Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-28 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den fre 27 maj 2022 kl 16:34 skrev Daniel Shahaf :

> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Fri, 27 May 2022 10:40 +00:00:
> > Den tors 26 maj 2022 kl 14:14 skrev Daniel Shahaf <
> d...@daniel.shahaf.name>:
> >> +0.5 to post to announce@ (and users@).  Might want to post the full
> >> draft here (including subject, etc.) first, though?
> >
> > I propose to reuse the news article, adding the tail from the release
> > announcements.
> >
> > [[[
> > Subject: Apache Subversion 1.10.x end of life
> >
> > The Subversion 1.10.x line is end of life (EOL). It was released
> 2018-04-13
> > and was supported for the last four years according to the LTS release
> > life-cycle (see How we plan releases[1]). We recommend everyone to update
> > to the current LTS release 1.14.2 as soon as practically possible since
> > we've stopped accepting bug reports against 1.10.x and will not make any
> > more 1.10.x releases. The last release (1.10.8) was made 2022-04-12 and
> is
> > available to anyone who can't update to 1.14.
> >
>
> Looks good.
>
> Nits:
>
> - s/last release/last 1.10.x release/
> - s/ (2018|2022)/ on \1/ [two lines affected]
>

Thanks, r1901374.


> Should we say something about 1.15?  (I can argue either way.)
>

I would say something about 1.15 if we had a very strict timeline for the
release. As of now, I don't think we have (sorry to say!).

 /Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-27 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Fri, 27 May 2022 10:40 +00:00:
> Den tors 26 maj 2022 kl 14:14 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
>> +0.5 to post to announce@ (and users@).  Might want to post the full
>> draft here (including subject, etc.) first, though?
>
> I propose to reuse the news article, adding the tail from the release
> announcements.
>
> [[[
> Subject: Apache Subversion 1.10.x end of life
>
> The Subversion 1.10.x line is end of life (EOL). It was released 2018-04-13
> and was supported for the last four years according to the LTS release
> life-cycle (see How we plan releases[1]). We recommend everyone to update
> to the current LTS release 1.14.2 as soon as practically possible since
> we've stopped accepting bug reports against 1.10.x and will not make any
> more 1.10.x releases. The last release (1.10.8) was made 2022-04-12 and is
> available to anyone who can't update to 1.14.
>

Looks good.

Nits:

- s/last release/last 1.10.x release/
- s/ (2018|2022)/ on \1/ [two lines affected]

Should we say something about 1.15?  (I can argue either way.)

Cheers,

Daniel

> Thanks,
> - The Subversion Team
>
> [1] https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html#release-planning
>
> --
> To unsubscribe, please see:
>
> https://subversion.apache.org/mailing-lists.html#unsubscribing
> ]]]
>
>
> /Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-27 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den tors 26 maj 2022 kl 14:14 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
> +0.5 to post to announce@ (and users@).  Might want to post the full
> draft here (including subject, etc.) first, though?

I propose to reuse the news article, adding the tail from the release
announcements.

[[[
Subject: Apache Subversion 1.10.x end of life

The Subversion 1.10.x line is end of life (EOL). It was released 2018-04-13
and was supported for the last four years according to the LTS release
life-cycle (see How we plan releases[1]). We recommend everyone to update
to the current LTS release 1.14.2 as soon as practically possible since
we've stopped accepting bug reports against 1.10.x and will not make any
more 1.10.x releases. The last release (1.10.8) was made 2022-04-12 and is
available to anyone who can't update to 1.14.

Thanks,
- The Subversion Team

[1] https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html#release-planning

--
To unsubscribe, please see:

https://subversion.apache.org/mailing-lists.html#unsubscribing
]]]


/Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-26 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sun, 22 May 2022 21:07 +00:00:
> Den mån 9 maj 2022 kl 14:12 skrev Nathan Hartman :
>
>> On Mon, May 9, 2022 at 7:38 AM Daniel Sahlberg <
>> daniel.l.sahlb...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>>> Den sön 8 maj 2022 kl 02:21 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
>>>
 Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 18:37 +00:00:
 > Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 14:17 skrev Daniel Shahaf <
 d...@daniel.shahaf.name>:
 >
 >> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
 >> > I've committed the changes in r1900649.
 >>
 >> I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
 >> EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".
 >>
 >
 > Good point. I also considered this, but I couldn't find any other
 > release being announced EOL so I elected to not do this. I'm open
 > to reconsider!
 >

 Until today, most releases that have gone EOL did so either by virtue of
 a subsequent .0 release being made (1.0 through 1.8) or at about the
 same time as a subsequent .0 release being made (1.11 through 1.13
 inclusive).  In either case, at about the time of a release's going EOL
 there would have been a news entry (and announce@ post, and possibly
 a press release) about the new release, and the new release's release
 notes would have pointed out, at the very end, that previous releases
 were EOL'ed by the new release. So, to someone who knew our "support two
 release lines" policy, EOLings were very visible.

