Re: Virtualization of Windows XP
On 03.10.2024 13:27, Timothy M Butterworth wrote: On Thu, Oct 3, 2024 at 4:18 AM Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: ... hvm My machines in Trixie are: machine="pc-q35-9.0">hvm When dealing with legacy OS like WinXP I prefer to be on a safe side and choose older module, which emulates a chipset from Pentium I era. So guest OS won't freak out and will install drivers automatically. It also matters if OS was previously installed on that specific virtualized hardware, otherwise it will boot into BSoD. Older OS can't handle properly these, basically, "motherboard swaps". -- With kindest regards, Alexander. Debian - The universal operating system https://www.debian.org
Re: Virtualization of Windows XP
On 03.10.2024 05:14, Gary Dale wrote: I'm running Debian/Stable on an AMD64 system. I have a number of kvm/qemu virtual machines running on it, including Home Assistant and a Samba DC, along with multiple Windows VMs. Most of them are working fine. However I found a need to fire up an old Windows XP VM but I can't get it to start. I'm using virt-manager to do this on my Debian/Testing workstation, connecting to the VMs on the Debian/Stable server. When I open the VM (using the virt-manager gui) I get the error: host does not support domain type kvm with machine "pc-0.12' for virtualization type 'hvm' with architecture 'x86_64' I have two Windows XP VMs - 32bit and 64bit - and they both give the same message. I haven't tried using the Windows XP VMs in years, so I have no idea when the problem originated. I do know at one point they worked. Any ideas on what's going wrong and how to fix it? I vaguely remember an error message like this. I think it was because a module "pc-0.12" was either renamed or deprecated. You can edit VM (domain) configuration described in xml directly using virt-manager. To make it happen you need to enable this function in Preferences menu ( Edit >> Preferences >> Enable XML Editing ). Now, if you open hardware details of your VM, there will be an extra tab called "XML". Select "Overview" from the hardware list and click on "XML" tab. Look for a string that looks like this: hvm And change it to: hvm Click Apply button to save changes and try to start VM again. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. Debian - The universal operating system https://www.debian.org
Re: Is there any way to STD in Debian?
On 26.09.2024 19:38, Nicholas Geovanis wrote: On Thu, Sep 26, 2024, 9:23 AM Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: On 26.09.2024 14:51, YOYO wrote: Hello everyone, Recently, I need to cut off power supply with all my running tasks saved. But it seems that the hibernate mode provided in Debian only allows me to Suspend to Ram(STR, or S3 mode in ACPI). Is there any way to Suspend to Disk (STD, or S4 Mode in ACPI) in Debian? Thank you for your replies in advance. Best Regards, Richard Do you have a swap partition? It has to be sufficient in size and is necessary for Hibernation to work. Do the usual rules-of-thumb for swap sizing apply in the case of hibernation? Or should it be larger than that? My PC has 48GB of RAM and 8GB swap partition, so I have to check how much memory is used with "$ free -h" before hibernation. In my case it is usually around 6GB, after I close some memory hogs (VMs) and "sync" storage, so 8GB swap partition is enough for me. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. Debian - The universal operating system https://www.debian.org
Re: Re: Is there any way to STD in Debian?
On 26.09.2024 19:36, YOYO wrote: Hi Alexander, Eben, and everyone in list, Thank you for your replies. The Debian 12 is running in VirtulBox 7.0.20. And I only assigned 2048 MB RAM to it. I'm pretty sure that I have setup a big enough SWAP of around 8 GB when installing Debian 12. When I click "Sleep" button in Windows running in VirtualBox 6.x, the virtual machine will light the screen up again once the screen is off. However, in this case, Debian 12 doesn't light the screen up nor power-off the virtual machine. So the virtual machine goes into a state that OS is not running, power is still on. And I have no way to wake the OS up. All I can do is to fouce power-off and re-start it, just to found all running tasks gone. I don't use VirtualBox and I think this is VirtualBox issue not Debian issue. VirtualBox is not even in Stable repos: $ rmadison virtualbox virtualbox | 7.0.20-dfsg-1 | unstable-debug/contrib | source virtualbox | 7.0.20-dfsg-1 | unstable/contrib | source, amd64 Maybe it is better to use a "save machine state" feature of the VirtualBox instead? https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/topics/Introduction.html#intro-save-machine-state -- With kindest regards, Alexander. Debian - The universal operating system https://www.debian.org
Re: Is there any way to STD in Debian?
On 26.09.2024 14:51, YOYO wrote: Hello everyone, Recently, I need to cut off power supply with all my running tasks saved. But it seems that the hibernate mode provided in Debian only allows me to Suspend to Ram(STR, or S3 mode in ACPI). Is there any way to Suspend to Disk (STD, or S4 Mode in ACPI) in Debian? Thank you for your replies in advance. Best Regards, Richard Do you have a swap partition? It has to be sufficient in size and is necessary for Hibernation to work. You need to edit "/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume" file to provide an UUID of a swap partition, or a path, in case of LVM, to a swap partition and run: # update-initramfs -u Example for traditional disk partitioning scheme: $ cat /etc/fstab | grep -iE "swap" UUID=e990fa6d-3f82-4d65-b6a1-542e240718fc none swap sw 0 0 $ cat /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume RESUME=UUID=e990fa6d-3f82-4d65-b6a1-542e240718fc Example for LVM partitioning scheme: $ cat /etc/fstab | grep -iE "swap" /dev/vg0-nvme/lv1-swap none swap sw 0 0 $ cat /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume RESUME=/dev/vg0-nvme/lv1-swap -- With kindest regards, Alexander. Debian - The universal operating system https://www.debian.org
Re: How to generate a certificate for an HP printer?
On 22.09.2024 02:25, Charles Curley wrote: I have an HP LaserJet MFP M234sdw printer. I am getting error messages from CUPS that say something like "cups-pki expired". The certificate on the printer expired recently. How do I generate a signed certificate to use in the printer? There is no mechanism to do so in the printer's firmware. You can use "easy-rsa" package to create private Certificate Authority (CA) and generate signed certificates. It is a collection of openssl wrapper scripts and is quick and simple to use. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. Debian - The universal operating system https://www.debian.org
Re: BIOS unreadable at boot
On 16.09.2024 04:12, Will Mengarini wrote: I am trying to install Debian on a new prebuilt, but when I boot and press , the screen is garbled. Windows later figures it out, but by that time it's too late to tell the BIOS to boot from a USB stick on which I've installed netinst. The mobo is a Gigabyte B450M DS3H WIFI (rev 1.5), manual at <https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/B450M-DS3H-WIFI-rev-15#kf>. I can see some letters on the garbled screen, but have not yet been able to figure out how to get to the boot order. So, either of 2 things might help me: (1) The complete key sequence at the BIOS screen (or its help screen) to tell the mobo to boot from the USB stick first. (2) Some way to boot that stick or its contents directly from inside Windows. These symptoms are most certainly indicate a hardware problem and probably a BIOS problem. Nothing to do with OS boot process. I've read through some of the answers and there are options to try: 1. Try another HDMI cable and another monitor/TV. 2. If your PC has two RAM sticks, try to boot PC with just one. Try to switch them with one another and try other memory slots. Also try another DDR4 RAM stick if possible. 3. If two options above didn't get you a normal POST screen, try to update BIOS from Windows. If these these options won't resolve this problem, and you won't get a normal POST screen, I suggest to return this PC ASAP. There is nothing other you can do to fix it, and if you keep it, this problem could progress further, or show itself as other issues, like infrequent BSODs and Kernel Panics, etc. It has a hardware problem, a faulty CPU(iGPU), faulty motherboard (HDMI connector, CPU socket connectivity, RAM slot connectivity, etc) or memory stick compatibility issue with current BIOS. What's your AMD CPU model btw? -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: hibernate area
On 11.09.2024 10:53, e...@gmx.us wrote: On 9/11/24 01:04, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: In mean time, I enjoy fast performance of SSD drives and keep an eye on them using "smartd". Does smartd warn you about impending death? In a way, yes. SSDs and especially NVMe drives are vulnerable to overheating, so temperature monitoring helps. Checking selected SMART attributes also helps. Keep in mind, SMART IDs often depend on drive's manufacturer and firmware. Here are two specimens: SATA SSD with MLC (2-bit) NAND: https://paste.debian.net/hidden/3d073e37 NVMe SSD with TLC (3-bit) NAND: https://paste.debian.net/hidden/e4bfff80 SATA SSD was used as system drive and attribute ID 9 tells us it was online for 42414 hours (almost 5 years). Attribute ID 12 counts times when it was powered on. PC is used daily and rarely reboots, so 3843 times means this SSD is roughly 8-9 years old. Attribute ID 231 indicates it has 95% of life left. Attribute IDs 5, 187, 196 tell us there weren't any write errors yet. Attribute ID 233 shows total of 44TB written to NAND chips. Smartd runs short self-tests on it every week and extended self-tests every month. It now serves mostly as VM storage after I upgraded system disk to NVMe drive and in 5 years of normal use only 5% of its life was spent. NVMe SSD is now serves as system drive. SMART is slightly different for NVMe drives and you can't run self-tests, but it still useful. You still can monitor "Temperature", "Percentage Used", "Power on Hours", "Integrity Errors", etc. As you can see devices based on TLC (3-bit) 3D NAND chips are not very durable in comparison to MLC (2-bit) NAND ones, but 4% of wear per year is acceptable enough. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: hibernate area
On 11.09.2024 05:34, e...@gmx.us wrote: It probably would. I'm worried about shortening the life of the NVME drive with all those short writes. Do SSDs fail by going read-only, or do they just vanish and take your data with them? Yes, usually they do just vanish and take your data with them, however it would take several decades to wear-off TLC (3-bit) 3D NAND chips on SSD through normal daily usage of it as a system drive. By normal daily usage I mean swap partition, system updates, working with documents, occasional spins of VMs, etc. In my experience, it is far more likely the controller IC would fail, leaving data on NAND ICs intact, but the data recovery from SSDs is very expensive, if possible at all, because some of the drives use encryption and compression algorithms internally, making data to look like a byte-salad if examined directly on a chip. There is more to it, and knowing all this, I always assume that all data on my SSDs will be lost and perform regular automated backups. So, when SSD will fail, I'll simply replace it and restore data from my backups. In mean time, I enjoy fast performance of SSD drives and keep an eye on them using "smartd". -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Install Debian 12.5 on QNAP TS-210
On 24.04.2024 19:49, David Hörnlund wrote: Hi debian-user, I have an old QNAP TS-210 that would continue to be useful for me. If it is still possible to use it with the latest Debian Stable. There is a webpage at https://www.cyrius.com/debian/kirkwood/qnap/ts-219/ That have instruktions on how to install Debian 10 on this device. Can I install Debian 10 on the device today still or is that version not available anymore? Are the .Deb packades still on the mirrors? If the files are available will it install or is it blocked somehow? If I follow the steps on the webpage and do what the author suggests: My recommendation is for the third option; Arnaud Mouiche has created a script that re-configures the partition layout. Arnaud Mouiche's method has been used by many users with success. Will Debian 12 have the necessary packades and cpu architecture support to allow Debian 12 to boot and run. But also receive updates and new software configured for the QNAP TS-210? According to the author Debian dropped the support for this device when support ended for Debian 10. The Marvel ARM SoC IC is still supported by kernel [1], so the only reason support was ended at Debian 10 is indeed because of limited space on the flash device. I don't see why it shouldn't work, if information on Arnaud Mouiche's Github page [2] is correct. If I had this device I'd definitely gave it a try. But you have to be careful, since the whole process requires re-flashing custom firmware, you might end up with bricked device. Another option is to simply continue to use QNAP internal OS. [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v6.1/arm/marvell.html#kirkwood-family [2] https://github.com/amouiche/qnap_mtd_resize_for_bullseye -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Root password strength
On 22.03.2024 14:57, Jan Krapivin wrote: чт, 21 мар. 2024 г. в 22:34, Alexander V. Makartsev : This conclusion seems less than optimal to me. By condemning yourself to type 12+ character password every time you 'sudo' would really hurt accessibility and usability of your home computer and for no good reason. If we focus solely on your use case: a login security of a PC at home, without remote access, then password of your sudo user could be as short and simple as four numbers, of course unrelated to your date of birth, phone number, or any other easily guessable sequence of numbers, like '1234'. Are you speaking only about sudo or root password also? Dealing with root password could be tricky and you have three options: 1. You can implement the same 'faillock' scheme for root user as well and make root password shorter for convenience. Pro: 3 failed login attempts and root user will be locked for a time period. Con: You or somebody can (un)intentionally lock out root user for a time period. 2. You can set good password (12+ symbols) for root user without 'faillock' scheme. Pro: You will be always able to login as root user. Con: Typing 12+ symbols password could be a headache. 3. You can unset (delete) root user password and lock the account. Pro: Nobody will be able to login as root user directly. Instead you will have to rely on sudo user to gain root privileges. Con: You will have to keep sudo account safe and set shorter lockup time period or make another sudo user as backup. If you prefer to have root user as failsafe, to fix system when you screw something up. I suggest to go for option 2 and keep it simple. The thing that bothers me are words: "*_any_* computer (and a fortiori any server) connected to the Internet*_is regularly targeted by automated connection attempts" _* I am not tech-savvy. Can you say with 100% (90%?) confidence that there is no such thing? That home PC without SSH and whatever complicated is safe (rather safe) from "*_automated connection attempts"? _* This thread reminded of that topic - https://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=154002 *_ _* That statement is not entirely true, because it depends on a method how a PC is connected to the Internet. There are three options: 1. Your PC is connected to Local Area Network (LAN) and there is a router/firewall device between your PC and the Internet cord. In this case any unsolicited Internet traffic (automated connections, port scans, etc) will be stopped by router/firewall device. This is because of how IPv4 network address translation (NAT) works, to allow multiple LAN hosts to connect to Internet with single IP address assigned by Internet Service Provider (ISP). In case you would want some traffic to reach your PC through a router/firewall device, you will have to configure a rule and allow it on router/firewall device. 2. Your PC is connected to a router device that works as a network bridge and your PC has public IP address assigned by ISP. In this case any unsolicited Internet traffic (automated connections, port scans, etc) will reach your PC and should be stopped by a firewall. 3. Your PC is connected to Internet cord directly and PC has public IP address assigned by ISP. In this case any unsolicited Internet traffic (automated connections, port scans, etc) will reach your PC and should be stopped by a firewall. In cases 2 and 3 you have to keep firewall up and configured to block incoming traffic. Also you have to be aware of any active network services on your PC that could be accessed from the Internet and it is your job to keep them secure. These services could be anything: SSH server, FTP server, HTTP server, SQL server, SAMBA server, game servers, etc. In case 1 you are relatively safe from Internet traffic noise. Hosts on your LAN are separated from the Internet by router/firewall device. Now, I don't want to scaremonger and feed anyone's paranoia, but for the sake of completion, there are known cases in history when router/firewall had vulnerabilities, or firmware flaws, or configuration negligence, that allowed perpetrators to 'hack' them, as in gain full access and control over their firmware and gain network access to LAN hosts. These cases are extremely rare nowadays and very hard to pull off successfully, especially if the device owner keeps firmware up-to-date and configuration tidy. I hope this helps you to understand a little more how networking works under the hood and while there is indeed a network traffic noise reaching every second every host on the Internet, 99.99% of it simply dropped by firewalls, ISP filters, or fail otherwise. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Root password strength
