broadcast then routers 2 thru 4 should receive the packets as many times > as > router 5. > > I would appreciate all the help I can get. I know you gurus can help me > out. > Thanks!! > > Wes Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=49001&t=48996 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Broadcasting and the all ones subnet [7:48996]
Hello Group, Three things to confirm about broadcasts. a) the all ones broadcast i.e 255.255.255.255 by default will only be propagated to the local network and is not forwarded by routers b) network and subnet directed broadcasts. If I were to broadcast to 192.168.1.255, and I have subnets 192.168.1.32/27, 192.168.1.64/27 and 192.168.1.96/27, would all the subnets receive it as well? c) referring to scenario b), I believe that broadcasts with destination 192.168.1.255 is forwarded. Is this true? I was going thru this article about the effect of using the all ones subnet. There are somethings that I'm still confused about. The link is http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html 1. In the first example, when host 195.1.1.24 sends a local broadcast to 195.1.1.255, will hosts attached to router 2's async lines receive the broadcast? 2. OK, its a directed broadcast and router 2 looks up its routing table and forwards it out using the default route. Router 1 receives the packet. I believe the packet is forwarded out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets, right? Will Router 1 forward the packet back to Router 2? I hope not 2a. Another way of looking at it is router 1 thinks that it is a broadcast only for subnet 195.1.1.192 and forwards it out only to router 5. Hmmm I'm definitely confused 3. Router 5 receives the packet from router 1. How will it interpret the packet? I'm guessing that the router sees it as a directed broadcast and send it out via the default route. Is it normal that routers forward a packet out from an interface that it received on? As in its received on e0 and forwarded out e0 as well 4. Once router 1 receives the packet from router 5, will it forward the packet out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets again or just to router 5. The article did not detail this part and just specified that it will bounce between routers 1 and 5. It also says that routers 2 thru 4 see the 'broadcast' only once. The way I see it , if all subnets receive the broadcast then routers 2 thru 4 should receive the packets as many times as router 5. I would appreciate all the help I can get. I know you gurus can help me out. Thanks!! Wes Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=48996&t=48996 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
All ones subnet [7:48570]
Hello Group, Posted this yesterday but mysteriously disappeared :-). Three things to confirm about broadcasts. a) the all ones broadcast i.e 255.255.255.255 by default will only be propagated to the local network and is not forwarded by routers b) network and subnet directed broadcasts. If I were to broadcast to 192.168.1.255, and I have subnets 192.168.1.32/27, 192.168.1.64/27 and 192.168.1.96/27, would all the subnets receive it as well? c) referring to scenario b), I believe that broadcasts with destination 192.168.1.255 is forwarded. Is this true? I was going thru this article about the effect of using the all ones subnet. There are somethings that I'm still confused about. The link is http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/105/40.html 1. In the first example, when host 195.1.1.24 sends a local broadcast to 195.1.1.255, will hosts attached to router 2's async lines receive the broadcast? 2. OK, its a directed broadcast and router 2 looks up its routing table and forwards it out using the default route. Router 1 receives the packet. I believe the packet is forwarded out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets, right? Will Router 1 forward the packet back to Router 2? I hope not 2a. Another way of looking at it is router 1 thinks that it is a broadcast only for subnet 195.1.1.192 and forwards it out only to router 5. Hmmm I'm definitely confused 3. Router 5 receives the packet from router 1. How will it interpret the packet? I'm guessing that the router sees it as a directed broadcast and send it out via the default route. Is it normal that routers forward a packet out from an interface that it received on? As in its received on e0 and forwarded out e0 as well 4. Once router 1 receives the packet from router 5, will it forward the packet out to all 192.1.1.x/26 subnets again or just to router 5. The article did not detail this part and just specified that it will bounce between routers 1 and 5. It also says that routers 2 thru 4 see the 'broadcast' only once. The way I see it , if all subnets receive the broadcast then routers 2 thru 4 should receive the packets as many times as router 5. I would appreciate all the help I can get. I know you gurus can help me out. Thanks!! Wes Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=48570&t=48570 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Confusion: Channelized and Unchannelized T1 [7:47844]
Hey Matt, That's exactly where I got my info from. BTW, that's a really good book to learn about T1, unchannelized or otherwise. And it goes into HDLC, PPP and Frame Relay as well. The reindeer on the front cover rocks! hehe Wes ""Matthew Crane"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > Hi John > > Thought I would just add a few words from 'T1 A survival guide' from > O'Reilly. > > T1 = DS1 delivered over a 4 wire copper interface > DS1 = Digital Stream level 1 - 24 DS0's combined into a DS1 which supplies > 1536 kbps connectivity plus 8 kbps framing and signalling overhead for a > total of 1544kbps. > DS0 = A single 64kbps channel. > > p149 - "Each time slot in the T1 has the capacity to support one traditional > telephone call. Channelised T1 does exactly this - each of the 24 time slots > can be treated as a digital telephone line. Each line has a 64kbps raw > capacity, but since a byte must be used for signalling the maximum thoughput > of a cT1 channel is 56kbps. On ther otherhand unchannelised T1 simply views > each time slot as the opporunity to send another 8bits of data to the remote > end and the enite capacity is one big pipe." > > p163 - Configuring cT1...Individual DS0's may be configured for different > purposes. Some may be used for voice, some for data and different time slots > may use different types of signalling. > > The book itself concentrates on unchannelised T1 and has been a great help > to me over the past months working in the States, since in Europe we have > simple E1 > > Regards > > MFC Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=47953&t=47844 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Confusion: Channelized and Unchannelized T1 [7:47844]