>>>
>>> Good point. I saw this in the release notes but I can't find anything in
>>> announce@. Is the new release policy something we want to announce?
>>>
>>> I've added a news item in 1900735 et al.
>>>
>>
>>
>> I think we should announce it.
>>
>> The proposed news item looks good.
>>
>> One thing I might change is to suggest updating "as soon as practical," or
>> something to that effect, and point out that 1.10.8, released last month,
>> is available as a final 1.10 release.
>>
>
> Thanks, sounds like a good idea. I've added this in r1901130.
>
> Can I just copy the news item text and post to announce@

+0.5 to post to announce@ (and users@).  Might want to post the full
draft here (including subject, etc.) first, though?

> (I suppose I will have to configure my @apache.org address as sender).

Yes.  It's mail-relay.apache.org:587.

Cheers,

Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-22 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den mån 9 maj 2022 kl 14:12 skrev Nathan Hartman :

> On Mon, May 9, 2022 at 7:38 AM Daniel Sahlberg <
> daniel.l.sahlb...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Den sön 8 maj 2022 kl 02:21 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
>>
>>> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 18:37 +00:00:
>>> > Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 14:17 skrev Daniel Shahaf <
>>> d...@daniel.shahaf.name>:
>>> >
>>> >> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
>>> >> > I've committed the changes in r1900649.
>>> >>
>>> >> I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
>>> >> EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".
>>> >>
>>> >
>>> > Good point. I also considered this, but I couldn't find any other
>>> release
>>> > being announced EOL so I elected to not do this. I'm open to
>>> reconsider!
>>> >
>>>
>>> Until today, most releases that have gone EOL did so either by virtue of
>>> a subsequent .0 release being made (1.0 through 1.8) or at about the
>>> same time as a subsequent .0 release being made (1.11 through 1.13
>>> inclusive).  In either case, at about the time of a release's going EOL
>>> there would have been a news entry (and announce@ post, and possibly
>>> a press release) about the new release, and the new release's release
>>> notes would have pointed out, at the very end, that previous releases
>>> were EOL'ed by the new release. So, to someone who knew our "support two
>>> release lines" policy, EOLings were very visible.
>>>
>>
>> Good point. I saw this in the release notes but I can't find anything in
>> announce@. Is the new release policy something we want to announce?
>>
>> I've added a news item in 1900735 et al.
>>
>
>
> I think we should announce it.
>
> The proposed news item looks good.
>
> One thing I might change is to suggest updating "as soon as practical," or
> something to that effect, and point out that 1.10.8, released last month,
> is available as a final 1.10 release.
>

Thanks, sounds like a good idea. I've added this in r1901130.

Can I just copy the news item text and post to announce@ (I suppose I will
have to configure my @apache.org address as sender).

/Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-09 Thread Nathan Hartman
On Mon, May 9, 2022 at 7:38 AM Daniel Sahlberg 
wrote:

> Den sön 8 maj 2022 kl 02:21 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
>
>> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 18:37 +00:00:
>> > Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 14:17 skrev Daniel Shahaf > >:
>> >
>> >> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
>> >> > I've committed the changes in r1900649.
>> >>
>> >> I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
>> >> EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".
>> >>
>> >
>> > Good point. I also considered this, but I couldn't find any other
>> release
>> > being announced EOL so I elected to not do this. I'm open to reconsider!
>> >
>>
>> Until today, most releases that have gone EOL did so either by virtue of
>> a subsequent .0 release being made (1.0 through 1.8) or at about the
>> same time as a subsequent .0 release being made (1.11 through 1.13
>> inclusive).  In either case, at about the time of a release's going EOL
>> there would have been a news entry (and announce@ post, and possibly
>> a press release) about the new release, and the new release's release
>> notes would have pointed out, at the very end, that previous releases
>> were EOL'ed by the new release. So, to someone who knew our "support two
>> release lines" policy, EOLings were very visible.
>>
>
> Good point. I saw this in the release notes but I can't find anything in
> announce@. Is the new release policy something we want to announce?
>
> I've added a news item in 1900735 et al.
>


I think we should announce it.

The proposed news item looks good.

One thing I might change is to suggest updating "as soon as practical," or
something to that effect, and point out that 1.10.8, released last month,
is available as a final 1.10 release.

Cheers
Nathan


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-09 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den sön 8 maj 2022 kl 02:21 skrev Daniel Shahaf :

> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 18:37 +00:00:
> > Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 14:17 skrev Daniel Shahaf  >:
> >
> >> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
> >> > I've committed the changes in r1900649.
> >>
> >> I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
> >> EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".
> >>
> >
> > Good point. I also considered this, but I couldn't find any other release
> > being announced EOL so I elected to not do this. I'm open to reconsider!
> >
>
> Until today, most releases that have gone EOL did so either by virtue of
> a subsequent .0 release being made (1.0 through 1.8) or at about the
> same time as a subsequent .0 release being made (1.11 through 1.13
> inclusive).  In either case, at about the time of a release's going EOL
> there would have been a news entry (and announce@ post, and possibly
> a press release) about the new release, and the new release's release
> notes would have pointed out, at the very end, that previous releases
> were EOL'ed by the new release. So, to someone who knew our "support two
> release lines" policy, EOLings were very visible.
>

Good point. I saw this in the release notes but I can't find anything in
announce@. Is the new release policy something we want to announce?