On 20.03.2024 20:28, Jan Krapivin wrote: I must mention that "32 characters" is only my guess. In the Handbook it is said: "The root user's password should be long (12 characters or more) and impossible to guess." Also, i must again say that in my case we speak just about a humble home desktop, without a ""ssh" access"" or whatever complicated. Thank you for your answers and tips. I will make a very strong password for root and a strong one for a user in the sudo group. This conclusion seems less than optimal to me. By condemning yourself to type 12+ character password every time you 'sudo' would really hurt accessibility and usability of your home computer and for no good reason. If we focus solely on your use case: a login security of a PC at home, without remote access, then password of your sudo user could be as short and simple as four numbers, of course unrelated to your date of birth, phone number, or any other easily guessable sequence of numbers, like '1234'. And to prevent guessing password by "bruteforce" you will need to restrict number of allowed login attempts. This could be done by enabling and configuring PAM module. ( man pam_faillock ) If configured correctly after a few failed login attempts user will be locked out for a configured amount of time and will be unlocked automatically once time passes. Also think about this scenario: a visitor or relative will get physical access to your PC and will be able to type on keyboard, reboot it, access USB ports, etc. If perpetrator could do all that, long passwords won't save you, because it is easy to reset passwords or add a new sudo user without knowing any passwords. This could be done by simply booting to live OS on USB drive and 'chroot' into filesystem of your OS. To defend from this scenario you need to have encrypted filesystem with a strong password and never leave your PC with logged in session. Logged in user session could be used by hackers in theory and practice to exploit a known (unpatched) or an unknown (0-day) vulnerability and escalate user privileges. Of course, these hackers have to come into your house first. :) -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: testing new sdm drive
On 10.02.2024 03:34, gene heskett wrote: On 2/8/24 07:22, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: This is how I would test it. First create a new GPT partition table and a new 2TB partition: $ sudo gdisk /dev/sdX check /!\ Make double sure you've selected the right device by using "lsblk" and "blkid" utilities. /!\ /!\ It could change from 'sdm' to another name after reboot. /!\ At gdisk prompt press "o" to create a new GPT table, next press "n" to create a new partition, accept default values by pressing "enter". To verify setup press "p", to accept configuration and write it to device press "w". check Next format partition to ext4 filesystem: $ sudo mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -e remount-ro /dev/sdX1 check Next mount the filesystem: $ sudo mkdir /mnt/disktest check $ sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/disktest check Next create reference 1GB file filled with dummy data: $ cd /mnt/disktest check $ sudo fallocate -l 1G ./reftestfile check $ sudo badblocks -w -s -t random ./reftestfile check Now we can use script to create 1830 1GB files and check their checksum: $ for i in $(seq 1830); do sudo dd if="./reftestfile" of="./testfile${i}" status=none; md5sum -b "./testfile${i}" ;done This procedure will take a very long time to complete. "md5sum" will output the checksum for each file and they should be equal to checksum of "reftestfile": $ md5sum -b ./reftestfile Got a problem Alexander: I had to put the script someplace else. So I put it in my private /home/gene/bin as disktest.txt with nano. couldn't find it. But: gene@coyote:/mnt/disktest$ sudo /home/gene/bin/disktest.txt sudo: /home/gene/bin/disktest.txt: command not found If you put that 'for' loop one-liner inside, I think you forgot to make "/home/gene/bin/disktest.txt" executable: $ chmod +x /home/gene/bin/disktest.txt And: gene@coyote:/mnt/disktest$ ls /home/gene/bin/disktest.txt /home/gene/bin/disktest.txt So I think I found the problem with my script, ancient eyeballs can't tell the diff between () and{} so I fixed that but it still won't run or be killed. I don't care how big you've made the t-bird font, by the time you've read 2 more msgs, its back to about 6 point text. Grrr. So I fired up a root session of htop, found about 8 copies of dd showing and started killing them but cannot kill the last 2 in the D state. And cannot find .disktest.txt running in a root htop and the2 copy's of dd can't be killall'd. It's not possible for me to know what went wrong. Have you created "reftestfile" inside "/mnt/disktest" directory? How many "testfile*" files, if any, were created on the filesystem mounted at "/mnt/disktest"? Was there anything relevant in the syslog about "sdm" drive after the test? If you'd followed my instructions step by step, you'd end up inside "/mnt/disktest" directory and for the last step all you had to do is copy and paste that one-liner 'for' loop into the command line. It's a long line and it really meant to be copied and pasted not typed by hand, and also to give you the idea of the process, so you could adjust it if needed. I've tested it again on my computer and it worked as expected, synchronously created "testfiles" inside current directory and calculated their hashes one by one. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: testing new sdm drive
On 09.02.2024 00:23, gene heskett wrote: Looks neat. Any chance this will crash my machine? I have other design work going on, and I'd hate to have to start from scratch. Well, it will consume CPU cycles for sure, at least to calculate md5 hashes and perform I/O on the target drive and RAM. I don't think it could crash the system, but the load could be significant enough to disturb your work, so if I was in your place I'd wait until the machine is free from any work or load and then test the new drive. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: testing new sdm drive
On 08.02.2024 12:14, gene heskett wrote: gene@coyote:/etc$ sudo smartctl --all -dscsi /dev/sdm smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-6.1.0-17-rt-amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Vendor: Product: SSD 3.0 Revision: 2.00 Compliance: SPC-2 User Capacity: 2,097,152,000,000 bytes [2.09 TB] Logical block size: 512 bytes scsiModePageOffset: response length too short, resp_len=4 offset=4 bd_len=0 scsiModePageOffset: response length too short, resp_len=4 offset=4 bd_len=0 >> Terminate command early due to bad response to IEC mode page A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options. gene@coyote:/etc$ And then again, it worked, sorta Cheers, Gene Heskett, CET. Looks like a scam. Probably a reprogrammed controller to falsely report 2TB of space to the system. This is how I would test it. First create a new GPT partition table and a new 2TB partition: $ sudo gdisk /dev/sdX /!\ Make double sure you've selected the right device by using "lsblk" and "blkid" utilities. /!\ /!\ It could change from 'sdm' to another name after reboot. /!\ At gdisk prompt press "o" to create a new GPT table, next press "n" to create a new partition, accept default values by pressing "enter". To verify setup press "p", to accept configuration and write it to device press "w". Next format partition to ext4 filesystem: $ sudo mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -e remount-ro /dev/sdX1 Next mount the filesystem: $ sudo mkdir /mnt/disktest $ sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/disktest Next create reference 1GB file filled with dummy data: $ cd /mnt/disktest $ sudo fallocate -l 1G ./reftestfile $ sudo badblocks -w -s -t random ./reftestfile Now we can use script to create 1830 1GB files and check their checksum: $ for i in $(seq 1830); do sudo dd if="./reftestfile" of="./testfile${i}" status=none; md5sum -b "./testfile${i}" ;done This procedure will take a very long time to complete. "md5sum" will output the checksum for each file and they should be equal to checksum of "reftestfile": $ md5sum -b ./reftestfile 3f2c5fa95492bfaa18f08c801037d80b *./reftestfile $ for i in $(seq 1830); do sudo dd if="./reftestfile" of="./testfile${i}" status=none; md5sum -b "./testfile${i}" ;done 3f2c5fa95492bfaa18f08c801037d80b *./testfile1 3f2c5fa95492bfaa18f08c801037d80b *./testfile2 ... 3f2c5fa95492bfaa18f08c801037d80b *./testfile1830 Obviously, checksum for your "reftestfile" will be different from mine. If 'for' loop fails at some point, you can count testfiles to see how many of them were actually written to disk. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Mariadb error
On 19.01.2024 13:46, Gift Rain wrote: Good day, I'm running Debian 11 and getting error "Failed to start MariaDB 10.5.12 database server. Your MySQL database server doesn't start for some reason. Is there anything helpful in the output? $ sudo journalctl --no-pager -x --unit mariadb.service You can use Debian "pastebin" site [1] to send the output if it is long. What happened before failure? Was it system crash? System upgrade attempt? Anything else? My emails are not working. Another error on my logs is : "warning:proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/sender_bcc_maps_user.cf <http://sender_bcc_maps_user.cf> lookup error for" Postfix uses mysql database to lookup necessary information and since it is not running so does postfix. [1] https://paste.debian.net/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: 512e vs 4K sector confusion
On 14.01.2024 13:15, Andy Smith wrote: On Sun, Jan 14, 2024 at 08:01:52AM +, Andy Smith wrote: If necessary and if there is a way, I *can* nuke off the target machine's "foo" volume group and recreate the RAID array if I have to make it 512e format. But obviously I'd like some way to move this disk image and have it still work without having to meddle inside it much — it is a VM disk. I think I may be able to use hdparm to reformat these Ultrastar DCs from 4kn to 512e… hdparm --set-sector-size 512 --please-destroy-my-drive /dev/sdX https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Format#Advanced_Format_hard_disk_drives It is okay to destroy the drive contents as there's nothing working on there yet given this initial failure. I think that is the only way this is going to work without mounting filesystems both sides and using an fs-aware tool like tar|ssh or rsync… which I don't want to do. Thoughts? Weird. I can imagine some wild theories. :) I think it has something to do with a fact that "disk_image" is a LVM volume and you dd copy "/dev/mapper/VG--name-LV--name" not "/dev/sdc2" . Could it be that "dd" sees source and destination as block devices and copies data by sector? I.e. takes 512b sector and place it to the beginning of 4096b sector and padding the rest 3584b of the sector with zeroes. This calls for some tests. I'd create 1G image test file with dos partition table and a few primary partitions: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=./1G-disk-image.bin bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1,0 GB, 1000 MiB) copied, 8,07768 s, 130 MB/s ... $ /sbin/fdisk -l ./1G-disk-image.bin Disk ./1G-disk-image.bin: 1000 MiB, 1048576000 bytes, 2048000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x143acb59 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type ./1G-disk-image.bin1 2048 411647 409600 200M 83 Linux ./1G-disk-image.bin2 411648 1435647 1024000 500M 83 Linux ./1G-disk-image.bin3 1435648 2047999 612352 299M 83 Linux And dd copied it the same way to disk with 4k sectors. Just to see if it will be inconsistent too, without LVM mapper involved. I'd also try to clone disk to image file first, with say "partclone" utility, "scp" the image file and restore it at remote destination with the same utility after recreating dumped partition table layout using "sfdisk". I did this procedure multiple times successfully, but without 4k sector disks and LVM involvement. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Firefox Warning
On Tue, Dec 26, 2023 at 04:38:04PM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: > On Tue, Dec 26, 2023 at 12:38:44PM -0600, Alexander J Martinez wrote: > > out of curiosity...did you upgrade using > > > > sudo apt upgrade firefox-esr > > or apt-get or synaptic. > > That apt command isn't valid. "apt upgrade" does not take package > names as additional arguments. It upgrades ALL the packages (except > the ones it can't). > > If you want to upgrade a single packge, use "apt[-get] install pkgname" > and note that this may mark the package as manually installed, if it's > not already. > You're correct...my bad...then it is sudo apt-get firefox-esr thanks, -- Alexander J. Martinez
Re: Firefox Warning
On Sat, Dec 23, 2023 at 06:19:33PM -0600, Mike McClain wrote: > On my RPI4b bookworm system as I was browsing, Firefox stopped me > demanding to update and I couldn't continue to use FF until I accepted > its demand and let it update. It did so then restarted FF at which > point it became almost totally unusable the menu bars had come to > black background with very dark grey text. I have tried > 'apt-get update; apt-get upgrade' hoping restore FF to usability also > 'apt-get reinstall firefox' with no luck. > FF was very difficult to read and it took hours and going back to my > buster install on another PI before I figured out how to get it back > to a usable state. > > When I loaded LibreOffice calc to record stock quotes I found that > calc had, too, inherited the same problem with the top menu bars, as > well as the side bars and bottom status bars are black with nearly > illegible text. > I've not yet gotten calc straightened out. > > If anyone can point me to what in the system Firefox update could have > changed to affect other programs I'd appreciate the help. > > Frankly I'm aghast at the arrogance of the FF group to force an update > on their users and quite peeved that they would do so and screw up my > system as well. > > Merry Christmas everyone, > Mike > -- > Silence & smile are two powerful tools. > Smile is the way to solve many problems > & Silence is the way to avoid many problems. > out of curiosity...did you upgrade using sudo apt upgrade firefox-esr or apt-get or synaptic. I have never had FF force me to upgrade. Hope you find a fix to your problem. -- Alexander J. Martinez
OT: Pitfalls of online purchases (Was Re: Mouse single click handling?)
On 19.12.2023 23:48, Felix Miata wrote: Can you suggest any particular online source in North America that sells those switches? I had no success trying to refurb one in my invaluable Logitech Trackman Marble FX PS/2 trackball. It took 2 hours to get that tiny switch back together after disassembly and cleaning. :( A Kensington Orbit I had much better luck with cleaning, so didn't need a new switch. I can't unfortunately. AliExpress is reputable? That's news to me. I ordered something from it 20 months ago. There was a lot of back and forth email between us before I actually got something a month later that turned out to be used rather than new, and just as broken as the original part I was trying to replace. My credit card company eventually issued a refund after I explained all that happened. That particular card I rarely used, and hadn't for a number of months before that online purchase or for several months after. 3 months or so after the refund, there were 4 cash advances issued on it totaling around $8,000 on the other side of an ocean I had never crossed. Those got reversed, but my credit rating dropped 100 points and hasn't come near recovering. I share information only about my own experiences with AliExpress. It might be very hard to find a good and reliable store there, but at least their official support and "dispute-system" are working fine. The important part is that you have to keep all transactions, communications, chats within AliExpress platform. Never agree to switch to email or any other resource for conversations with sellers. It's just asking to be scammed and AliExpress official customer service will be unable to help you. I had to open disputes a few times and usually AliExpress officials step-in and resolve the dispute in customer's favor, unless the dispute is unreasonable and there is no evidence. The whole shopping experience there could be daunting, there is simply too much stores and wares to choose from and their site is not helping, by being difficult and slow. IMO it is too much of a risk to buy anything expensive there, given that postal service might smash the package during delivery, but ordering something like electronic components, hand tools, repair equipment, spare parts, etc, should be fine. I had to order spare LCD screens and fragile repair equipment from reputable shops a few times. All delivered without damages. Sometimes shops send items with a wrong part number, I had to start disputes explaining the problems and return items back. All returns were refunded back to my debit card. I've never encountered any problems with payments or refunds, and their Escrow-account protection ensures that money will be released to the seller only after customer has received what they ordered. I've heard there is a frequent "carder" and "skimmer" problem in the United States [1], so those issued card advances you had might be nothing to do with AliExpress, if you paid using their platform. Anyway, I've used many cards throughout the years to pay for goods on AliExpress and never encountered any suspicious activities. I also extra careful when I have to reveal my card information online and when I use ATMs. [1] https://krebsonsecurity.com/?s=carder+skimmer -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Mouse single click handling?
On 19.12.2023 21:41, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: On Tue, Dec 19, 2023 at 09:37:20PM +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: On 19.12.2023 20:04, local10 wrote: Hi, I have several mice that went bad with the same defect: they sometimes generate two single clicks very quickly (say, within 10-20ms) instead of a single click. This is a very common problem with micro-switches inside computer mice, mechanical keyboards, etc. They wear out with use and has to be replaced, given that they are very inexpensive, standardized and relatively easy to replace. I've had some success inserting a thin shim between plunger and switch, on the theory that the whole thing (plunger, switch, mount on the PCB) get shortened/worn out on use. Usually it is gunk and taint getting accumulated on metal contacts inside. If you really have to repair a micro-switch without soldering, you can disassemble them, clean thoroughly contacts inside and metal plate with Isopropyl alcohol, let it dry out and reassemble. Required tools: 1. Needle to pry open a plastic cap and tweezers (those could be bought at hardware store) 2. Steady hands (can't be bought) 3. Good eyesight (you guessed it, also can't be bought). -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Mouse single click handling?