I think the main thing to note about cT1s is bit robbed signalling i.e channel asscociated signalling normally used to transport voice. Therefore, we've got 7 bits of payload, 1 bit for signalling for every timeslot and 1 bit for framing. Bit robbed signalling would effectively yield a 56 kbps pipe as opposed to 64 kbps offered by ISDN PRI. However, 64 kbps (1 timeslot) of the 24 timeslots is used for signalling. This is also known as common channel signalling. As I understand it, there are three major types of services riding on T1 links: 1. Pure data T1 i.e. unchannelized T1 2. Channelized T1 and 3. ISDN PRI Wes ""Steven A. Ridder"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > I think a channelized T1 sends 193 bit frames as well. 8 for each channel > plus 1 for timing = 193. > > All T1's are channelized, otherwise it would have to be some sort of > byte-synch communication, which isn't plausible. > > I think the tech you spoke to is incorrect as well. > > > ""John Neiberger"" wrote in message > [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > > Just when I thought I understood the T1 world pretty well we've run into > > a situation that is thoroughly confusing me. > > > > I was under the impression that channelized T1 services used 24 > > timeslots. I call that 'channelized' because it has 24 distinct > > 'channels'. It's my understanding that unchannelized T1 doesn't use the > > 24 timeslots and instead sends one giant 192-bit frame. > > > > At one of our locations we are muxing voice and data traffic onto a > > single T1. At each end we split off certain channels to a router and > > other channels over to the PBX. To do this, wouldn't the T1 *have* to > > be channelized, since we're separating the channels at the CSU/DSU? > > According to our provider, that circuit is unchannelized. If a circuit > > is truly unchannelized, how would the CSU/DSU be able to accurately > > split the T1 into two separate streams based on channel information? > > > > To be more clear, let's say we have the CSU/DSU configured to split > > channels 1-12 to the router and 13-24 to the PBX. This splitting > > function is based on the assumption that channels exist on the incoming > > T1. If they don't exist and we have one giant frame instead of 24 > > smaller frames, how could this possibly be working?? > > > > Yowza...my head hurts. > > > > John Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=47922&t=47844 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Flash upgrade problems [7:46990]
I'd always thought there was a specific way of inserting the flash chip regardless of where it's 'facing'. Odd thing is I tried loading the IOS (v11.2) on two separate flash chips. Tried it on two different routers (2511 and 2523), had the same errors. Loaded a 12.0 and the errors just disappeared. I'm just waiting for the time when I upgrade to an IOS that requires 16MB. Hope this same thing doesnt happen again. Weird! Wesley ""Daniel Cotts"" wrote in message [EMAIL PROTECTED]">news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]... > "face a different way"?? Sounds like Flash meant for a 4500/3600 etc that > runs IOS from Memory rather than from Flash. That Flash is slower. You can > use 2500 Flash in 4500s but I don't believe the reverse is true. I'm > assuming that you have a newer version of Boot ROMs that are more > understanding of different vendor's Flash. > > --Original Message- > > From: Karen Menpes [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > > Sent: Sunday, June 23, 2002 4:14 PM > > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > > Subject: RE: Flash upgrade problems [7:46990] > > > > > > I had this issue when I tried to install an 8MB flash memory > > chip into an > > old 2500 series router. > > > > I eventually had to purchase a 4MB chip to make up the flash > > memory to a > > total of only 8MB ! This 4MB memory module worked OK. It > > seems that some > > older Cisco 2500 series routers just don't like the new 8MB > > memory modules > > simply because they face a different way when they are installed. > > > > Karen Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=47281&t=46990 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
San Diego.. [7:40498]
Does anyone know of any instructor led CCIE Security level training available in the San Diego area? I'm not necessarily talking about "boot camps", but a class longer than a week or so. Also, are there any members here in the San Diego area with the CCIE Security lab as a goal? Thanx for any reply. I can be contacted at [EMAIL PROTECTED] Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=40498&t=40498 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Updated: Cable modems & two 2501s [7:13649]
Hey Frank, I'm trying to hook up a Cisco 1750 ethernet port & a Linksys router to my Roadrunner cable modem. The 2nd ethernet port on the 1750 will have lab routers connected to it, the Linksys router (4-port switch) will have a few computers connected to it. I want all to have access to the Internet this way...do you think it will work? Thanx Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=34241&t=13649 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Config [7:20759]
That's what I'm having a problem with. RtrB can ping the PC & RtrA can ping the RtrB e0 interface, but won't ping the PC. It was mentioned to make the default gateway on the PC the RtrB e0 address. I'll try that & see what happens... thanx to all your help. That was exactly the answer I needed. Big THANX to whom ever said make the e0 interface the default gateway of the PC. I'm not sure if I really clearly understand why the PC would respond to RtrB's pings and not RtrA's. anyway. Another example of the benefits to joining a group such as this... hope I can return the favor in the future !!! Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=21101&t=20759 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
RE: Config [7:20759]
Hey Paul, I'm not getting any communication between s0(192.1.1.3) & e0 (192.168.1.10) on RtrB using an extended ping with e0 as the destination and s0 as the source. I entered "ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 e0" and it doesn't show up in the route table. I entered "ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 e0" and it shows up in the route table as "Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0 and it still doesn't work. I know this is a simple thing to do, but it's not working out for me. What am I not doing Thanx Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=20797&t=20759 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Config [7:20759]
I need help w/ a little config info... RtrA (s0 192.1.1.4)& RtrB (s0 192.1.1.3) connected via serial cable. They can each ping each other. RtrB has a PC (ip address 192.168.1.1)connected to its' e0 int (192.168.1.10) through a hub. How can I ping from RtrA (s0 192.1.1.4)to the PC attached to RtrB(e0 192.168.1.10)? Do I need a static route on RtrB from the s0 interface to the e0 interface? TIA. Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=20759&t=20759 -- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