I've added a news item in 1900735 et al.

Kind regards,
Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-07 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 18:37 +00:00:
> Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 14:17 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
>
>> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
>> > I've committed the changes in r1900649.
>>
>> I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
>> EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".
>>
>
> Good point. I also considered this, but I couldn't find any other release
> being announced EOL so I elected to not do this. I'm open to reconsider!
>

Until today, most releases that have gone EOL did so either by virtue of
a subsequent .0 release being made (1.0 through 1.8) or at about the
same time as a subsequent .0 release being made (1.11 through 1.13
inclusive).  In either case, at about the time of a release's going EOL
there would have been a news entry (and announce@ post, and possibly
a press release) about the new release, and the new release's release
notes would have pointed out, at the very end, that previous releases
were EOL'ed by the new release. So, to someone who knew our "support two
release lines" policy, EOLings were very visible.

As to 1.9, I don't think we made a conscious decision _not_ to make
a news entry pointing out that 1.9 went EOL, either.

> There will be a bunch of further changes, for example the download page.
> I'll commit to staging first and encourage review (it is getting late
> here...) and will merge to publish later.

Thanks for doing the legwork :)

Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-07 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 14:17 skrev Daniel Shahaf :

> Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
> > I've committed the changes in r1900649.
>
> I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
> EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".
>

Good point. I also considered this, but I couldn't find any other release
being announced EOL so I elected to not do this. I'm open to reconsider!

There will be a bunch of further changes, for example the download page.
I'll commit to staging first and encourage review (it is getting late
here...) and will merge to publish later.

/Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-07 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den lör 7 maj 2022 kl 12:35 skrev Julian Foad :

> Just to add my support: I am glad to see the community adapting the
> release policy to suit the current circumstances.
>

Thanks Julian, it means a lot to have your support!

/Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-07 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Daniel Sahlberg wrote on Sat, 07 May 2022 09:53 +00:00:
> I've committed the changes in r1900649.

I wonder if this merits a news entry on /index.html?  Just "1.10.x is
EOL; please upgrade to 1.14".


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-07 Thread Julian Foad
Just to add my support: I am glad to see the community adapting the
release policy to suit the current circumstances.


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-07 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den tors 5 maj 2022 kl 05:32 skrev Nathan Hartman :

> On Wed, May 4, 2022 at 5:06 PM Daniel Sahlberg <
> daniel.l.sahlb...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> This is a thread reply and not directly to Johan's e-mail, just grabbed
>> the last one in the thread.
>>
>> I'm trying to sum up the thread with the hope that we can reach a
>> decision within the next few days.
>>
>> In the thread there has been various +1's from Johan Corveleyn, Nathan
>> Hartman, Daniel Shahaf and me. Stefan Sperling raised valuable points which
>> I hope we have addressed (mainly not to have too many LTS releases at the
>> same time: If we end up in a situation with frequent releases we should
>> make new releases Regular instead of LTS). I have not seen anyone object to
>> move away from time-based releases and I believe we are approaching
>> consensus on this.
>>
>> Daniel Shahaf and I have co-authored some updates in
>> staging: r1900404,r1900405,r1900528,r1900532,r1900561,r1900562. I have test
>> merged these changes to publish and attach a patch showing the actual diff.
>>
>
>
> I've had a busy last few days and didn't respond here but I reviewed the
> above commits soon after they were done as well as the page itself at
> staging as it is now, and it looks good to me.
>
> There were a few minor things I was going to mention but they were fixed
> before I got around to bringing them up.
>
> Thanks Daniel and Daniel for your work on this and thanks to everyone for
> providing input.
>
> I think this release policy is a reasonable middle ground between the
> original and the recent one, which is realistic and still keeps the most
> important benefits of both. Hopefully everyone is happy with it. If you
> have any input either way, please speak up!!
>
>
> Regarding declaring 1.10 EOL, it was announced to have a 4 year support
>> period /after/ it was released. I have seen no objections on applying this
>> and assume we are approaching consensus on this as well. There will be a
>> few additional changes (as noted by Danielsh elsewhere) to the website and
>> to dist/release caused by the EOL.
>>
>> I will allow the thread a few days to soak to give everyone a last chance
>> to raise concerns before making the actual commits.
>>
>
>
> Yes, let's wait and see for a few more days.
>

I've committed the changes in r1900649.

Kind regards,
Daniel

>


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-04 Thread Nathan Hartman
On Wed, May 4, 2022 at 5:06 PM Daniel Sahlberg 
wrote:

> This is a thread reply and not directly to Johan's e-mail, just grabbed
> the last one in the thread.
>
> I'm trying to sum up the thread with the hope that we can reach a decision
> within the next few days.
>
> In the thread there has been various +1's from Johan Corveleyn, Nathan
> Hartman, Daniel Shahaf and me. Stefan Sperling raised valuable points which
> I hope we have addressed (mainly not to have too many LTS releases at the
> same time: If we end up in a situation with frequent releases we should
> make new releases Regular instead of LTS). I have not seen anyone object to
> move away from time-based releases and I believe we are approaching
> consensus on this.
>
> Daniel Shahaf and I have co-authored some updates in
> staging: r1900404,r1900405,r1900528,r1900532,r1900561,r1900562. I have test
> merged these changes to publish and attach a patch showing the actual diff.
>


I've had a busy last few days and didn't respond here but I reviewed the
above commits soon after they were done as well as the page itself at
staging as it is now, and it looks good to me.