On 19.12.2023 20:04, local10 wrote: Hi, I have several mice that went bad with the same defect: they sometimes generate two single clicks very quickly (say, within 10-20ms) instead of a single click. This is a very common problem with micro-switches inside computer mice, mechanical keyboards, etc. They wear out with use and has to be replaced, given that they are very inexpensive, standardized and relatively easy to replace. Here is a link to PDF datasheet [1] for Omron D2F series switches specifications. You need a switch with pin plunger and compatible terminals, those depend on mice model. You can buy them at local electronics store, order them from China (AliExpress), or from any other reputable source. [1] https://omronfs.omron.com/en_US/ecb/products/pdf/en-d2f.pdf -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Problem with Xfce4 Applications Menu
On 13.12.2023 00:40, Stephen P. Molnar wrote: I have just bumbled my way thorough reinstalling v 12.4.0 on my main Linux platform and have managed to mangle the Xfce4Applications Menu by somehow misusing MenuLibre. Some how the contents of some of the subdirectories have been shifted to an 'Other' subdirectory. My question is how do i reconstruct the Applications Directory? I don't know anything about MenuLibre, but maybe Xfce Application Menu was switched to another menu file? Have you tried to switch it back to default menu? RMB on Application Menu icon --> Properties --> Use the default menu -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Boot Problem
On 05.12.2023 23:33, Stephen P. Molnar wrote: I decided to try something. I logged in to the rescue mode as root and entered startx at the prompt. This generated the error: Unable to contact settings server failed to execute child process "dbus-launch" (No such file or directory) I vaguely remember having similar behavior as you described in the first message, but I can't recall what was the root cause of that problem. Probably it was Xfce4 user session failing to start because of config file or cache corruption. Try to create a new test user and login using these new credentials, just to test it out. It would be great if you'd also share an information about your system, installed version of Xfce, etc. Contents of log files in your user's home directory "~/.xsession-errors" and "~/.xfce4-session.verbose-log". You can use Debian Pastezone [1] to share long text files. [1] https://paste.debian.net/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Running 32 bit apps on 64 bit debian
On 19.11.2023 12:58, Van Snyder wrote: I'm trying run 32 bit LinuxSusser on 64 bit Debian 12 bookworm. When I try to run it, I get ./LinuxSusser: Command not found. "ls -l ./LinuxSusser" respnds -rwxr-xr-x 1 vsnyder vsnyder 12698092 Feb 8 2013 LinuxSusser* "dpkg --print-architecture" responds amd64 "dpkg --print-foreign-architectures" responds i386 "file ./LinuxSusser" responds ./LinuxSusser: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.0, stripped but "ldd ./LinuxSusser" responds "not a dynamic executable" I used to run it in Debian 10. What am I doing wrong? It starts on my "bookworm" machine. Your executable probably got corrupted somehow. Try to download it again from author's website [1]. There you will find a link to DropBox file sharing service. Install dependencies (64bit and 32bit) for this program: $ sudo apt install libglib2.0-0 libpango-1.0-0 libatk1.0-0 openssl zlib1g libexpat1 $ sudo apt install libglib2.0-0:i386 libpango-1.0-0:i386 libatk1.0-0:i386 zlib1g:i386 libexpat1:i386 A normal output from "ldd" and "file" for reference [2]. [1] https://www.madoverlord.com/wiki/doku.php/madoverlord:projects-sudoku [2] https://paste.debian.net/plain/1298552 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Hardware Advice Wanted: Router
On 16.11.2023 03:46, Charles Curley wrote: On Thu, 16 Nov 2023 01:58:05 +0500 "Alexander V. Makartsev" wrote: 16 years is a good amount of value. :) Is it Pentium 4 on ITX motherboard? Nope. FIT-PC, first iteration. Processor is an AMD Geode SBC. https://linux-hardware.org/?probe=c256a73072 https://www.compulab.com/products/computer-on-modules/cm-iglx/#specs x86 CPU 500Mhz, DDR1, IDE ATA-100, 100Mbit NIC and only 3-5W. Cool stuff. I've never seen them in the wild. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Hardware Advice Wanted: Router
On 15.11.2023 18:47, Charles Curley wrote: On Wed, 15 Nov 2023 12:31:52 +0500 "Alexander V. Makartsev" wrote: On 15.11.2023 07:56, Stefan Monnier wrote: [...] [...] I wrote that email as a word of caution, because Roberto had mentioned he is looking for the device with the same conditions as OP, which is "no fans". And this model will be very noisy at all times. How do you figure that it will be noisy at all times? I saw noting in the specifications or reviews that indicated that. Are you talking about Neosmay based on i7-1260P CPU? Like I said previously there are no reviews that would show temperatures under load and no disassembly videos that will show the thermal solution. IMO the reason for that is simple, to keep it quiet about inconvenient technicalities and to sell sub-optimal product. Specifications for this CPU shows a requirement of a good thermal solution, which should be adequately large\noisy for this form factor. [...] And this is why there is no reason to have high power CPU inside. I expect the CPU temperature to be at 98 degrees Celsius at all times and constant throttling under minimal load. Yikes! None of my machines gets anywhere near that. The fan cooled CPUs on my desktop are in the 26-32° range right now (early morning, no load). The machine I am typing this on, a laptop, is reporting core temps of 44° and 50° right now. All consider high to be ~~86°, with critical near 98°. (Data courtesy of the sensors program.) None of my personal machines either. It all depends on specifications for each individual piece of hardware. My desktop has Skylake CPU rated at 65W Base TDP and cooled by tower-style heatsink with 4 heatpipes rated at 130W TDP. Idle, small load temps are 28-32°C, busy workloads: 4 cores compiling, 7-zip compression, video rendering, maxes out at 70°C in Summer. There is also a netbook, I use it on rare occasion, it has 6.5W Atom CPU and Nvidia ION discrete VGA. It has heatsinks for both Intel SoC and Nvidia chipset with heatpipes and a cooling fan, and it is incapable of overheating even under high load, because of low power CPU. This netbook is painfully slow, it has quite noisy small fan, but temperatures are maxed out at 50°C. The thing is desktops and laptops could have much better thermal solution simply because there is space inside for it. Now let's look at thermal solutions of Intel NUCs [1] [2] for an example. They look similar to what you could see inside a laptop, except in both cases there is only a small heatsink and two heatpipes. VRM zone is cooled by air which is not great. First photo depicts thermal solution for i5-10210U processor [3] which is rated at 15W TDP, or 10-25W base frequency. Second photo depicts thermal solution for i7-1165G7 processor [4] which is rated at 12-28W base frequency. Both thermal solutions show sub-par performance under load, because there are multiple complains about overheating NUCs on the Internet. Most of the solutions for the complaints either a cleanup from dust or set a power limit via BIOS, or both. There is a fan-less case [5] for NUCs is available, which looks reasonable, basically a brick of aluminum, but even then they are rated 25W TDP maximum and it is required from user to set BIOS settings to power limit CPU to 25W. And that's about widely distributed and supported NUCs from Intel. Now lets take a look at Newsmay Neosmay products. Odd naming. We can't find any photos of disassembled products on Newsmay official website [6]. There is one good review of S2-B560TPM mini PC [7] with photos of it disassembled. And there it is, same two heatpipes and a heatsink with a fan. As shown in the review, even with slightly larger case size, they couldn't manage to design adequate cooling solution for i5-11400T desktop CPU [8] which is rated 35W TDP, although there are additional heatsinks covering VRM zone, which is a plus. It looks like a good thermal solution for a 10-15W TDP CPU and that is it. So once again, what is the point to have high power CPU inside (and pay more for it also), if because of inadequate thermal solutions you have to power limit it to base frequency, or suffer from constant throttling under load, noise and other consequences of overheating, such as reduced lifetime of the device? What good will it be if with high probability the device will burn out in 3 months? Indeed. I've gotten 16 years out of my FIT-PCs so far and would like to get a respectable portion of that out of their replacement. 16 years is a good amount of value. :) Is it Pentium 4 on ITX motherboard? Nowadays they don't make them like before, and it is so hard to buy something decent. Everything is power hungry, working at insane frequency speeds; tiny ICs are more fragile and susceptible to overheating; BGA SoCs with hundreds of leads on thin PCBs prone to deformation; lead-free solder and all that other planned obsolescence danc
Re: Hardware Advice Wanted: Router
On 15.11.2023 07:56, Stefan Monnier wrote: This looks too good to be true and raises many red flags. According to Intel specs [1] for this processor it's 28W of heat to dissipate and that is Base Power only, Turbo Boost is whooping 64W(!). IMO it is impossible to do with fan-less design at this small size, so there will be at least small fan running at full speed at all time and there has to be quite beefy heatsink also. The marketing material does say fairly clearly that there's a fan inside (it even boasts of it being "efficient" and "low noise", mentioning "45db"). I wrote that email as a word of caution, because Roberto had mentioned he is looking for the device with the same conditions as OP, which is "no fans". And this model will be very noisy at all times. Also my understanding is that this CPU is like the one in many NUCs which means that its 4.7GHz turbo mode can be used only for *very* short bursts, so it may be unnecessary to size the heatsink&fan for the full 64W as long as it can withstand it for a long enough "short burst". And this is why there is no reason to have high power CPU inside. I expect the CPU temperature to be at 98 degrees Celsius at all times and constant throttling under minimal load. There is also VRM zone often neglected, most likely it will be air cooled (without heatsink) with temperatures close to 100C at all times and there is a limit of how much heat a PCB could dissipate until carbonation. Even NVMe SSD and RAM generate substantial amounts of heat and I doubt this device has the same design as NUC that has extra heatsink under the top cover. What good will it be if with high probability the device will burn out in 3 months? Note they also offer a fanless system with somewhat similar specs for $100 more. That sounds a lot more atttractive to my ears. Intel NUC with the same CPU [1] and fan cooling, draws 40-90W from PSU and struggle with throttling, overheating and noise. And NUCs are usually expected to have much better thermal solution design than its clones. If I needed a fan-less PC of this form factor I'd look for 10-15W low power CPUs and refused to buy anything if there is no video review of it, with complete disassembly and temperatures under load, or at least a complete service manual with accurate pictures of components. [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZbYSUwvea0 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Hardware Advice Wanted: Router
On 14.11.2023 04:08, Roberto C. Sánchez wrote: On Mon, Nov 13, 2023 at 03:57:28PM -0700, Charles Curley wrote: My FIT-PCs that provide network services are getting old, and i386 Linux is slowly fading away. So I would like to replace them with a router/gateway computer. It should run Debian. It should either have two gigabit (or better) Ethernet interfaces or have suitable expansion capability. It should be quiet: no fans, and low power requirements. A small physical footprint would be nice. Most of the time it will run headless, but occasionally I will need to stick a monitor and keyboard on it. VGA will do fine. It will be a router. It will have at least DNS, DHCP, apt-cacher-ng and firewalld on it. Modest disk and RAM will be fine. WiFi is handled elsewhere for now, but I won't turn it down. SSD for storage would be nice, although the FIT-PCs do fine with IDE spinning rust. I am in the process of solving almost the exact same problem. At the moment, this is my leading candidate: https://www.newegg.com/neosmay-kc12-alder-lake/p/2SW-006Y-00074 This looks too good to be true and raises many red flags. According to Intel specs [1] for this processor it's 28W of heat to dissipate and that is Base Power only, Turbo Boost is whooping 64W(!). IMO it is impossible to do with fan-less design at this small size, so there will be at least small fan running at full speed at all time and there has to be quite beefy heatsink also. There are no photos of this device disassembled and fake 3D rendered pictures doesn't count. A quick search of "NEOSMAY MINI PC Disassembly" on YT gave no results, only fake reviews and useless unboxing videos. I've seen 17" laptops with much larger heatsink solutions (multiple heatpipes and fans), struggle with effective heat dissipation. [1] https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/226254/intel-core-i71260p-processor-18m-cache-up-to-4-70-ghz/specifications.html -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Amazing how far things have come. a 32x100G switch running Debian.
On 12.11.2023 23:34, Andy Smith wrote: On Sun, Nov 12, 2023 at 05:48:27PM +, Andy Smith wrote: Well done Mellanox, and Debian. I hope to see more of it! …although I did forget that Nvidia acquired Mellanox in 2019 and since then has scrapped the Mellanox brand name, so the good times are probably over. 🙁 Yeah, tech industry always kills companies who wanted to make something great. Gotta keep spoon-feeding the technology and god forbid the big tech makes something too good, or too advanced, or too robust. Nice article. I felt quite skeptical about "two core Celeron CPU" until I got to ASIC part. :) I've never had a chance to build something more advanced than a basic network router with 2 ethernet interfaces. VM-based toys don't count. :) Still it was interesting to learn about switchdev. Now I wonder could it be used for non-Mellanox hardware.. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to compare one folder to one directory
On 03.11.2023 08:17, Greg Wooledge wrote: Calling these things "folders" discards all of this history and knowledge. But the real problem with calling them "folders" is that it doesn't match the Unix user interface. Personally, I don't see the problem, because I was talking to people not Unix user interfaces. I can agree that word "directory" is more correct scientifically and word "folder" sound simplified, but so does word "hammer" sound more simple than scientifically correct "hand tool for nail punching". In the end both names mean the same thing and people will always interpret them correctly, which is the most important part. And if I had to talk to Unix user interface I'd speak in system calls and expected neither "directories" nor "folders" as answers, but data structures and return codes instead. How is this still going? -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to compare contents of two folders against third one?
On 02.11.2023 12:59, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: Rsync wasn't helpful in my case. It refused to recognize file names properly, complaining about charset encoding, not even with --iconv parameters. Probably because of locale differences between my system and mounted filesystems and who knows what else. Difficult to say without knowing more details. Are those "directories" actually on different file systems? For vfat, specifically, there is a codepage argument for mount. Cheers I've tried to mount filesystems (all NTFS) with different locale parameters, still ended up with either garbled filenames or charset conversion and 'path too long' complains from rsync. Since I've copied files manually with Thunar, it didn't complained about anything and all copied files were consistent, even those rsync complained about. It could be also a limitation or bug of overlayfs since it doesn't have locale/iocharset/codepage parameters for mount. Anyway, I don't have access to source and two destination disks anymore to investigate this further. Data recovery was successful and case closed. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to compare contents of two folders against third one?
On 01.11.2023 22:55, to...@tuxteam.de wrote: I concur with Nicolas: every time you say "folder", a unicorn dies. If I say tater instead of potato would it also make you sad? Sorry to break it to you, but unicorns were extinct a long time ago, along with BBS', modems, MSDOS, ISA-VLB slots, jumpers and through-hole ICs. Only BGAs, UEFI, liquid metal, Bluetooth and other planned obsolescence garbage remains. You mean: the union of dest-dir-1 and dest-dir-2 should equal your source-dir? Try rsync -a source-dir/ dest-dir-2/ --compare-dest=dest-dir-1/ This one will even dutifully copy those files from source-dir which can't be found either in dest-dir-1 or in dest-dir-2. If you only want to /see/ what would be copied (always a good idea when trying untested advice from random folks on the internets :) there's the option --dry-run. Perhaps add the option -v. Rsync is magic. Cheers Rsync wasn't helpful in my case. It refused to recognize file names properly, complaining about charset encoding, not even with --iconv parameters. Probably because of locale differences between my system and mounted filesystems and who knows what else. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to compare contents of two folders against third one?
On 01.11.2023 20:07, Nicolas George wrote: Hi. Alexander V. Makartsev (12023-11-01): I have a "/source-folder/" which contains very large tree of folders and files. The word is “directory”, not “folder”. Oh, I'm so sorry, I didn't meant to invoke wrath of the ancients. I thought about it and eventually decided to name sample directories - folders. Mostly because I didn't wanted to answer possible questions like "wtf is a directory?". And I must to warn you, if you open Xfce file manager (Thunar), that blasphemous word "folder" will be everywhere! Now, is there an effective way to compare combined contents of two folders "/destination-folder-one/" and "/destination-folder-two/" against a "/source-folder/" to show if there is anything that was left out? When you say “combined content”, you mean merged, right? There are a lot of different ways to combine. Yes, that is exactly what I meant. You could mount -t overlay your two destination directories together and try rsync or diff. I've never heard about "mount -t overlay" before and it did the trick. Thanks for suggestion. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
How to compare contents of two folders against third one?
Hello everyone. I have a "/source-folder/" which contains very large tree of folders and files. I've manually copied a set of folders and files from it to a "/destination-folder-one/" and copied another set of folders and files to a "/destination-folder-two/". Now, is there an effective way to compare combined contents of two folders "/destination-folder-one/" and "/destination-folder-two/" against a "/source-folder/" to show if there is anything that was left out? For now I've tried "diff" and "rsync" to accomplish this. But diff apparently can't compare combined contents of two folders with another folder. $ diff -r /destination-folder-one/ /destination-folder-two/ /source-folder/ diff: extra operand '/source-folder/' diff: Try 'diff --help' for more information. And rsync scans folders and files that are already exist inside both destination folders and "/source-folder/" and outputs nothing. $ rsync -r --size-only --dry-run /destination-folder-one/ /destination-folder-two/ /source-folder/ $ I could go on a wild chase to "ls" contents of both destination folders, concatenate the results, sort them somehow, do the same to a source folder and compare the resulting list files. Also create test cases to check if results are reliable. But before I do that, is there a better way to accomplish the task? Maybe some parameter for diff or rsync that I missed or another utility? -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: EASY way to install packages from trixie/sid to stable?