There were a few minor things I was going to mention but they were fixed
before I got around to bringing them up.

Thanks Daniel and Daniel for your work on this and thanks to everyone for
providing input.

I think this release policy is a reasonable middle ground between the
original and the recent one, which is realistic and still keeps the most
important benefits of both. Hopefully everyone is happy with it. If you
have any input either way, please speak up!!


Regarding declaring 1.10 EOL, it was announced to have a 4 year support
> period /after/ it was released. I have seen no objections on applying this
> and assume we are approaching consensus on this as well. There will be a
> few additional changes (as noted by Danielsh elsewhere) to the website and
> to dist/release caused by the EOL.
>
> I will allow the thread a few days to soak to give everyone a last chance
> to raise concerns before making the actual commits.
>


Yes, let's wait and see for a few more days.

Cheers,
Nathan


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-05-04 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
This is a thread reply and not directly to Johan's e-mail, just grabbed the
last one in the thread.

I'm trying to sum up the thread with the hope that we can reach a decision
within the next few days.

In the thread there has been various +1's from Johan Corveleyn, Nathan
Hartman, Daniel Shahaf and me. Stefan Sperling raised valuable points which
I hope we have addressed (mainly not to have too many LTS releases at the
same time: If we end up in a situation with frequent releases we should
make new releases Regular instead of LTS). I have not seen anyone object to
move away from time-based releases and I believe we are approaching
consensus on this.

Daniel Shahaf and I have co-authored some updates in
staging: r1900404,r1900405,r1900528,r1900532,r1900561,r1900562. I have test
merged these changes to publish and attach a patch showing the actual diff.

Regarding declaring 1.10 EOL, it was announced to have a 4 year support
period /after/ it was released. I have seen no objections on applying this
and assume we are approaching consensus on this as well. There will be a
few additional changes (as noted by Danielsh elsewhere) to the website and
to dist/release caused by the EOL.

I will allow the thread a few days to soak to give everyone a last chance
to raise concerns before making the actual commits.

Kind regards,
Daniel Sahlberg
Index: docs/community-guide/releasing.part.html
===
--- docs/community-guide/releasing.part.html(revision 1900564)
+++ docs/community-guide/releasing.part.html(working copy)
@@ -1622,6 +1622,10 @@
 Ask someone with appropriate access to add the A.B.x branch to the
backport merge bot.
 
+
+Decide whether the release would be regular or LTS and record the
+decision in lts_release_lines in 
tools/dist/release-lines.yaml
+for release.py.
 
 
  
Index: roadmap.html
===
--- roadmap.html(revision 1900564)
+++ roadmap.html(working copy)
@@ -86,41 +86,51 @@
 title="Link to this section">¶
 
 
-Subversion plans to make a regular release every 6 months,
-   with a Long-Term Support (LTS) release every 2 years.
-   Regular releases are intended to deliver new features more quickly, while
-   LTS releases are intended to provide stability over longer periods.
+Subversion has two types of releases:
+   regular releases are intended to deliver new features more 
quickly, while
+   LTS releases are 
intended to provide stability over longer periods.
 
 
-
-  
-type of release
-emphasis
-release every
-support period
-release numbers
-  
-  
-LTS release
-stability
-2 years
-4 years
-1.10, 1.14, ...
-  
-  
-regular release
-features
-6 months
-6 months
-1.11, 1.12, 1.13, ...
-  
-
+The two types releases differ in their support lifetime:
 
+
+
+Regular releases are supported for six months from the date of
+their initial release.  For instance, 1.11.x was supported until six months
+after the announcement of 1.11.0.  A regular release may be used to get new
+features out sooner without having to support a particular release for an
+extended period of time, to make feature development more appealing, rewarding
+and faster for both the contributors and the users.
+
+LTS releases are supported for four years from the date of their
+initial release.  For instance, 1.14.x will be supported until four years after
+the announcement of 1.14.0.
+
+LTS releases are supported until three months after the release of
+the next LTS.
+
+The previous two guarantees cumulate: for an LTS release line to be declared
+end-of-life (EOL), it has to both have been first released over four
+years before and have been supported in parallel to a newer LTS
+release line for at least three months.
+
+For instance, assume 1.42.0 is released on 2042-07-01 and 1.42 is declared
+an LTS line.  In this case, 1.42 will be supported at least until 2046-06-30
+(with no ifs, buts, or maybes).  Furthermore, it is expected that a newer LTS
+release (1.43.0, 1.44.0, etc.) will be made before 2046-04-01, leaving three
+months for upgrading installations.  In case no newer LTS release is made
+until, say, 2048-01-01, the lifetime of 1.42 will automatically be extended
+until 2048-03-31.
+
+At any given time there will be at least one supported LTS release. The
+most current LTS release will be supported with general backports and any
+older release(s) will receive high priority fixes.
+
+
+
 During the support period, we commit to providing updates that fix high
 priority issues such as security and data loss or corruption. We may also
-sometimes fix other issues as appropriate to the emphasis of each release.
-If a release takes longer than planned, we will extend the support periods
-of the previous releases accordingly.
+sometimes fix other issues as appropriate to the emphasis of each release.

Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-29 Thread Johan Corveleyn
On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 9:26 PM Nathan Hartman  wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 3:12 PM Stefan Sperling  wrote:
>> On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 01:29:43PM +, Daniel Shahaf wrote:
>> > Stefan Sperling wrote on Thu, 28 Apr 2022 09:55 +00:00:
>> > > I think it would be better to have such details spelled out in English
>> > > in a manner that is easy to understand for anyone, with illustrating
>> > > examples, instead of (or in addition to) mathematical notation that
>> > > requires abstract thinking to figure out.
>> >
>> > I'm unable to interpret this charitably.
>>
>> Fine, I'll best just shut up then.
>
> Please, let's not have any of that!!

Indeed!

Stefan, I always appreciate your input / feedback / opinion / view on
things, just as much as I appreciate Daniel's. So please keep it
coming, both of you :-).

I did not sense any sort of negative undertone or implicit criticism.
Just useful feedback. At least that's my interpretation.

Anyhow, moving on ... I agree with the direction this is heading, and
+1 to Daniel's concrete patch that was posted a bit later (thanks for
spelling things out).

(But please, please, please ... keep input, feedback, ideas, chiming
in, reservations, cheering, ... coming. Always.)

-- 
Johan


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Nathan Hartman wrote on Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 15:25:55 -0400:
> if we start releasing more frequent LTS .0 versions, we would end up
> promising to support too many lines simultaneously. I hadn't
> considered that because I was working from the assumption that we
> aren't releasing new lines frequently enough for that to be a problem,
> but we'd better document that in HACKING so the dev community doesn't
> forget that in the future and create that situation. Maybe it'll be an
> explanation about when to call a release LTS vs Regular. E.g., if
> there exist two supported release lines then any further releases
> should be Regular until the older LTS drops out.

While there, HACKING should tell the RM to record the "Is it LTS or
regular?" decision into release-lines.yaml:lts_release_lines.


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Nathan Hartman wrote on Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 15:25:55 -0400:
> the explanation about support periods should be easy to understand.

Index: staging/roadmap.html
===
--- staging/roadmap.html(revision 1900368)
+++ staging/roadmap.html(working copy)
@@ -86,41 +86,46 @@
 title="Link to this section">¶
 
 
-Subversion plans to make a regular release every 6 months,
-   with a Long-Term Support (LTS) release every 2 years.
-   Regular releases are intended to deliver new features more quickly, while
-   LTS releases are intended to provide stability over longer periods.
+Subversion has two types of releases:
+   regular releases are intended to deliver new features more 
quickly, while
+   LTS releases are 
intended to provide stability over longer periods.
 
 
-
-  
-type of release
-emphasis
-release every
-support period
-release numbers
-  
-  
-LTS release
-stability
-2 years
-4 years
-1.10, 1.14, ...
-  
-  
-regular release
-features
-6 months
-6 months
-1.11, 1.12, 1.13, ...
-  
-
+The two types releases differ in their support lifetime:
 
+
+
+Regular releases are supported for six months from the date of
+their initial release.  For instance, 1.11.x was supported until six months
+after the announcement of 1.11.0.
+
+LTS releases are supported for four years from the date of their
+initial release.  For instance, 1.15.x will supported until four years after
+the announcement of 1.15.0.
+
+LTS releases are supported until three months after the release of
+the the next LTS.
+
+The previous two guarantees cumulate: for an LTS release line to be declared
+end-of-life (EOL), it has to both have been first released over four
+years before and have been supported in parallel to a newer LTS
+release line for at least three months.
+
+For instance, assume 1.42.0 is released on 2042-07-01 and 1.42 is declared
+an LTS line.  In this case, 1.42 will be supported at least until 2046-06-30
+(with no ifs, buts, or maybes).  Furthermore, it is expected that a newer LTS
+release (1.43.0, 1.44.0, etc.) will be made before 2046-04-01, leaving three
+months for upgrading installations.  In case no newer LTS release is made
+until, say, 2048-01-01, the lifetime of 1.42 will automatically be extended
+until 2048-03-31.
+
+At any given time there will be at least one supported LTS release.
+
+
+
 During the support period, we commit to providing updates that fix high
 priority issues such as security and data loss or corruption. We may also
-sometimes fix other issues as appropriate to the emphasis of each release.
-If a release takes longer than planned, we will extend the support periods
-of the previous releases accordingly.
+sometimes fix other issues as appropriate to the emphasis of each release.
 
 In this context, "release" means an increment of the minor release
 number, which is the middle number in our three-component system.
@@ -131,6 +136,9 @@
 bugfixes have accumulated to warrant it.  Major new releases, such as
 Subversion 2.0, will probably be done much like the minor releases,
 just with more planning around the exact features.
+
+To date, every release since 1.0 has been LTS, with the exception of 1.11,
+1.12, and 1.13 which were regular.
 