On 26.10.2023 18:39, Hans wrote: Hi folks, is there a very easy way, if I want to install packages from trixie oder sid into my bookworm installation? I read about apt pinning, but as far as I understood, I have to name explicitily each package I want to install from sid. This can be much work, when installing a high number of packages. I suppose, I then have also to install all dependencies of the packaes from sid, even if they are related to the system. In my case I wanted to install virtualbox from sid, as it has all packages ready. However, virtualbox requires and depends also the newer gcc compiler and some compiler libs, thus I took distance from installing for now. At the moment I am not using pinning. My actual way of doing is 1. adding the sid repo into /etc/apt/sources.list 2. then aptitude -u 3. then searching for the required package and mark it as install (or upgradeble 4. Then install, if wanted. Yes, I know, pinning would be the better way, but it is very, very seldom, I need to install something from a higher repo. And yes, I know, mixing repos is no good idea, so I am using this only for applications, which are using theire own libraries (or libs, they are only for this special application). Do you know another way, except pinning or my (weired) way? I've always did it "the right way", by making simple backports [1] of required package and its selected dependencies if newer versions are required. For some exotic packages this approach is not feasible, because you might end up with dozens of packages to backport as dependencies and dependencies of their dependencies. "php", "nodejs" and "golang" to name a few tend to snowball a lot. In your situation, it could be better to use officially distributed package [2] from Oracle for now. Foreign packages like these could be installed into separate location like into "/opt/". This way they won't interfere with the rest of your system. I don't use virtualbox (KVM does everything and more for me) so I can't vouch for the quality of packages from Oracle. [1] https://wiki.debian.org/SimpleBackportCreation [2] https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Subject: "Next" button is missing for manual partitioning.
Alexander Straub Pater-Faller-Str. 6 79837 Germany Subject: "Next" button missing on manual partitioningI installed Debian 12 on my computer. I selected the "Manual Partitioning" option and selected a partition. However, the "Next" button is not available (only back) .I have checked the following steps: I have selected the "Manual Partitioning" option. I have selected a partition. The partition is not formatted in any other file system.I have checked these steps and the "Next" button is still not available.I ask for help. Would like to reinstall the SDA3 without deleting the existing files. Thank you. Regards Alexander -- Diese E-Mail wurde von Avast-Antivirussoftware auf Viren geprüft. www.avast.com
Re: Hidden UUID?
On 18.10.2023 12:01, Hans wrote: Hi folks, maybe you can help. I am running into a strange problem. It is the following: My swap partition is a logical partition on an extended partition. This swap was formerly luks encrypted and got an UUID beginning with UUID=30e885. Then I deciced, to format the swap partitition and use it as a normal swap partition. So I erased all keys (using cryptsetup erase /dev/sda5) and then reformatted it with swapon. Additionally I removed the entry from /etc/crypttab and edited /etc/fstab. So far, everything worked fine, except next boot. When booting, cryptsetup wants to open my other encrypted partitions and then it is hanging, saying "searching for encrypted device UUID=30e885". I looked everywhere, but I found no entry, where the system gets this UUID. Did you also changed initramfs resume config file, which designates a swap partition to use for Hibernation? $ /sbin/blkid | grep swap /dev/sdb6: LABEL="swap" UUID="e990fa6d-3f82-4d65-b6a1-542e240718fc" TYPE="swap" PARTLABEL="Debian-swap" PARTUUID="addbc03b-f50e-4175-95b4-91b7b1c8fdca" $ cat /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume RESUME=UUID=e990fa6d-3f82-4d65-b6a1-542e240718fc Don't forget to update initrd file if you change resume file: $ sudo update-initramfs -u update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.1.0-13-amd64 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: No wifi on debian 12 fresh install (HP laptop 440 14" G10)
On 04.10.2023 17:08, Itay wrote: Hi I recently purchased an HP ProBook 440 14" G10 laptop. This configuration is certified by Ubuntu[1]. The specs, as advertised by HP, can be found here[2]. The installation (debian 12 'bookworm') went as expected (using DVD and wired connection). However, after reboot, I discovered that wifi was not working. Bluetooth, on the other hand, is working. After three days of search on the internet[3]-[9] I am really at a loss. I have been a long-time debian *user* -- but am not an expert. I am aware of the possibility to download drivers and compile them from source[10]-[12], but hesitate to do that without an expert guide. System and device information, as gathered by wireless-info script[13], will follow the references. Please advise Thanks in advance. Itay ... # kernel Linux 6.1.0-10-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.38-1 (2023-07-14) x86_64 unknown unknown GNU/Linux ... # lspci # 03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device [10ec:c852] (rev 01) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:88e5] ... https://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=155976 You need [1] to compile a kernel module for your wifi adapter. There is no other way. Just follow build instructions [2] closely and you should be fine. [1] https://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=155976 [2] https://github.com/lwfinger/rtw89#dkms-packaging-for-debian-and-its-derivatives -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: memtest86
On 14.09.2023 01:54, Tom Browder wrote: On Wed, Sep 13, 2023 at 3:48 PM Tom Browder wrote: On Wed, Sep 13, 2023 at 3:32 PM Tom Browder wrote: On 13.09.2023 19:10, Tom Browder wrote: Here I am again seeking help. I have used memtest86 long ago when I I see that it's a Debian package, and I installed it. Now I see memtest86 on my boot choice screen, but selecting memtest86 does nothing. That's weird. I just tried again with only memtest86+. After reboot, I get several memtest86+ options but when I select one I gect a pretty Debian screen with nothing apparent happening. Retried, nothing. Is it possible that you forgot to disable UEFI Secure Boot feature in BIOS? There is a FAQ section on an official website [1], that could help you troubleshoot boot problems. [1] https://www.memtest.org/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: memtest86
On 14.09.2023 00:42, gene heskett wrote: On 9/13/23 12:40, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: On 13.09.2023 19:10, Tom Browder wrote: Here I am again seeking help. I have used memtest86 long ago when I burned it on a CDROM disk. I see that it's a Debian package, and I installed it. Now I see memtest86 on my boot choice screen, but selecting memtest86 does nothing. That's weird. It works for me, although I use back-ported version 6.20 of "memtest86+" from Testing with a cosmetic patch. I like my grub menu tidy. :) I've now noticed you've wrote "memtest86", did you meant it to be "memtest86+"? memtest86 has its roots in 8086 16 bit code, and its been quite a party for the coders to first bring it up to 32 bit, and finally to 64 bit. That last version I downloaded and burned was memtest86 V9.4 which works on my 6 core i5 as well as it did on 8086's but of course a bit faster. A google search should get you a link to burn to a new cd/dvd, and it Just Works. I know "memtest86" was before "memtest86+", but memtest86+ is a successor [1] and up-to-date version should work for an old and modern hardware. This is probably the reason why "memtest86" wasn't included to Stable repos: $ rmadison memtest86 memtest86 | 4.3.7-3 | oldoldstable | source, amd64, i386 memtest86 | 4.3.7-3 | oldstable | source memtest86 | 4.3.7-3+b1 | oldstable | amd64, i386 $ rmadison memtest86+ memtest86+ | 5.01-3 | oldoldstable | source, amd64, i386 memtest86+ | 5.01-3.1 | oldstable | source, amd64, i386 memtest86+ | 6.10-2~bpo11+1 | bullseye-backports | source, amd64, i386 memtest86+ | 6.10-4 | stable | source, amd64, i386 memtest86+ | 6.20-3 | testing | source, amd64, i386 memtest86+ | 6.20-3 | unstable | source, amd64, i386 The other reason is that "memtest86" was sold to PassMark [2] and became closed source since version 4.3. Anyway, I'd consider "memtest86+" the only reliable OSS option, which I've used successfully for many years with Legacy BIOS/UEFI and PXE. [1] https://www.memtest.org/ [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memtest86 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: memtest86
On 13.09.2023 19:10, Tom Browder wrote: Here I am again seeking help. I have used memtest86 long ago when I burned it on a CDROM disk. I see that it's a Debian package, and I installed it. Now I see memtest86 on my boot choice screen, but selecting memtest86 does nothing. That's weird. It works for me, although I use back-ported version 6.20 of "memtest86+" from Testing with a cosmetic patch. I like my grub menu tidy. :) I've now noticed you've wrote "memtest86", did you meant it to be "memtest86+"? I assume I probably have to add something to the grub2 menu to use it. Nothing has to be added, it should work from the grub menu. On what hardware did you run it? There could be still some bugs left, and throughout the years, I've seen some of them, usually BIOS and/or Integrated VGA related. I have searched for how to do that, but all I've been able to find are instructions on how to use it from a bootable USB thumb drive. My grub/boot foo has disappeared. Any help on using the installed memtest86 is greatly appreciated. As a fallback, I will go the USB route if I have to, :-( USB route is usually the way to go, especially when "memtest86+" is a part of some recovery tools project like "System Rescue". [1] [1] https://www.system-rescue.org/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Nvidia 390 driver no longer available for Bookworm; nouveau constantly freezes. Solutions?
On 17.08.2023 20:48, Luiz Romário Santana Rios wrote: Hello, all, (Please cc me when replying, I'm not subscribed to the mailing list) I have (according do lspci) a NVIDIA Corporation GK208B [GeForce GT 710] (rev a1) graphics card. The correct proprietary driver for this card seems to be the Nvidia 390 series. When Bookworm came out, I was running Bullseye with this driver and never really had any graphical issues that I can remember. Upon upgrading to Bullseye, I eventually found out this driver was no longer available and I was stuck with nouveau. I was recommended the tesla 470 driver during the upgrade, but I never got it to work. According to Nvidia's official website GT 710 is supported up to 470 version. [1] I've never tried to install "tesla" flavor of nvidia-driver, so I can't suggest anything about it. When I needed a specific version I always build a simple backport [2] from "testing" repo, so I'd try to do the same for a 470.199.02 version, which is now available from "oldstable-proposed-updates" repo. You can also try the official package from Nvidia website, at least to test if 470 version works and solves your issue with freezing. The nouveau driver would be fine, since I don't do anything graphics-intensive like gaming and I get the bonus of being able to run Wayland, which is cool. Except that I started noticing constant freezes for no apparent reason. They usually take a few hours to happen, sometimes I can spend a day or maybe two without freezes, but they _keep happening_. I'm gonna spare you of the details of the effort I spent trying to investigate this problem, but what I found out is: * It happens in any of the kernels I have installed: 6.1, 6.0, 5.11, 4.9 * It happens in Plasma, and it doesn't matter if I'm running X11 or Wayland * It _seems_ not to happen under GNOME Wayland, but I think it happens under GNOME X11 * It appears to be related with screen sharing, because: o When I was using Plasma, I had the impression that the graphics froze way more often when I was sharing my screen o Screen sharing doesn't work on GNOME Wayland (maybe related to why it didn't freeze yet) o The one time where I tried to use GNOME X11, it froze immediately after I tried to share my screen * The kernel logs seem to indicate some missing firmware right before the graphics card freezes (and indeed some firmware is missing) I had issues very similar to your description. Even made a bug report [3] about it. I don't have any instability or "freezing" issues with recent kernel and driver versions, but I've also disabled hardware acceleration for my browser as a workaround and haven't actually checked if the issue is gone. Somehow it was all tied to video hardware acceleration and DE Compositor, which I kept disabled. I was able to repro the issue quite reliably, back then. I've thought this workaround was better than downgrading driver version to 416 and stick to it forever. Now I've upgraded system to Bookworm, and use 525.105.17 version, delaying update to an up-to-date version from stable, and haven't seen "Xid" errors or "freezes" for many months, Compositor is enabled, games and movies play without any issues. Screen sharing is essential for me to work, so this is really not a great situation to be in. For comparison, my laptop, which was also updated to Bookworm in the same day I updated this PC, had none of the problems I'm describing here, since it has an integrated intel graphics card. I appreciate that Nvidia cards can be very problematic and that the one card I own is really old, but I didn't have this problem until updating and I know this card can work just fine with the right driver. Unfortunately, right now, nouveau is not adequate for me to work, but the driver that does work is not officially available. What should I do? * Should I try updating to a newer kernel to see if nouveau got fixed? I haven't checked, but I think nouveau didn't had a commit in years. It is an abandon-ware for me. * Should I try installing the missing firmware? I'd try that, at least to see if it solves the issue. Keep in mind, non-free firmware was separated to another repo in Bookworm. [4] [1] https://www.nvidia.com/Download/driverResults.aspx/205995/en-us/ [2] https://wiki.debian.org/SimpleBackportCreation [3] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1016542 [4] https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Bookworm boot stacks with black screen after NVIDIA driver installed.
On 16.08.2023 04:06, Juan R.D. Silva wrote: Hi folks. Fresh Bookworm install on Dell M4800 Precision with i7-4810MQ CPU @ 2.80GHz and NVIDIA Quadro K2100M graphic card. No problems install, the system works with the default nouveau driver well enough. My video card is supported according to NVIDIA. Information on official Nvidia website suggests otherwise. Last driver version that supports your VGA is 418 release. [1] Newer driver versions don't mention K2100M on "Supported Products" list. Debian nvidia-detect advised installation of nvidia-tesla-470-driver available in repo. After installing it the system boot stacks somewhere in the middle with a weird black screen. No access to TTYs, no cursor, no reaction to keyboard. I tried to boot with "nomodeset" in GRUB with no result. Installation of drivers newer than 418 version wouldn't work. The only thing they will do is blacklist "nouveau". Version 418 is available in Buster which is current "oldoldstable". [2] You can try to backport driver from "oldoldstable" to Bookworm. It might be an impossible task due to possible incompatibilities with kernel 6.x There is also an option to install official driver package from Nvidia. Or you can install and use Buster. [1] https://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/153717/en-us/ [2] https://wiki.debian.org/DebianOldOldStable -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Oddity when accessing Courier IMAP from Android
On 11.08.2023 19:09, Roberto C. Sánchez wrote: I am running a Courier IMAP server on Bookworm. When accessing from mutt, Thunderbird, and Android (GMail app), everything works fine. This is over SSL, with a server certificate I have issued from my own CA and with the CA root cert distributed to all client devices which access the IMAP server. However, on one particular Android device, I have started to observe that my account no longer refreshes and when I look in the server logs, I see a LOGIN, followed by "Unexpected SSL connection shutdown" followed immediately by a DISCONNECT. I have seen various postings online about this, but they are mostly from 10+ years ago and have to do with things like people forgetting to trust the certificate and things of that nature. I'm wondering if anyone has any sort of thought on what might result in a single device experiencing this problem when other devices are able to access the server and the account without issue. Regards, -Roberto It could go wrong for many reasons. Could be a broken SSL\TLS implementation on that Android device, which usually fixed by firmware updates. There also support for different ciphers and SSL\TLS versions. Many of them are outdated by today's standards and your Android device is essentially frozen in time. I have functional Android device which is no longer supported by Google services and refuses to connect to any websites via HTTPS, mostly because of outdated Root CA certificates, but it also refuses to connect to my Samba server for some reason. I suggest to look for a way to enable debug mode for Courier server and look for clues in logs. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: why bookworm isn't called deb12?
On 07.07.2023 01:23, hlyg wrote: it seems natural to me to use deb12 for debian 12 deb for debian as in file name extension of package it follows Windows naming style: win7, win8 ... but others don't think so, i google with deb12, few means debian in past 20 years few call it debN (N=1,2,3...) why few are interested in saving 4 characters (ian )? I'd save Ian if I could. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: cannot install odcb mariadb in bookworm
On 06.07.2023 03:09, John Covici wrote: On Wed, 05 Jul 2023 15:47:39 -0400, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: ... It's also a mystery why OP is trying to install "everything odbc", I doubt they need a driver for MSSQL along side with drivers for MariaDB and Postgres. So I'm on a path to figure out what could be wrong with the OP's system and what is their final goal. I am upgrading freepbx... You've probably used this tutorial [1] to install FreePBX? If so, I think you can try to remove "/etc/odbcinst.ini" file and retry reinstallation of packages, because this file should be populated by odbcinst script automatically and maybe something in it prevents script from working. If that still doesn't help you've probably better asking for help on FreePBX forums. [2] [1] https://wiki.freepbx.org/display/FDT/How+to+Install+FreePBX+16+on+Debian+11+with+Asterisk+16 [2] https://community.freepbx.org/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: cannot install odcb mariadb in bookworm
On 06.07.2023 00:18, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Thu, Jul 06, 2023 at 12:07:27AM +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: I'm asking because package names you trying to install have prefixes like "0-...", "1-...", etc. Are you following some tutorial, or you've manually downloaded ".deb" files from somewhere? I've seen that too, on my systems. It's something that apt-get is doing automatically, and it does not reflect the actual filenames of the .deb files as they sit in /var/cache/apt/archives/. Perhaps apt-get creates a symlink farm temp directory somewhere, with these filenames as symlinks pointing to the real .deb files, for some internal purpose. I don't know. It never felt important enough for me to try to figure it out. It sure makes more difficult to compare the outputs... I doubt it has any relevance to the OP's problem. I'd focus on this error instead: Setting up tdsodbc:amd64 (1.3.17+ds-2) ... odbcinst: SQLInstallDriverEx failed with Unable to find component name. dpkg: error processing package tdsodbc:amd64 (--configure): installed tdsodbc:amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1 Even though error message seems obvious, "tdsodbc" package and all other odbc related packages install on my system without errors and I still can't reproduce the OP's problem. ... Setting up tdsodbc:amd64 (1.3.17+ds-2) ... odbcinst: Driver installed. Usage count increased to 1. Target directory is /etc ... It's also a mystery why OP is trying to install "everything odbc", I doubt they need a driver for MSSQL along side with drivers for MariaDB and Postgres. So I'm on a path to figure out what could be wrong with the OP's system and what is their final goal. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: cannot install odcb mariadb in bookworm
On 05.07.2023 23:23, John Covici wrote: On Sat, 01 Jul 2023 06:16:33 -0400, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: [1 ] On 30.06.2023 03:11, John Covici wrote: Hi. I am trying to install odcb-mariadb in bookworm. It was fine in bullseye, but in bookworm I get the following error: Unpacking odbc-mariadb (3.1.15-3) over (3.1.15-3) ... Setting up odbc-mariadb (3.1.15-3) ... odbcinst: SQLInstallDriverEx failed with Unable to find component name. dpkg: error processing package odbc-mariadb (--configure): How to fix? Thanks in advance for any suggestions. No errors on my system. You might need to add "bookworm-proposed-updates" repo to "/etc/apt/sources.list" and reinstall "odbcinst" "unixodbc-common" "odbc-mariadb" packages like so: $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install --reinstall unixodbc-common odbcinst odbc-mariadb Backup "/etc/odbc.ini" and "/etc/odbcinst.ini" files before re-installation just in case. Diid not seem to work -- I got the following: Reading changelogs... Done Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 140553 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-unixodbc-common_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_all.deb ... Unpacking unixodbc-common (2.3.11-2+deb12u1) over (2.3.11-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../1-libodbcinst2_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libodbcinst2:amd64 (2.3.11-2+deb12u1) over (2.3.11-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../2-odbcinst1debian2_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking odbcinst1debian2:amd64 (2.3.11-2+deb12u1) over (2.3.11-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../3-odbcinst_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking odbcinst (2.3.11-2+deb12u1) over (2.3.11-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../4-libodbc2_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libodbc2:amd64 (2.3.11-2+deb12u1) over (2.3.11-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../5-libodbc1_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libodbc1:amd64 (2.3.11-2+deb12u1) over (2.3.11-2) ... Preparing to unpack .../6-libodbccr2_2.3.11-2+deb12u1_amd64.deb ... ... Any ideas? Are you using any 3rd-party apt repositories? I'm asking because package names you trying to install have prefixes like "0-...", "1-...", etc. Are you following some tutorial, or you've manually downloaded ".deb" files from somewhere? Please include the exact command you've trying to run and its entire output, not just snippets of it, in the next reply. Additionally, get the output from this command: $ grep -rE "^deb " /etc/apt/sources.list* You can use paste [1] service and put just the link in reply, if the output is too long. [1] https://paste.debian.net/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Raid Array and Changing Motherboard
On 02.07.2023 22:23, Mick Ab wrote: I have a software RAID 1 array of two hard drives. Each of the two disks contains the Debian operating system and user data. I am thinking of changing the motherboard because of problems that might be connected to the current motherboard. The new motherboard would be the same make and model as the current motherboard. Would I need to recreate the RAID 1 array for the new motherboard I.e. re-initialise the current RAID 1 disks and repopulate the disks with data or can I just set up the software RAID on the new motherboard without affecting the current data on the RAID 1 drives ? It's hard to tell what exactly will happen, because it depends on BIOS/Firmware of the motherboard, even though there is a special metadata record on each disk, which contains role of the disk and configuration of the RAID array. I predict two outcomes: 1. Two disks connected to a new motherboard will be recognized by BIOS/Firmware right away after you switch controller mode from AHCI to RAID, and appear as existing RAID1 array. 2. Two disks connected to a new motherboard will appear as two normal disks and won't be recognized as a RAID1 array, asking you to create\init array. In case #2 data on disks will be lost, so before you do any manipulations make and verify backups. Usually BIOS RAID software is very basic and won't allow to preserve current data on disks, or select a role (primary/secondary) for the disks, or create incomplete RAID1 array using only one disk to allow to copy data over from the second disk. If you happen to have any other two old disks on hand, I suggest you to experiment with those on current motherboard, i.e. create an additional new RAID1 array and see if that array stays intact after simulated disks "transfer". You can simulate disks transfer by powering of the computer, disconnecting the test disks and check if test RAID1 array still listed. If test array will be listed and report two test disks missing then array information is also recorded in BIOS and this array information won't be on a new motherboard. However, if there won't be any information about test array, then it should appear when you reconnect test disks and data on test disks should be intact. There could be also a manual available from motherboard's manufacturer which could give some clues about what is possible and what would happen. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: cannot install odcb mariadb in bookworm
On 01.07.2023 18:44, John Covici wrote: OK, thanks much --what do I add to my sources list for the proposed updates? Do I need all the lines ending with main free etc. or just one line? It is up to you. If you need to solve the "odbc mariadb" problem, I think selecting just "main" will be enough, eg.: deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates main deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates main Or you can add all other sections like so: deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware Consult Debian wiki for additional info: https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: cannot install odcb mariadb in bookworm
On 30.06.2023 03:11, John Covici wrote: Hi. I am trying to install odcb-mariadb in bookworm. It was fine in bullseye, but in bookworm I get the following error: Unpacking odbc-mariadb (3.1.15-3) over (3.1.15-3) ... Setting up odbc-mariadb (3.1.15-3) ... odbcinst: SQLInstallDriverEx failed with Unable to find component name. dpkg: error processing package odbc-mariadb (--configure): How to fix? Thanks in advance for any suggestions. No errors on my system. You might need to add "bookworm-proposed-updates" repo to "/etc/apt/sources.list" and reinstall "odbcinst" "unixodbc-common" "odbc-mariadb" packages like so: $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install --reinstall unixodbc-common odbcinst odbc-mariadb Backup "/etc/odbc.ini" and "/etc/odbcinst.ini" files before re-installation just in case. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
debchange still wants to build for bullseye-backports after upgrade to Bookworm
Hello. I've successfully upgraded to Bookworm recently and trying to build a backport package. But the usual "$ debchange --bpo" still wants to build for "bullseye-backports" and modifies "debian/changelog" by adding "~bpo11+1" and "bullseye-backports;" instead of expected "~bpo12+1" and "bookworm-backports;" Is there anything to check on my system or this is a bug in "dch" and/or "devscripts" package? $ dch --help | grep -iEA2 " --bpo" --bpo Increment the Debian release number for a backports upload to "bullseye-backports" $ uname -a Linux hostname 6.1.0-9-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.27-1 (2023-05-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux $ cat /etc/os-release | grep -iE "_ID|_CODE" VERSION_ID="12" VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm $ apt-show-versions devscripts devscripts:all not installed devscripts:amd64/bookworm 2.23.4 uptodate devscripts:i386 not installed -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: unzip files bigger than 4 GB
On 14.06.2023 23:19, Van Snyder wrote: unzip v 6.0 (the version delivered with Debian 10) doesn't work with files bigger than 2^32 bytes. Is there an alternative program to do it? "7zip" is the best. It supports multiple formats and cross-platform. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: NetworkManager, Iphone, Bullseye, and Bookworm
On 27.05.2023 22:43, Charles Curley wrote: I recently upgraded from an iPhone 8 to a 14. All of my various WiFi capable computers worked great with the iPhone 8's Personal Hotspot. However, the new iPhone does not appear to like Bullseye. Two computers show the same symptoms: the iPhone does not seem to like the password previously stored and known to work. On one, I even moved the old connection file aside and tried creating a new connection file. I entered the password, and had repeated requests to provide the password. However, I have Bookworm on an ancient IBM R51. That got on the Personal Hotspot immediately with no fuss. I also ran a recent live CD of Bookworm on one of the two failing Bullseye machines, and that worked immediately. On one of the Bullseye machines, I upgraded NetworkManager from backports. No go. So, is there something in that mess of dependencies that NetworkManager rides herd on that I should upgrade, preferably from Bullseye backports? Other thoughts? (Aside from install Bookworm immediately.) Probably, an updated "wpasupplicant" package is what you need. The version in "bullseye-backports" is slightly older, so you might need to build a backport from sources in "bookworm". $ rmadison wpasupplicant wpasupplicant | 2:2.7+git20190128+0c1e29f-4~bpo9+2 | stretch-backports | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x wpasupplicant | 2:2.7+git20190128+0c1e29f-6+deb10u3 | oldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x wpasupplicant | 2:2.9.0-21 | stable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x wpasupplicant | 2:2.10-8~bpo11+2 | bullseye-backports | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x wpasupplicant | 2:2.10-12 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x wpasupplicant | 2:2.10-12 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to download source package using only console?
On 15.05.2023 15:19, Vincent Lefevre wrote: On 2023-05-15 10:25:45 +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: I see. That explains why I can request source package "golang-github-xenolf-lego/testing" directly and get the right one. So, in my case, I won't be able to reliably get a source package(-s) from "testing" if I don't add "deb" part of "testing" to "sources.list", which could be a different can of worms... Is this something for me to just be aware of and leave it as is now, or is there more elegant solution? Well, if you don't want the "deb" part, you need to provide the name of the source package directly to "apt source". If you do that frequently, you can write a script. There are 2 solutions: * A remote request, e.g. with rmadison. * Something based of "apt cache show". From that, you can get the source package, then call "apt source" with the source package. But note that this is only a heuristic; if the name of the source package has changed from stable to testing, this won't work. Note that adding the "deb" part shouldn't be much an issue (except noise, e.g. with "apt cache show", which would give output for both stable and testing). If you want to make sure that a package from testing won't be installed by mistake (by apt), I suppose that you can use apt preferences with a negative priority for testing to prevent such an installation: Package: * Pin: release a=testing Pin-Priority: -1 (not tried). See the apt_preferences(5) man page for details. It looks like adding the "deb" part with apt pinning is the best option. Even with pinning in effect, packages from "testing" still could be installed, but only if they were manually requested. Now the command "$ apt source lego/testing" is working properly. Thanks for suggestions, Vincent. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to download source package using only console?
On 15.05.2023 05:43, Vincent Lefevre wrote: On 2023-05-14 14:17:05 +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: [...] I think you haven't noticed that I requested for "4.9.1-1" version from "testing" specifically, You can't. You can either request some given version, e.g. 4.9.1-1 (but this will work only if it can be found from your local database), or the version from some given distribution, e.g. "testing". But my point is that your database is obsolete, because if you ask the version from testing, apt thinks that it is 3.2.0-3.1, while it should be 4.9.1-1. You need to fix that. What is the best approach to fix that? Keep in mind, I only need a source package(-s) from "testing". So, just to be safe, "deb" source for "testing" was commented out: $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep -iE "testing" #deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free hence why the command was "$ apt source lego/testing" not just "$ apt source lego". There is no reason for building a backport package for "stable" using a source package from "stable"... I've changed all my repo mirrors to "deb.debian.org" suspecting the previous mirror I used was somehow out-of-date. Why is my output differ from yours? $ apt-show-versions -a lego lego:amd64 3.2.0-3.1+b5 bullseye deb.debian.org No proposed-updates version No stable-updates version No testing version No unstable version lego:amd64 not installed lego:i386 3.2.0-3.1+b5 bullseye deb.debian.org No proposed-updates version No stable-updates version No testing version No unstable version lego:i386 not installed After changing your sources.list, you need an "apt update" again. Of course, I always do "$ sudo apt update" after changing apt config files and before any package manipulation. Yet "rmadison" reports there is a version "4.9.1-1" available in "testing": $ rmadison lego lego | 0.3.1-5+b13 | oldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 3.2.0-3.1+b5 | stable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 4.9.1-1 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 4.9.1-1 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x I suspect "apt-show-versions" output is inconsistent because I only request "deb-src" from "testing" in "sources.list", as I've shown before. Probably. "apt-show-versions" considers only the binary packages (but "lego" is only a binary package). I see. "rmadison" utility is checking out repos directly, where as "apt-show-versions" rely on local database information. [...] I did some additional research and I think I got it. "lego" package is special because its source package is named differently: Yes, as said by apt above: Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego' [...] But why "apt" doesn't play along, since it knows the source package for "lego" has different name, but ignores the "testing" part of the request? $ apt source lego/testing Reading package lists... Done Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego' E: Can not find version '3.2.0-3.1' of package 'lego' E: Unable to find a source package for golang-github-xenolf-lego Looks like an "apt" bug to me. Probably not. You are doing a request on a binary package (since "lego" is not a source package). The translation from the binary package to the source package depends on the particular version of the binary package. So lego/testing will correspond to the binary package from testing, which is 3.2.0-3.1+b5 in your case (because of your obsolete database due to the missing "deb" for testing in sources.list). Then apt translates this to the source package (of the same version) golang-github-xenolf-lego 3.2.0-3.1, which is unknown on your machine because the deb-src database is up-to-date (contrary to the deb database). Something like that. I see. That explains why I can request source package "golang-github-xenolf-lego/testing" directly and get the right one. So, in my case, I won't be able to reliably get a source package(-s) from "testing" if I don't add "deb" part of "testing" to "sources.list", which could be a different can of worms... Is this something for me to just be aware of and leave it as is now, or is there more elegant solution? -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to download source package using only console?
On 14.05.2023 10:06, Vincent Lefevre wrote: On 2023-05-14 00:15:39 +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: Hello, fellow Debian users. When I need to build a backport of a package, I sometimes find it difficult to obtain actual source package(-s) from Debian repos using console. Following advice from a wiki page [1], after "apt update", doesn't do it: $ apt source lego/testing Reading package lists... Done Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego' E: Can not find version '3.2.0-3.1' of package 'lego' E: Unable to find a source package for golang-github-xenolf-lego zira:~> apt-show-versions -a lego lego:amd64 3.2.0-3.1+b5 stableftp.debian.org No stable-updates version lego:amd64 4.9.1-1 testingftp.debian.org lego:amd64 4.9.1-1 unstableftp.debian.org No experimental version lego:amd64 not installed Indeed, 3.2.0-3.1 is no longer the testing version. Your database seems to be out-of-date. I think you haven't noticed that I requested for "4.9.1-1" version from "testing" specifically, hence why the command was "$ apt source lego/testing" not just "$ apt source lego". There is no reason for building a backport package for "stable" using a source package from "stable"... I've changed all my repo mirrors to "deb.debian.org" suspecting the previous mirror I used was somehow out-of-date. Why is my output differ from yours? $ apt-show-versions -a lego lego:amd64 3.2.0-3.1+b5 bullseye deb.debian.org No proposed-updates version No stable-updates version No testing version No unstable version lego:amd64 not installed lego:i386 3.2.0-3.1+b5 bullseye deb.debian.org No proposed-updates version No stable-updates version No testing version No unstable version lego:i386 not installed Yet "rmadison" reports there is a version "4.9.1-1" available in "testing": $ rmadison lego lego | 0.3.1-5+b13 | oldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 3.2.0-3.1+b5 | stable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 4.9.1-1 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 4.9.1-1 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x I suspect "apt-show-versions" output is inconsistent because I only request "deb-src" from "testing" in "sources.list", as I've shown before. Here is another example package that works as expected: $ rmadison roundcube roundcube | 1.3.17+dfsg.1-1~deb10u2 | oldstable | source, all roundcube | 1.4.13+dfsg.1-1~deb11u1~bpo10+1 | buster-backports | source, all roundcube | 1.4.13+dfsg.1-1~deb11u1 | stable | source, all roundcube | 1.6.1+dfsg-1 | testing | source, all roundcube | 1.6.1+dfsg-1 | unstable | source, all $ apt-show-versions -a roundcube roundcube:all 1.4.13+dfsg.1-1~deb11u1 bullseye deb.debian.org roundcube:all 1.4.13+dfsg.1-1~deb11u1 bullseye-security deb.debian.org No proposed-updates version No stable-updates version No testing version No unstable version roundcube:all not installed $ apt source roundcube/testing Reading package lists... Done Selected version '1.6.1+dfsg-1' (testing) for roundcube ... I did some additional research and I think I got it. "lego" package is special because its source package is named differently: $ rmadison golang-github-xenolf-lego golang-github-xenolf-lego | 0.3.1-5 | oldstable | source golang-github-xenolf-lego | 3.2.0-3.1 | stable | source golang-github-xenolf-lego | 4.9.1-1 | testing | source golang-github-xenolf-lego | 4.9.1-1 | unstable | source golang-github-xenolf-lego | 4.9.1-1 | unstable-debug | source $ apt source golang-github-xenolf-lego/testing Reading package lists... Done Selected version '4.9.1-1' (testing) for golang-github-xenolf-lego ... But why "apt" doesn't play along, since it knows the source package for "lego" has different name, but ignores the "testing" part of the request? $ apt source lego/testing Reading package lists... Done Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego' E: Can not find version '3.2.0-3.1' of package 'lego' E: Unable to find a source package for golang-github-xenolf-lego Looks like an "apt" bug to me. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
How to download source package using only console?