 For more information about Subversion's release numbering and
 compatibility policies, see the section entitled


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Nathan Hartman
On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 3:25 PM Nathan Hartman 
wrote:

> better document that in HACKING so the dev community doesn't forget that
> in the future and create that situation. Maybe it'll be an explanation
> about when to call a release LTS vs Regular. E.g., if there exist two
> supported release lines then any further releases should be Regular until
> the older LTS drops out.
>


Um, that was supposed to read:

"E.g., if there exist two supported *LTS* release lines then any further
releases should be Regular until the older LTS drops out."

Cheers,
Nathan


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Nathan Hartman
On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 3:12 PM Stefan Sperling  wrote:

> On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 01:29:43PM +, Daniel Shahaf wrote:
> > Stefan Sperling wrote on Thu, 28 Apr 2022 09:55 +00:00:
> > > I think it would be better to have such details spelled out in English
> > > in a manner that is easy to understand for anyone, with illustrating
> > > examples, instead of (or in addition to) mathematical notation that
> > > requires abstract thinking to figure out.
> >
> > I'm unable to interpret this charitably.
>
> Fine, I'll best just shut up then.
>

Please, let's not have any of that!!

You made a perfectly valid point that if we start releasing more frequent
LTS .0 versions, we would end up promising to support too many lines
simultaneously. I hadn't considered that because I was working from the
assumption that we aren't releasing new lines frequently enough for that to
be a problem, but we'd better document that in HACKING so the dev community
doesn't forget that in the future and create that situation. Maybe it'll be
an explanation about when to call a release LTS vs Regular. E.g., if there
exist two supported release lines then any further releases should be
Regular until the older LTS drops out.

Also it's a valid point that the explanation about support periods should
be easy to understand.

Cheers,
Nathan


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Stefan Sperling
On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 01:29:43PM +, Daniel Shahaf wrote:
> Stefan Sperling wrote on Thu, 28 Apr 2022 09:55 +00:00:
> > I think it would be better to have such details spelled out in English
> > in a manner that is easy to understand for anyone, with illustrating
> > examples, instead of (or in addition to) mathematical notation that
> > requires abstract thinking to figure out.
> 
> I'm unable to interpret this charitably.

Fine, I'll best just shut up then.


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Stefan Sperling wrote on Thu, 28 Apr 2022 09:55 +00:00:
> I think it would be better to have such details spelled out in English
> in a manner that is easy to understand for anyone, with illustrating
> examples, instead of (or in addition to) mathematical notation that
> requires abstract thinking to figure out.

I'm unable to interpret this charitably.

More below.

> On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 11:43:02PM -0400, Nathan Hartman wrote:
>> On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 4:56 PM Daniel Sahlberg
>>  wrote:
>> >
>> > Den ons 27 apr. 2022 kl 21:02 skrev Daniel Shahaf 
>> > :
>> >>
>> >> As to the general rule, I think we're missing a piece: the overlap
>> >> period.  We should say something along the lines of "Every LTS release
>> >> will be supported for at least Y years, or until M months after the
>> >> release of another LTS .0, whichever comes later.".
>> >
>> >
>> > +1 to have an overlap period.
>> >
>> > Y = 4, M = 3? Or M = 6?
>> 
>> I'm also +1 to have an overlap period, and the idea of "at least Y
>> years, or until M months after the release of another LTS .0,
>> whichever comes later" seems quite reasonable to me.
>
> Shouldn't this say "whichever comes earlier"?

No.  That would make Y meaningless: once 1.15.0 is release, admins won't
be able to rely on any "Y years" promise since a 1.16.0 might be
released sooner than M months before the Y years are up.

That's basically the equivalent of telling someone "I'll babysit your kids on
2026-04-27 unless it's a sunny day".  A promise with strings attached isn't.

> Otherwise, the M months rule would never apply in case we release more
> than one LTS line within Y years, right?

Almost.  It would never apply if we release two LTS .0's within
$Y years - M months$ of each other.

> Would we then end up fully supporting several lines of LTS releases?

Yes.

> Example with Y=4:
> release 1.15.0 in year 1 (support 1.15)
> release 1.16.0 in year 2 (support 1.15, 1.16)
> release 1.17.0 in year 3 (support 1.15, 1.16, 1.17)
> release 1.18.0 in year 4 (support 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18)
> release 1.19.0 in year 5 (support 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19)
> ...

Books whose plots involve annual Apache Subversion releases go in the
sci-fi section ;-)

And if it becomes reality, we could make 1.16 a Regular release (as
Nathan pointed out), or apply the "experimental" descriptor to new
features more liberally.

Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-28 Thread Stefan Sperling
On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 11:43:02PM -0400, Nathan Hartman wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 4:56 PM Daniel Sahlberg
>  wrote:
> >
> > Den ons 27 apr. 2022 kl 21:02 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
> >>
> >> As to the general rule, I think we're missing a piece: the overlap
> >> period.  We should say something along the lines of "Every LTS release
> >> will be supported for at least Y years, or until M months after the
> >> release of another LTS .0, whichever comes later.".
> >
> >
> > +1 to have an overlap period.
> >
> > Y = 4, M = 3? Or M = 6?
> 
> 
> I'm also +1 to have an overlap period, and the idea of "at least Y
> years, or until M months after the release of another LTS .0,
> whichever comes later" seems quite reasonable to me.

Shouldn't this say "whichever comes earlier"?
Otherwise, the M months rule would never apply in case we release more
than one LTS line within Y years, right? Would we then end up fully
supporting several lines of LTS releases?

Example with Y=4:
release 1.15.0 in year 1 (support 1.15)
release 1.16.0 in year 2 (support 1.15, 1.16)
release 1.17.0 in year 3 (support 1.15, 1.16, 1.17)
release 1.18.0 in year 4 (support 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18)
release 1.19.0 in year 5 (support 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19)
...

I think it would be better to have such details spelled out in English
in a manner that is easy to understand for anyone, with illustrating
examples, instead of (or in addition to) mathematical notation that
requires abstract thinking to figure out.


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-27 Thread Nathan Hartman
On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 4:56 PM Daniel Sahlberg
 wrote:
>
> Den ons 27 apr. 2022 kl 21:02 skrev Daniel Shahaf :
>>
>> As to the general rule, I think we're missing a piece: the overlap
>> period.  We should say something along the lines of "Every LTS release
>> will be supported for at least Y years, or until M months after the
>> release of another LTS .0, whichever comes later.".
>
>
> +1 to have an overlap period.
>
> Y = 4, M = 3? Or M = 6?


I'm also +1 to have an overlap period, and the idea of "at least Y
years, or until M months after the release of another LTS .0,
whichever comes later" seems quite reasonable to me.

Cheers,
Nathan


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-27 Thread Daniel Sahlberg
Den ons 27 apr. 2022 kl 21:02 skrev Daniel Shahaf :

> Nathan Hartman wrote on Tue, 26 Apr 2022 13:58 +00:00:
> > On Tue, Apr 26, 2022 at 5:57 AM Stefan Sperling  wrote:
> >>
> >> On Mon, Apr 25, 2022 at 10:05:58PM +0200, Daniel Sahlberg wrote:
> >> > Hi,
> >> >
> >> > According to the Roadmap, How we plan releases[1], 1.10.0 is a LTS
> release
> >> > that will receive support for 4 years. According to the News
> archive[2],
> >> > 1.10.0 was released 2018-04-13.
> >> >
> >> > 1.10.0 was released approximately two months before the transition to
> the
> >> > LTS support policy and I have not been able to dig out what was
> promised
> >> > previously.
> >>
> >> Before LTS releases, the 2 most recent lines of releases were supported.
> >> The most recent one would receive all types of bug fixes, the second one
> >> would receive security or data-corruption fixes only.
> ⋮
> >> Going back to the old policy would mean that 1.10 would be supported
> >> until 1.15 comes out. At which point only 1.15 and 1.14 would be
> supported.
> >
> >
> > The older policy seems simpler.
> >
> > One good takeaway from the new policy is that we give the expected
> > lifespan of a release line to help admins plan server upgrades. It
> > also helps us with our own planning. [...] For reasons like this,
> declaring
> > the expected lifespan as we've been doing since the new policy is
> > helpful.
>
> +1
>

I'm also +1 on declaring an expected life span.

> We could keep the LTS vs Regular distinction because it standardizes
> > on two possible lifespans, either 4 years or 6 months, BUT stop
> > promising to make Regular releases, neither at 6 months nor any other
> > frequency. It becomes optional to make a Regular release if and when
> > it makes sense and the developers and community are willing and able
> > make it happen.
>
> +1
>

Also +1. At the current release pace we should try to make every release an
LTS, but if we would make releases more often in the future then we could
declare some of them "Regular".


>
> > Back to Daniel's question: Since we aren't currently making a new LTS
> > release every 2 years, I think it makes sense to go with what Stefan
> > suggests, meaning EOL 1.10.x when 1.15.0 is released.
> >
>
> We actually already document (in
> https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html#release-planning, which is
> linked from the download page) that 1.9 and 1.10 will be LTS with the
> four-year lifetime.  Assuming we wrote that part _before_ we released
> 1.10.0, that means 1.10 is EOL now and we can mark it as such.
>

That part was written two months after 1.10 was released according to the
log of roadmap.html.

> At this time, we might warn that 1.10.x is "deprecated" (or something
> > along those lines) by which I mean to warn users that 1.10.x will be
> > EOL when the next minor release is made and encourage upgrading to
> > 1.14.x as soon as reasonable. This means we could still make 1.10.x
> > patch releases if it makes sense to do so, but admins should not
> > count on that support continuing for any definable length of time.
>

If we decide that we should give 1.10 an extended life, I agree it should
be "deprecated" and we should only backport things that are really REQUIRED
(security and data corruption issues).


> >
> > I know that seems kind of ad-hoc. It would be very helpful if we could
> > as a community decide this policy question and then update the site.
>
> As to the general rule, I think we're missing a piece: the overlap
> period.  We should say something along the lines of "Every LTS release
> will be supported for at least Y years, or until M months after the
> release of another LTS .0, whichever comes later.".
>

+1 to have an overlap period.