Hello, fellow Debian users. When I need to build a backport of a package, I sometimes find it difficult to obtain actual source package(-s) from Debian repos using console. Following advice from a wiki page [1], after "apt update", doesn't do it: $ apt source lego/testing Reading package lists... Done Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego' E: Can not find version '3.2.0-3.1' of package 'lego' E: Unable to find a source package for golang-github-xenolf-lego Any other seemingly intended ways also fail in a similar fashion: $ dget lego=4.9.1-1 dget: no hostnames in apt-cache policy lego for version 4.9.1-1 found $ apt-get source lego -t testing Reading package lists... Done E: The value 'testing' is invalid for APT::Default-Release as such a release is not available in the sources E: Unable to find a source package for Trying to do the same for another package seems to work: $ apt source ipcalc/testing Reading package lists... Done Selected version '0.42-2' (testing) for ipcalc Need to get 33,7 kB of source archives. Get:1 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian testing/main ipcalc 0.42-2 (dsc) [1 692 B] Get:2 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian testing/main ipcalc 0.42-2 (tar) [25,9 kB] Get:3 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian testing/main ipcalc 0.42-2 (diff) [6 144 B] Fetched 33,7 kB in 1s (52,5 kB/s) dpkg-source: info: extracting ipcalc in ipcalc-0.42 dpkg-source: info: unpacking ipcalc_0.42.orig.tar.gz dpkg-source: info: unpacking ipcalc_0.42-2.debian.tar.xz dpkg-source: info: using patch list from debian/patches/series dpkg-source: info: applying 01-paths.patch So why those fail for a "lego" package and is there a way to solve this once and for all? I know I can go to a packages website [2] and manually download ".dsc" file and feed it to "dget" utility, or download source files directly from said website, but there has to be a better way. Some useful info: $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep -iE "testing" #deb https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ testing main contrib non-free $ rmadison lego lego | 0.3.1-5+b13 | oldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 3.2.0-3.1+b5 | stable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 4.9.1-1 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x lego | 4.9.1-1 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x $ uname -a Linux host0 5.10.0-22-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.178-3 (2023-04-22) x86_64 GNU/Linux [1] https://wiki.debian.org/SimpleBackportCreation [2] https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/lego -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: What do all those "* * *" mean on a traceroute log?
On 13.04.2023 00:00, Albretch Mueller wrote: Yes, but should it happen on every hop? In my case it happens while I am trying to reach every site and from wherever I have the chance to get some relatively decent Internet access? There is a chance your trace packets were filtered (rate-limited), because by default "traceroute" sends them without delay and remote hosts could "see" them as flood. Try to test same route again, but with a send delay set to a reasonable 1 second using "-z" parameter, like so: # traceroute -z 1 8.8.8.8 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Pinning not working?!
On 04.04.2023 00:12, Thomas Schweikle wrote: does not seen to work at all, since the 4.1-2 package has priority 500 but if pinning would work it should have 1000. What is wrong here? It works for me. Without pinning: $ apt-cache policy nvidia-driver nvidia-driver: Installed: 470.161.03-1 Candidate: 470.161.03-1 Version table: *** 470.161.03-1 500 500 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian bullseye/non-free amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 470.103.01-1~bpo11+1 100 100 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian bullseye-backports/non-free amd64 Packages Created .pref file: $ cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/nvidia-driver.pref Package: /nvidia-driver/ Pin: version /470.103/ Pin-Priority: 1000 With pinning after "apt update": $ apt-cache policy nvidia-driver nvidia-driver: Installed: 470.161.03-1 Candidate: 470.103.01-1~bpo11+1 Version table: *** 470.161.03-1 500 500 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian bullseye/non-free amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 470.103.01-1~bpo11+1 1000 100 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian bullseye-backports/non-free amd64 Packages Try using proper regexp syntax, to pin candidates. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: bendel.debian.org untrusted certificate
On 12.03.2023 09:55, jeremy ardley wrote: Back on topic I have solved getting letsencrypt certificates accepted by postfix , but not certificates generated by Debian SMTP CA Received: from edge.bronzemail.com (2403-5800-c000-1b7-f3d4-d970-ca28-bf4f.ip6.aussiebb.net [IPv6:2403:5800:c000:1b7:f3d4:d970:ca28:bf4f]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "edge.bronzemail.com", Issuer "R3" (verified OK)) by mail.bronzemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id B38C6860225 for ; Sun, 12 Mar 2023 12:50:55 +0800 (AWST) Authentication-Results: mail.bronzemail.com; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ardley.org header.i=@ardley.org header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=default header.b=OfZ0VNf6; dkim-atps=neutral Received: from bendel.debian.org (bendel.debian.org [82.195.75.100]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) server-digest SHA256 client-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) client-digest SHA256) (Client CN "clientcerts/bendel.debian.org", Issuer "Debian SMTP CA" (not verified)) by edge.bronzemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 691864037F for ; Sun, 12 Mar 2023 12:50:53 +0800 (AWST) It says "Issuer "Debian SMTP CA" (not verified)" because your client (mail server) doesn't have any means to verify certificate of this Certificate Authority. "Debian SMTP CA" is self-hosted Certificate Authority. That means it is first of the chain, so it doesn't have any globally trusted CAs above it that could verify its legitimacy. To make your client to trust it, you have to install its public certificate into trusted CA storage ( to "/etc/ssl/certs/" or where your client was configured to look for trusted CA certs ). You can obtain CA certificate with "openssl" utility: $ openssl s_client -tls1_3 -showcerts -starttls smtp -connect bendel.debian.org:25 First certificate, identified by "-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-" line, is always server's certificate, last is CA certificate. You can save it to external file, so its contents would look like this: $ cat bendel.debian.org.issuer.crt -BEGIN CERTIFICATE- MIIE4jCCA8qgAwIBAgIJAKMp9hZf6dHhMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIGmMQswCQYD ... ogSbTuTG -END CERTIFICATE- You can additionally check this certificate for consistency: $ openssl x509 -text -in ./bendel.debian.org.issuer.crt | grep -iE "issuer:|subject:|ca:true" Now you can verify server's certificate using this CA certificate: With it: $ openssl s_client -tls1_3 -CAfile bendel.debian.org.issuer.crt -starttls smtp -connect bendel.debian.org:25 2>&1 | grep "Verification" Verification: OK Without it: $ openssl s_client -tls1_3 -CAfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt -starttls smtp -connect bendel.debian.org:25 2>&1 | grep "Verification" Verification error: self signed certificate in certificate chain Final step is to include "bendel.debian.org.issuer.crt" into configuration of your mail server, by installing it to "/etc/ssl/certs/" or by pointing directly to it. Now I wonder why "bendel.debian.org" admins decided not to use free Let's Encrypt certificate and decided to use their own self-hosted CA.. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: does your Thunderbird for deb11 often become unresponsive?
On 03.03.2023 09:02, hlyg wrote: at first i suspect Thunderbird(TB) try to access some sites that are blocked in china i disable show Start Page when it launches i disable check email automatically for each account but it becomes unresponsive when i File->New->Message i really don't know cause of unresponsiveness PS: even if blocked sites cause trouble, it's bug of TB, it shall timeout after it can't access sites for some time I don't have any issues with TB on a PC with operating system on SSD. If I had to guess the culprit, it could be a failing HDD. You should check "/var/log/syslog" for anything suspicious and\or "smartctl". This also could be a symptom of resource starvation. Run "free -h" and\or "top" to see if there is any resource hogs. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
how report a bug?
Hi https://forum.qt.io/topic/142922/qt-5-15-4-and-upper-nvidia-driver-340-108-segmentation-fault-of-all-qt-soft freeartist-devuan@home:~$ reportbug Please enter the name of the package in which you have found a problem, or type 'other' to report a more general problem. If you don't know what package the bug is in, please contact debian-user@lists.debian.org for assistance. > other Please enter the name of the package in which you have found a problem, or choose one of these bug categories: 1 amprolla Everything related to amprolla 2 arm-sdk The ARM SDK and images (RPI & Co.) 3 bugs.devuan.org Issues related to Devuan BTS itself 4 devuan-desktopAnything related to Devuan desktop 5 devuan-installer Anything related to the Devuan installer 6 devuan-projecteverything Devuan-related which is not otherwise categorised 7 devuan-wwwEverything related to the websites 8 iso-mirrors Everything relating to the ISO media mirrors 9 minimal-live The Devuan minimal live image 10 package-mirrors Everything related to package repository mirrors Enter a package: 3 *** Welcome to reportbug. Use ? for help at prompts. *** Note: bug reports are publicly archived (including the email address of the submitter). Detected character set: UTF-8 Please change your locale if this is incorrect. Using 'deepforest ' as your from address. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/reportbug", line 2392, in main() File "/usr/bin/reportbug", line 1092, in main return iface.user_interface() ^^ File "/usr/bin/reportbug", line 1737, in user_interface elif 'devuan' in pkgversion: ^^ TypeError: argument of type 'NoneType' is not iterable freeartist-devuan@home:~$
Re: support for ASUS AC1200 USB-AC53 Nano wifi dongle
On 08.02.2023 20:55, Gary Dale wrote: On 2023-02-08 09:07, Gary Dale wrote: The journalctl command returns nothing. That's strange. Is it possible you've forgot that pound ("#") sign means "run as root"? Found a github repository that compiles on Bullseye at https://github.com/morrownr/88x2bu. Then it's a matter of doing the following as root git clone https://github.com/morrownr/88x2bu cd 88x2bu-20210702 ## date string may different make clean make make install then rebooting. The wifi dongle now shows in "ip addr". Good to hear you've made it working. You might want to walk an extra mile and setup DKMS [1][2] for it, so it will automatically re-compile and re-install itself after every kernel image update. [1] https://manpages.debian.org/bullseye/dkms/dkms.8.en.html [2] https://www.xmodulo.com/build-kernel-module-dkms-linux.html -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: support for ASUS AC1200 USB-AC53 Nano wifi dongle
On 08.02.2023 09:07, Gary Dale wrote: I thought this would be easier than it's turned out to be. There are Internet posts going back years about support for this device but nothing recent - including a 5 year old Ubuntu post saying it works. Other wifi devices seem to be recognized out of the box or with a simple install of non-free firmware but not this one - at least not in Bullseye or Bookworm. The adapter itself seems to be quite popular so I'm hoping someone can provide some clues on how to make it work Thanks. Your device should be based on "RTL8822B" chip from Realtek, so you need to install "firmware-realtek" package. If after doing that you still didn't get a functioning network wifi adapter you might need to build driver kernel module. [1] This is what I had to do to get USB Bluetooth adapter from Asus to work without issues, even though it is supported by kernel in "bullseye". It is always the best to include extra information about your setup when you asking for help. At least output from these commands would be a start: $ uname -a $ lsusb -v -t # journalctl -b 0 --no-pager | grep -iE "rtl|rtk_|firmware" If the output is long you can use "paste" service [2] and send us a link. [1] https://www.asus.com/ca-en/networking-iot-servers/adapters/all-series/usb-ac53-nano/helpdesk_download/?model2Name=USB-AC53-Nano [2] https://paste.debian.net/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: USB enumeration issue
On 23.01.2023 11:40, Matthew McAllister wrote: Hi all, Since I upgraded packages a couple weeks ago, whenever I start my PC, I have to wait 60 seconds for the kernel to enumerate USB devices. Here's the log: [ 8.815277] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 24.431295] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 24.943220] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [ 30.319491] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 45.935494] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -110 [ 46.044772] usb usb1-port5: attempt power cycle [ 46.523221] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd [ 51.323562] usb 1-5: Device not responding to setup address. [ 56.331406] usb 1-5: Device not responding to setup address. [ 56.539402] usb 1-5: device not accepting address 4, error -71 [ 56.943221] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 5 using xhci_hcd [ 61.743759] usb 1-5: Device not responding to setup address. [ 66.751609] usb 1-5: Device not responding to setup address. [ 66.959391] usb 1-5: device not accepting address 5, error -71 [ 66.960945] usb usb1-port5: unable to enumerate USB device This occurs when *no USB cables are plugged in*. The kernel is stalling the entire boot process to enumerate some internal USB hub, I assume. My front USB-C is broken as far as I can tell, so I tried unplugging the header. The issue persisted. The front USB 3.0 work correctly and I couldn't get the header unplugged anyways, so I didn't test if that was the issue. Any ideas what might be going on? Kernel is 6.1.4-1. Matthew Start troubleshooting process by unplugging all USB devices, doesn't matter, if it's empty USB extension cable, external USB hub, or USB thumb drive. If you did that already and don't have USB-anything plugged in and still have the same issue, then this is a hardware problem, not a software problem. If you unplugged everything and can't reproduce the issue anymore, then you have faulty USB device, which should be tested one by one, to determine which one is the culprit. There is one additional thing, if your "PC" is a laptop, then it is possible there is an internal device inside that uses USB bus to function, e.g. WiFi adapter, WWAN adapter, etc. In that case you need to open laptop to remove these devices. If your laptop is HP or Lenovo brand, you should look for publicly available Disassembly and Maintenance Manuals for your model on manufacturer's official website. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Cloning a disk: partclone?
On 19.01.2023 23:49, Tom Browder wrote: On my main PC, I would like to clone my boot drive onto another disk for 2 reasons: 1. Use a larger disk for the main drive 2. Create an emergency recovery disk A new Debian package to me is "partclone". Questions: + Can that be used for both purposes? Yes. Keep in mind, that it will clone partitions (with filesystems) separately, so you have to create partition table on destination drive manually. Procedure will depend on what partition scheme your source drive uses: MBR or GPT. In case of MBR, you will have to install bootloader on a destination drive after cloning. In case of GPT, cloning the EFI partition should be enough to boot from a destination drive. + Can it do a complete clone on an active disk? Or do I need a live CD or USB stick? No, it can't. Partitions have to be unmounted for partclone to work. Since you will be creating LiveCD on USB stick and going offline anyway it might be better (easier) to use Clonezilla for this task. Clonezilla is customizable, has curses GUI, uses partclone under the hood and also automates other things, like partition creation on a destination drive, bootloader installation, etc. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Passwords
On 17.01.2023 13:51, DdB wrote: Everyone (and their friend) seem to know, how to work around this, which apparently is common debian knowledge (which is nice). But somehow, i feel there could be more caring about avoiding to teach future hackers by accident. Is this kind of lesson appropriate for a users list? - I doubt it. This is not hacking. How to reset password on your computer is the is most basic system administration knowledge everyone should know. This information is described in system administration manual and mostly applies for any Linux-based system. Since it is so easy to reset user password on a computer you have physical access to, and it doesn't matter if OS is Windows or Linux-based, so making your user password so long and complex, to the point it could be forgotten, is so not necessary. Even 4-6 digit password is enough to secure access to local user account and impossible to forget. Long and complex passwords are only necessary for non-local user accounts, e.g. Web-sites, e-Mail accounts, or any accounts exposed to the Internet. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: why rfkill not list my wifi device
On 10.01.2023 12:33, lsg wrote: On 1/10/23 15:26, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: For this adapter, according to Wireless Wiki [1], you should use universal driver "rtl8xxxu". See if it was loaded: $ sudo lsusb -t ... Thank Alexander! actually my usb wifi adapter works well in buster but rfkill doesn't i want to get rfkill to work In that case check if "rfkill" kernel module is actually loaded, because it is necessary for rfkill utility to function: $ lsmod | grep -iE "rfkill" Use "modprobe" utulity to load it: $ sudo modprobe rfkill It is possible that driver module (your current version) for this adapter simply doesn't support "rfkill" subsystem. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: why rfkill not list my wifi device
On 10.01.2023 09:54, lsg wrote: Thank Charles! it's usb wifi adapter, lsusb shows Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:8179 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188EUS 802.11n Wireless Network Adapter rfkill shows nothing For this adapter, according to Wireless Wiki [1], you should use universal driver "rtl8xxxu". See if it was loaded: $ sudo lsusb -t Check out the logs for relevant messages: $ sudo grep -iE "rtl|firmware" /var/log/syslog This should give you a hint about a firmware file needed for this adapter. Probably it is a good idea in general to install firmware package for Realtek-based devices from "non-free" section of Debian repos: $ sudo apt install firmware-realtek [1] https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers/rtl819x -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: off topic, has anyone here built marlin from src?
On 26.12.2022 18:15, gene heskett wrote: Greetings all; ... One path involves Visual Studio which does not seem to be available for debian, so it appears the platformio path is the one to follow. But step by step instructions are pretty slim. Can anyone help get me started? I don't have any experience with CNCs or MarlinFW, but from what I've read from documentation [1] [2] it should be pretty straight forward. First things first you need to install VSCode (Visual Studio Code IDE) [3]. Which is not available in Debian repos so you have to trust Microsoft and add their external repos along with trusted gpg key. After VSCode installation, you can proceed and install "PlatformIO" which is an extension plugin for VSCode. [4] To do that, basically you need to press "Ctrl+Shift+X" inside VSCode and type "PlatformIO" into search bar inside left-side panel and click Install button. After that you will have a ready-to-go toolkit for MarlinFW configuration and compilation, and proceed with further steps, as described in [4]. [1] https://marlinfw.org/docs/basics/install.html [2] https://marlinfw.org/docs/configuration/configuration.html [3] https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux [4] https://marlinfw.org/docs/basics/install_platformio_vscode.html -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Self hosting solution for Christmas
On 24.12.2022 13:03, Andre Rodier wrote: Hello everyone, Here my present for Christmas: a new version of HomeBox, the self hosted email solution. Feel free to drop comments, create issues, update the docs, etc. I released this quickly before going on vacation, so you may find some issues. However, this is mostly stable, and the code is easy to modify. Also, you can now add and remove components individually, with an Ansible playbook. https://github.com/progmaticltd/homebox ... Merry Christmas, André Impressive feature list. Does it use MySQL or PostgreSQL for settings\configuration\users storage? I might give it a spin to take a peek under the hood and see how much of it could be customized and tailored for my needs. And also to compare it to other projects like say iRedMail or MailCow. Happy holidays! -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: How to investigate sudden shutdown?
On 14.12.2022 12:22, Tobias Diekershoff wrote: Hey everyone, perhaps someone of you can help me with tool / log file I have not investigated so far. I have a Thinkpad with Debian Bullseye on it, running KDE/Plasma as main desktop environment and from time to time it just turn off without prior indication to do so. Does it power off unexpectedly while you actively working on it, or you just see it powered off when you check it after a while? These kinds of symptoms are hard to diagnose and usually indicate a hardware problem. Please, give us more information about your laptop. You can use "inxi" utility for that: # inxi -a -v8 -z -za You can send the output from "inxi" to paste service[1] and provide us with just a link to it in next mail. Is laptop's battery(-ies) in good shape, i.e. it can sustain laptop at least for a few minutes with PSU disconnected? If battery is dead, disconnect the battery and try to reproduce the issue with only PSU connected. It it not particular warm before and journalctl / dmsg logs are looking unsuspicious around these sudden shutdowns for me. Any pointer what else could be investigated (and I do realize that these are very vague symptoms) would be appreciated! A good place to start is to check journald logs for previous boot: # journalctl --boot -1 "-1" is an index, so "0" is current boot, "-2" is two boots prior, etc. [1] https://paste.debian.net/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: apcupsd sc420i line voltage
On 07.12.2022 19:47, Vukovics Mihály wrote: Hello Community, I am strugling with APC SmartUPS SC420I and apcupsd. The UPS is connected via usb-to serial adapter and 940-0024E cable. The UPS is recognized as "Back-UPS Pro 280" instead of SC420I and the line voltage is displayed as 120V instead of the real 230V. UPSTYPE apcsmart DEVICE /dev/ttyUSB0 Has any of you experienced like this and know how to fix at least the line voltage value? Maybe it would be better to try "nut-server" which could have a better apcsmart driver implementation? I have APC SmartUPS SC1500I with similar setup, USB-to-COM adapter and self-made APC UPS Smart cable and it is working fine with nut-server, both monitoring and control. Another thing to check could be an usb-to-serial adapter. I've seen some cheap low-quality adapters which were created with counterfeit ICs. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Questions about installing Debian on a laptop
On 04.12.2022 18:52, Gabor Urban wrote: Hi, I am planning to install Debian on a laptop the first time.That will not be my first installing but I never used notebooks for that. I have found a lot of useful information but I would like to have some guidance at the start. What are the most important issues selecting a laptop I should be mindful about? Probably the most problematic point of a Linux laptop is a wireless connectivity, both WiFi and Bluetooth. It's always better to check beforehand if wireless adapter that comes preinstalled is supported natively by Linux kernel [1], or would work with external drivers (kernel modules) supplied by device manufacturer. Another thing to keep in mind, is to get a laptop with a MUX switch (AKA Advanced Optimus) to be able to select between CPU internal and discrete VGAs. While classic Optimus technology could work out of the box, it is usually a headache to make it work, because hardware implementation is different for every laptop manufacturer. So it is better to just select discrete VGA in BIOS as primary, and MUX switch allows you to do that. If you already have the laptop handy you can test how it would work with Debian Live [2] before removing preinstalled OS. It's better to choose from images with non-free firmware included to save yourself some time from extra troubleshooting while trying make things work. [1] https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/drivers [2] https://www.debian.org/CD/live/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: firmware-atheros - slow internet
On 09.11.2022 05:37, Amn wrote: I have found impossible to use Bluetooth with my Debian 11 on my : System Manufacturer Acer System Model Aspire E5-771G System Type x64-based PC System SKU Aspire E5-771G_0880_1_09 Processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz, 2401 Mhz, 2 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s) BIOS Version/Date Insyde Corp. V1.09, 2014-07-17 Though it is an old laptop, I was confident that Debian 11 would be able to bring her to its past glory, and it did! with the exception of the the Bluetooth capability. I 'apt install firmware-atheros', but the result were most unappreciated since the package, though it did make the Bluetooth devices work, it created a problem with the WiFi; the internet was super, mega slow. I still hope to make the Bluetooth work and thus I am posting this email in the hope that someone here also had the same experience with an Acer Aspire and was able to solve it. Please note, I am by no means an expert on Linux, I have always use M$, but due to my disability I am now unable to purchase a new laptop or the new WinOS. So, go easy on me folks for I am a new comer to the *nix world. Thanks in advance. We need more information about your system first. Install necessary utilities first, if they are not already installed: $ sudo apt install pciutils usbutils inxi Send the output from commands below in your next email: $ lspci -nn -k $ lsusb --tree -v $ inxi -E -za $ journalctl -b --no-pager | grep -iE "wireless|bluetooth|firmware" You can use pastebin-like service[1] to send long console outputs. What devices are you trying to connect via bluetooth? [1] https://paste.debian.net/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: loss of mbmon function
On 02.11.2022 05:55, gene heskett wrote: On 11/1/22 16:52, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: First step is to find model and make of IC that provides sensor functions. Does this command gives any clues? $ sudo sensors-detect answered yes to all the default NO questions and still got only: # Chip drivers coretemp nct6775 Which are now loaded, but still no voltages or fans are reported. These two has to be sufficient. Just make sure these modules are loaded: $ lsmod | grep -iE 'coretemp|nct6775' Now "sensors" utility should be able to output values from every available sources of super I/O IC. $ sensors -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: loss of mbmon function
On 01.11.2022 18:20, gene heskett wrote: Greetings all; I am now suffering from a hang on reboot. And in looking for info, I find that gkrellm can only see temps. I don't push this so they stay in the 29 to 30C range. gkrellm is, and has been part of my housekeeping for 20 years. But mbmon was not installed, but it and all its suggested dependency's are now, and two reboots, which took about 20 minutes just to get to the bios screen while dancing a jig on the del key. During that time I can hear a very faint clicking sound from time to time. zero activity on any drive controller led, there are two controllers, one of course on the mobo, and one that interfaces a 4 drive raid10 for the /home. Mobo is: Asus PRIME Z370-A II, BIOS 0801 04/24/2019 mbmon claims to run by itself but needs root, and when ran with sudo, reports gene@coyote:~$ sudo mbmon [sudo] password for gene: No Hardware Monitor found!! InitMBInfo: Success What do you suggest I install so this Asus mobo can be monitored. Thanks all. Take care and stay well. Cheers, Gene Heskett. First step is to find model and make of IC that provides sensor functions. Does this command gives any clues? $ sudo sensors-detect -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Failure in fuse3 hook prevents initramfs update
On 29.10.2022 21:32, Joe Pfeiffer wrote: Further follow-up: the problem appears to be that something else has already put mount.fuse3 in the initramfs. Replacing the failing line with copy_exec /sbin/mount.fuse3 /sbin || true allows me to create the initramfs, and the system boots, but I doubt it's an optimal solution. I don't have the same issues with initramfs, but maybe this will help to find what script also puts mount.fuse3 into initramfs: $ grep -iE 'fuse|fuse3' /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/* This is the output on my system: /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fuse:copy_exec /sbin/mount.fuse3 /sbin /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fuse:manual_add_modules fuse /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/ntfs_3g:PREREQ="fuse" Also, this will list all fuse-related installed packages: $ dpkg -l | grep -iE 'fuse|fuse3' This is the output on my system: ii exfat-fuse 1.3.0-2 amd64 read and write exFAT driver for FUSE ii fuse3 3.10.3-2 amd64 Filesystem in Userspace (3.x version) ii fuseiso 20070708-3.2+b1 amd64 FUSE module to mount ISO filesystem images ii libfuse2:amd64 2.9.9-5 amd64 Filesystem in Userspace (library) ii libfuse3-3:amd64 3.10.3-2 amd64 Filesystem in Userspace (library) (3.x version) ii libntfs-3g883 1:2017.3.23AR.3-4+deb11u2 amd64 read/write NTFS driver for FUSE (runtime library) ii lxcfs 4.0.7-1 amd64 FUSE based filesystem for LXC ii ntfs-3g 1:2017.3.23AR.3-4+deb11u2 amd64 read/write NTFS driver for FUSE If you've got another script in hooks directory that also tries to copy mount.fuse3, you can find a package it comes from: E.g. $ apt-file find /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fuse -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Whom to send bugreport?
On 20.10.2022 12:15, Hans wrote: Dear ladies and gentlemen, guess there is the following problem: There is a third-party module for a kernel, which has to be compiled for the kernel. This build is working fine! After upgrading to a newer version of the kernel and of course newer kernel- headers, the build is failing now with a crash. As the third-party module was not changed, the failure depends on some changes in the kernel-header files. Whom the bugreport hast to be sent? The kernel-header maintainers? The third- party? IMO third-party should maintain their code and fix the issue. If third-party would determine that this issue is not their fault, then they should report a regression bug upstream, explaining the problem in technical detail and/or offer patches. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Cheap NAS
On 14.10.2022 00:23, pa...@quillandmouse.com wrote: Folks: This has likely already been covered, but I don't know a way to search the archives for it. I'm interested in a desktop NAS with maybe 4 bays, which works with Linux (and free software), isn't hugely expensive, and is *not* a PC (you could do a NAS with a PC). Any suggestions would be helpful. Paul If you are looking for a "ready-to-go" NAS appliance, then I recommend to look for Synology products. Their DS value and DS plus series are based on relatively good hardware and have stable software/firmware with too many features and options. 2-4 bay variants with 1Gb Ethernet ports are very inexpensive and IMO perfect for SOHO. That is if you are not on an adventure to build your own NAS, of course. :) And if you are, then prices, for anything not ATX, with small form-factors and custom cases, would be too high. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: SSD Optimization - Crucial CT1000MX500SSD1
On 29.09.2022 18:54, Marcelo Laia wrote: Hi, Recently, I bought a SSD SATA Crucial CT1000MX500SSD1. Nowadays, one week a go, debian testing system got crashed because partition got read only. It is expected for partitions to fallback into read-only mode if there are errors reported from the driver. I suspect this is a reason from some upgrade and I suspect that an SSD optimization can solve this problem. SSD firmware is up to date. This version is M3CR043. Based on the info you've sent, there are a few options to try: 1. Replace SATA cable with a known working one. I suggest this because there are a few errors were registered in SMART Attribute 199. 2. Test the drive within the most basic conditions, like one GPT partition and Ext4 filesystem without "discard" option. Leave extra layers like LVM, LUKS, TRIM feature, etc, aside for now. 3. There is a possibility a BIOS\Firmware update for your motherboard could improve compatibility with SSD's internal controller. There are no "SSD optimization" exist that would be required for a SSD to function. They are "it just works" kind of devices. Overall SMART looks clean to me, like the one from a brand new SSD would look like. There are multiple similar reports on the Internet, so I'd suspect it is more of a hardware\firmware compatibility issue than a faulty drive. E.g. there is a high chance this SSD would work just fine inside another PC (with different motherboard, ICH, BIOS, etc.) Can you show us more info about your PC/Laptop? A report from "inxi" would be great. You can get all possible info and filter out private data, with these parameters: $ sudo inxi -a -v 8 -za Here is some informations: :~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda https://pastebin.com/Jyrhn1A2 :~$ sudo journalctl --since "2022-09-25 00:00:00" | grep sda https://pastebin.com/QtCqpJPm :~$ sudo journalctl --since "2022-09-25 00:00:00" | grep ata1 https://pastebin.com/x5QdaYQU :~$ sudo journalctl --since "2022-09-25 00:00:00" | grep error https://pastebin.com/1hEPm7YX Have you some clue and/or advise here? Thank you so much! -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Currently on x11vnc, looking for reliable VNC solution?
On 07.09.2022 13:41, piorunz wrote: On 07/09/2022 05:58, notoneofmyseeds wrote: On 07.09.22 06:19, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: I've switched to NoMachine [1] a long time ago. It has all features I need, which are multi-platform and cross-OS support, public key authentication, reliable file transfer between hosts, and completely free no strings attached license for personal use. and the there's anydesk, with conditions just as nomachine. anydesk.com [1] https://www.nomachine.com/ Thanks for your replies guys. These solutions are overkill to my needs, I just need reliable LAN access from one machine to another, NoMachine does exactly that. as for WAN access I already have ssh tunnel which tunnels all traffic I want if need be. So, I don't think I need external, commercial, not open source solution for my simple remote access. NoMachine is not external service like anydesk or teamviewer. Doesn't nag you about license or anything. It is a completely self-hosted solution and doesn't require Internet access to work. You setup your own SSH keys and\or passwords, ports, settings, etc. For me at home NoMachine provides a physical-like-access experience to all my Linux and Windows hosts and IMO was a major step forward from slow, ancient and insecure VNC. I'd rather fix VNC server I have right now, or switch to different VNC server. Anyone has experience with VNC, or similar LAN protocols, which work? Thanks in advance. I was in search for a VNC replacement once too. Good luck. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Currently on x11vnc, looking for reliable VNC solution?
On 07.09.2022 01:49, piorunz wrote: Hi all, ... Any suggestions welcome! I've switched to NoMachine [1] a long time ago. It has all features I need, which are multi-platform and cross-OS support, public key authentication, reliable file transfer between hosts, and completely free no strings attached license for personal use. [1] https://www.nomachine.com/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: BlueTooth - Acer - Qualcomm Atheros
On 26.08.2022 21:24, Amn wrote: Hey there!! As the subject suggests, this combo [BlueTooth - Acer - Qualcomm Atheros] is my problem. But before going any further I'd like to leave clear that I am not, by any means, a Linux Power User [LPU], I just installed Debian 11 in my laptop and are now discovering the pros and cons of this OS, that's it! After installing Debian 11 from an USB, I found out that the blue-tooth wasn't working, so searching the net I found this web pages that attempt to fix the issue, among them are There is pretty good ArchWiki page about Bluetooth setup. [1] Basically, first you need to install bluetooth stack provided by BlueZ and install firmware for your hardware, before you will proceed to the other things, like changing PulseAudio config. To install bluetooth stack: $ sudo apt install bluetooth bluez bluez-tools bluez-firmware blueman And to install firmware (from non-free section [2] ): $ sudo apt install firmware-atheros To check if there is a Bluetooth adapter: $ hciconfig -a If there is an adapter, you can use GUI application "Bluetooth Manager" for an additional setup and BT device pairing. You can also install additional packages that will help to gather information about your hardware: $ sudo apt install lshw pciutils usbutils inxi They will provide "lshw", "lspci", "lsusb", "inxi" console utilities. [1] https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/bluetooth [2] https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: closing Bullseye bugs pointing to a fix in Unstable?
On 23.07.2022 12:39, Thomas Schmitt wrote: Hi, Surely "Closes:" is very convenient, but wouldn't you agree that this puts the users of Stable at a disadvantage? Well, "stable" means old software with old bugs. Those who want the new bugs, which are introduced by fixing the old ones, have to run something else. Then why "nvidia-driver" in Stable was switched from previous "460.91.03-1" version to "470.129.06-6~deb11u1"? $ rmadison nvidia-driver nvidia-driver | 340.106-1 | oldoldoldstable/non-free | amd64, armhf, i386 nvidia-driver | 390.138-1 | oldoldstable/non-free | amd64, armhf, i386 nvidia-driver | 418.152.00-1~bpo9+1 | stretch-backports/non-free | amd64, armhf, i386 nvidia-driver | 418.211.00-1 | oldstable/non-free | amd64, armhf, i386 nvidia-driver | 470.103.01-1~bpo11+1 | bullseye-backports/non-free | amd64, arm64 nvidia-driver | 470.129.06-6~deb11u1~bpo10+1 | buster-backports/non-free | amd64, arm64 nvidia-driver | 470.129.06-6~deb11u1 | stable/non-free | amd64, arm64 nvidia-driver | 470.129.06-6 | testing/non-free | amd64, arm64 nvidia-driver | 470.129.06-6 | unstable/non-free | amd64, arm64 nvidia-driver | 510.73.08-3 | experimental/non-free | amd64, arm64 This change made my system unstable, causing it to freeze sporadically with "Xid" error in syslog. kernel: NVRM: GPU at PCI::01:00: GPU-7565947f-d476-7159-d106-172c793521e6 kernel: NVRM: Xid (PCI::01:00): 8, pid=2039, Channel 0010 And now I can't perform an easy enough downgrade to last working version. Freezes are only happening with 470.xxx versions of the "nvidia-driver", every other versions up to 460.91.03 worked flawlessly. $ lspci ... 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- SERR- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 135 IOMMU group: 1 Region 0: Memory at ee00 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M] Region 1: Memory at d000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Region 3: Memory at e000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M] Region 5: I/O ports at e000 [size=128] Expansion ROM at 000c [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: nvidia Kernel modules: nvidia $ uname -a Linux fortune 5.10.0-16-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.127-1 (2022-06-30) x86_64 GNU/Linux Should I file a new bug? If so, what is the best way to do it, if the last freeze happened 4 days ago, according by timestamps in syslog, and now I plan to downgrade the driver to be able to use full capabilities of my PC? -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: MAC address of bridge interfaces
On 29.06.2022 07:27, Steve Keller wrote: I upgraded a Debian machine from stretch to bullseye and see a change of the IP address of a ethernet bridge interface. The bridge has a physical LAN interface as one fixed bridge port and additional ports for kvm virtual machines I may start. Before the upgrade the bridge interface got its MAC address from the physical LAN interface. With Bullseye this is no longer the case. Instead, the MAC address seems to be generated "somehow". At least, this new address is fixed and doesn't change on each reboot. But how is that MAC address generated? Is it stored somewhere? Can I set it to an address of my own preference? And why was this changed, why don't we still use the address of the physical port connected to it? Steve I didn't experienced any problems with libvirt networks after host OS dist-upgrades. On my KVM host, physical ethernet interface and virtual network bridges (route mode) have different MAC addresses. Libvirt\KVM network configurations are explained in the libvirt documentation¹. I don't remember if I ever had to assign any MAC addresses for virtual bridges or ports manually. I've used "Virtual Machine Manager" to create virtual networks and used auto-generated MAC addresses, as suggested in the docs. At some point in time I had to make use of fixed DHCP IP addresses for my VMs and also made hook scripts to dynamically add\remove firewall rules for VM guests. All virtual network configurations are defined in xml format and "virsh" utility is used to view\edit them. $ sudo virsh net-list $ sudo virsh net-dumpxml --network $ sudo virsh net-port-list --network $ sudo virsh net-port-dumpxml --port --network network> ¹ : https://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html#addressing -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: SSD Optimization and tweaks - Looking for tips/recomendations
On 28.06.2022 22:25, Marcelo Laia wrote: Hi, I bought a SSD solid disk and will perform a fresh install on it. Debian testing. I've never used such a disc. I bought a Crucial CT1000MX500SSD1 (1TB 3D NAND Crucial SATA MX500 Internal SSD (with 9.5mm adapter) — 6.35cm (2.5in) and 7mm). I read the recommendations on the https://wiki.debian.org/SSDOptimization page. However, I still have some doubts: 1. Use ext4 or LVM partitioning? One is a filesystem and the other is a partition technology, a completely different thing. My recommendation is to use whatever you are comfortable and experienced with. Unless of course you feel adventurous and want to learn new things and use extra features. More about that below. 2. I read in the Warnming section that some discs contain bugs, including Crucial. But I don't know if I need to use or not use "discard" on this disk (CT1000MX500SSD1). If I need to proceed with use "discard", would you please have any tips on how to do it? I didn't understand how to do this. Most of those warnings are outdated and nowadays all major SSD manufacturers have developed stable firmware for their products. Personally, I don't use "discard" mount option, instead I manually run "fstrim" utility once a few months. But, my SSD serves me as a system disk and that is not a write-intensive workload. 3. Should I reserve a swap partition or not? I always had one on hdd disks. I was in doubt, too. Yes, you should. The difference in performance will be noticeable, whenever your system would resort to swap usage. 4. Any other recommendations to improve the performance and lifespan of this disk? A performance improvement is a complex task and in some cases could be impossible due to hardware limits of the host or the SSD device itself. On modern system with SATA3 interface, there is not much you can do to increase a performance of SSD, other than optimizing your workloads and maybe choosing among different flash-optimized filesystems. I'd recommend to check out a somewhat recent Phoronix article¹ about filesystem benchmarks. And then again it depends on your workload if these optimizations even worth doing and the time spent learning a new techs. So the bottom line is, if your workload is low, then you should stop worrying and simply enjoy your new SSD. It will last for many years and probably will be moved to a newly build PC to serve as an additional storage device there. Thank you! ¹ : https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=linux-58-filesystems&num=1 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: disk mount problem
On 09.06.2022 23:52, ghe2001 wrote: Supermicro desktop, Debian bullseye There are failures when I try to mount a disk. Fstab: ... I've never seen the first one fail, I've never tried the second, the third and fifth work as expected, and the forth fails. (On boot, the /blackHole line is commented out.) Any thoughts? Have I missed something? You have a typo in options. Should be: UUID=21dcbfda-3884-404f-855f-693d1efa2f06 /blackHole ext4 defaults 0 0 -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: debian app on UserLAnd: upgrading to bullseye
On 09.06.2022 19:41, agyaana...@yahoo.com wrote: i have installed debian (buster) on userland app (UserLAnd is an open-source app which allows you to run several Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Debian, and Kali.) i am keen to upgrade to bullseye. my action: * sudo apt-get update && apt-get full-upgrade * sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list: replace buster with bullseye * sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade am i missing on something. i have limited data plan. hence, requesting opinion or suggestions here. In addition to suggestion from Andrew you should skim through Bullseye's release notes¹. [1] https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/ -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Debian 10 --> 11 on Dell R740: network interfaces renamed
On 09.06.2022 00:04, Harald Dunkel wrote: Hi folks, after the upgrade to Debian 11 some network interfaces in my Dell R740 got renamed. Before: # lshw -class network -short H/W path Device Class Description /0/2/0 eno1 network Ethernet Controller 10G X550T /0/2/0.1 eno2 network Ethernet Controller 10G X550T /0/3/0 eno3 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection /0/3/0.1 eno4 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection /0/103/0 ens3f0 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection /0/103/0.1 ens3f1 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection After: # lshw -class network -short H/W path Device Class Description === /0/2/0 eno1 network Ethernet Controller 10G X550T /0/2/0.1 eno2 network Ethernet Controller 10G X550T /0/3/0 eno3 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection /0/3/0.1 eno4 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection /0/103/0 enp94s0f0 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection /0/103/0.1 enp94s0f1 network I350 Gigabit Network Connection How comes? AFAIR these predictable interface names had been introduced to get *stable* names, if the hardware is changed. Since it is more likely to get a kernel upgrade than new network hardware I wonder of the predictable names could be made even more predictable? For me the best solution is to manually create .link¹ files for every interface, to name them to something nice, like "ether0" or "wan0". [1] https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.link.html -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: firefox misbehaviour
On 21.05.2022 17:33, Hans wrote: Hmm, this combination is new to me. As I am using plasma5, there is , which changes the mousepointer to a skull. Clicking then with the skull on some window, it will kill this window/ application. However, this does not work. Pressing should switch to console 1, (F2 to 2, F3 to 3 and so on) but this does not work, too. As I said, completely frozen! Oh, and it is also not possible, to login from another computer (i.e. with ssh), as due to the freeze authentication and other things do not work then. Last week, when my system froze, I was able to use SysRq¹ key combinations to sync disks, remount and reboot. Might be a good idea to check if it is enabled² (it should be enabled by default AFAICR), and keep instructions handy, if your system will freeze once again. ¹ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key ² https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-manual/restrict-sysrq.en.html -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: firefox misbehaviour
On 21.05.2022 10:57, Hans wrote: Am Samstag, 21. Mai 2022, 05:09:38 CEST schrieb Russell L. Harris: Hi Russell, I do not have those issues you describe, but on my system firefox sometimes completely freezes the system when calling some special websites. Then nothing can be done, only the mouse is moving but no mouse clicking, nor keyboard input is possible then. The only way is the hard way: long press power button, so it switches off. I admit, there are some plugins installed, like noscript and ublock origin, which also might interfere. However, for testing purposes on those sites I temporarly deactivate the plugins. And of course, it can not be excluded, that these sites also interfere with the graphics driver, which is Nvidia. I have had similar issues with system locking up on rare occasion, definitely noticeable because this system was rock solid stable for years. For me it began to happen when I've updated "nvidia-driver" to version "470.103" from "proposed-updates". There is also XID #8 error¹ in syslog, at the time when a freeze occurs, suggesting it is a Nvidia driver problem. To verify my suspicion, I've downgraded "nvidia-driver" to version "460.91" from "stable" and freezes are gone. I didn't file a bug report about this, in fact I don't know if I should and where to report it, but my system is running for a week now without any problems. ¹ https://docs.nvidia.com/deploy/xid-errors/index.html -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Crucial SSDs and Debian Bullseye
On 27.04.2022 20:37, Tom Browder wrote: ... If either of those fail to see it, I’m afraid I toasted it. I don’t think that will qualify for a return. ... What makes you think that way? It is next to impossible to actually mishandle and "toast" a device simply by unpacking it and connecting to a SATA port. (Even when PC is powered on¹). SSDs are not fragile, they are electrically compatible with SATA standard, so both data and power port parts won't do any damage to a device, no matter how old or new the hardware is. If you won't manage to get it working with another PC, then you simply got a faulty product and have a warranty to get it replaced. I've seen a fair share of faulty brand new devices in my life, memory sticks, motherboards, HDDs. This is rare nowadays and I don't handle large volumes of PC parts anymore, but it still happen here and there. ¹ It is still a risk and is not recommended at all. It is always safer to do any work with powered off computer and disconnected battery if it is a laptop. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Crucial SSDs and Debian Bullseye
On 27.04.2022 17:17, Tom Browder wrote: On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 07:08 Alexander V. Makartsev wrote: ... The laptop is a Toshiba C655D-S5136 Satellite. The SSD is a Crucial MX500 1000GB 2.5 inch SSD. Thanks, Alexander. -Tom Crucial MX500 is based on SM2258 controller IC from Silicon Motion. In general, I usually select SSDs based on controller ICs from Phison. They are in my experience have better backward-compatibility with older hardware. The make\brand of the SSD itself doesn't really matter, if you choose appropriately the rest of SSD parts (i.e. NAND type, bits per cell, etc) There is an one workaround you should try: Inside BIOS of the laptop, check if there is an option to switch between protocols in HDD or Chipset sections. They could be called "Legacy", "Native" and "AHCI". Make sure to set it to "AHCI", which should be default for any SSDs. Some SSDs will still work in "Legacy" mode, but it could cause a compatibility issues. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Crucial SSDs and Debian Bullseye
On 27.04.2022 16:06, Tom Browder wrote: I am trying to replace the original hard drive on an old Toshiba laptop with a 1 TB SSD from Crucial. (I had recently successfully done that in an old Dell Latitude and had no problems.) I first did a clean install of Debian 11 on the old drive to ensure the laptop works okay. Then I installed the new SSD and it can't find the drive. From what I can find at Crucial, I need to install their Storage Executive program on a Windows host, look up the SSD to a USB/SATA connector on that host, and configure or install the firmware onto the SSD. I've never heard anything like that and I've worked with many consumer-grade SSDs. Usually all SSDs "just work". They may come pre-partitioned and pre-formatted, but this could be reconfigured with any standard utility programs. The only thing I can think of, is that it could require usage of some vendor-specific proprietary software to setup hardware encryption and/or to update currently flashed firmware to newer versions. I think, you've encountered a hardware compatibility issue between an old ICH controller on the host and a SATA controller on the SSD drive. Some Samsung SSDs with their custom drive controller ICs were affected by this issue, refusing to work with some older chipsets and at lower SATA speeds. I suspect it could be done on purpose, because vendor doesn't want to look bad when people benchmark their new drive and post sub-par results online. Can you provide exact model\make of your host and the SSD drive? -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Copy/paste between host and KVM/windows 10 guest??
On 08.04.2022 14:23, didier gaumet wrote: Le vendredi 08 avril 2022 à 13:48 +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev a écrit : I've had "virtio-win-guest-tools" installed inside Win10 guest does it appear in the list of the Windows installed applications list (Windows parameters menu)? I just verified: that's the only thing I installed in the Win10 guest related to guest drivers/utilities. (Bullseye here) Yes it does. After some investigations, I've managed to get copy\paste action working. So, to answer Dennis' question, this is a list of things necessary for it to work: 1. "virtio-win-guest-tools" has to be installed inside Windows guest. 2. VM guest configuration has to have "Channel spice" device (type "spicevmc" with default settings) 3. Required services called "QEMU Guest Agent" and "Spice Agent" has to be in running state inside Windows guest. Adding user to groups "libvirt" and\or "libvirt-qemu" is not necessary to get copy\paste functions to work. And it is probably more secure not to add user to these groups, especially if it is your PC and you are the only user. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Copy/paste between host and KVM/windows 10 guest??
On 08.04.2022 13:19, didier gaumet wrote: Hello, RHEL/Fedora provide guest (virtio) drivers and agents. I have installed the whole bunch (ISO) into a Win10 KVM guest and the copy/paste is working properly but I think what is required here is only the Spîce guest agent. https://github.com/virtio-win/virtio-win-pkg-scripts/blob/master/README.md (just run the .exe installer (at the root of the iso) in the guest) I've had "virtio-win-guest-tools" installed inside Win10 guest from the very beginning, but copy\paste actions from host to guest and vise versa still don't work. There must be something else to setup, perhaps clipboard becomes unavailable due to user switching? Ex. "sudo virsh list --all" works, but "virsh list --all" doesn't. And when I run "Virtual Machine Manager" it asks me for password. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄
Re: Copy/paste between host and KVM/windows 10 guest??
On 08.04.2022 04:18, Dennis Wicks wrote: It doesn't work for me and the suggested solutions I have found are referring to a linux guest. TIA for pointers, suggestions, solutions! Denniis I've never bothered to make copy\paste actions work natively (if that is even possible) and always used RDP to connect to Windows guest instead of SPICE. By using RDP connection you solve many quality of life issues, like copy\paste, file sharing, smoother GUI performance, etc. I use "Remmina" as a front end, to manage remote desktop connections. -- With kindest regards, Alexander. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