Y = 4, M = 3? Or M = 6?

But maybe we can be even stricter with only fixing security and data
corruption issues during M.

But the general principle of having only one supported LTS at this point
> in time, since 1.10 has EOL'd, seems sound to me.  We have fewer hands
> on deck nowadays, so we should try to support fewer lines.
>

 /Daniel

[1] https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html#release-planning


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-27 Thread Daniel Shahaf
Nathan Hartman wrote on Tue, 26 Apr 2022 13:58 +00:00:
> On Tue, Apr 26, 2022 at 5:57 AM Stefan Sperling  wrote:
>>
>> On Mon, Apr 25, 2022 at 10:05:58PM +0200, Daniel Sahlberg wrote:
>> > Hi,
>> >
>> > According to the Roadmap, How we plan releases[1], 1.10.0 is a LTS release
>> > that will receive support for 4 years. According to the News archive[2],
>> > 1.10.0 was released 2018-04-13.
>> >
>> > 1.10.0 was released approximately two months before the transition to the
>> > LTS support policy and I have not been able to dig out what was promised
>> > previously.
>>
>> Before LTS releases, the 2 most recent lines of releases were supported.
>> The most recent one would receive all types of bug fixes, the second one
>> would receive security or data-corruption fixes only.
⋮
>> Going back to the old policy would mean that 1.10 would be supported
>> until 1.15 comes out. At which point only 1.15 and 1.14 would be supported.
>
>
> The older policy seems simpler.
>
> One good takeaway from the new policy is that we give the expected
> lifespan of a release line to help admins plan server upgrades. It
> also helps us with our own planning. [...] For reasons like this, declaring
> the expected lifespan as we've been doing since the new policy is
> helpful.

+1

> We could keep the LTS vs Regular distinction because it standardizes
> on two possible lifespans, either 4 years or 6 months, BUT stop
> promising to make Regular releases, neither at 6 months nor any other
> frequency. It becomes optional to make a Regular release if and when
> it makes sense and the developers and community are willing and able
> make it happen.

+1

> Back to Daniel's question: Since we aren't currently making a new LTS
> release every 2 years, I think it makes sense to go with what Stefan
> suggests, meaning EOL 1.10.x when 1.15.0 is released.
>

We actually already document (in
https://subversion.apache.org/roadmap.html#release-planning, which is
linked from the download page) that 1.9 and 1.10 will be LTS with the
four-year lifetime.  Assuming we wrote that part _before_ we released
1.10.0, that means 1.10 is EOL now and we can mark it as such.

> At this time, we might warn that 1.10.x is "deprecated" (or something
> along those lines) by which I mean to warn users that 1.10.x will be
> EOL when the next minor release is made and encourage upgrading to
> 1.14.x as soon as reasonable. This means we could still make 1.10.x
> patch releases if it makes sense to do so, but admins should not
> count on that support continuing for any definable length of time.
>
> I know that seems kind of ad-hoc. It would be very helpful if we could
> as a community decide this policy question and then update the site.

As to the general rule, I think we're missing a piece: the overlap
period.  We should say something along the lines of "Every LTS release
will be supported for at least Y years, or until M months after the
release of another LTS .0, whichever comes later.".

But the general principle of having only one supported LTS at this point
in time, since 1.10 has EOL'd, seems sound to me.  We have fewer hands
on deck nowadays, so we should try to support fewer lines.

Cheers,

Daniel


Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-26 Thread Nathan Hartman
On Tue, Apr 26, 2022 at 5:57 AM Stefan Sperling  wrote:
>
> On Mon, Apr 25, 2022 at 10:05:58PM +0200, Daniel Sahlberg wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > According to the Roadmap, How we plan releases[1], 1.10.0 is a LTS release
> > that will receive support for 4 years. According to the News archive[2],
> > 1.10.0 was released 2018-04-13.
> >
> > 1.10.0 was released approximately two months before the transition to the
> > LTS support policy and I have not been able to dig out what was promised
> > previously.
>
> Before LTS releases, the 2 most recent lines of releases were supported.
> The most recent one would receive all types of bug fixes, the second one
> would receive security or data-corruption fixes only.
>
> I think it would make sense to go back to our old release policy.
>
> As far as I understand, the goal of the LTS policy was to publish
> releases more quickly to get features tested earlier by users and
> gather feedback before such features would be set in stone as part
> of an LTS release. This policy was invented at the same time as the
> shelving feature. I don't know for sure but I believe this feature and
> the involvement of a particular sponsor with some time-to-market constraints
> are part of the reason why a release policy change was suggested in the first
> place. The shelving feature was developed in multiple iterations and was
> shipped in several drafts, as planned. But it never made it beyond an
> experimental status, and given there has not been further development effort
> on this feature for quite some time I don't believe this will change.
> No other feature I am aware of has since adopted the development and
> release model which was introduced along with the shelving feature.
>
> The old release policy had its own share of problems. Essentially,
> every release was an LTS release, but the support time window for a
> release was not announced in advance. In practice, due to relatively slow
> pace of development, it worked out well (just look at the pacing of past
> release in the CHANGES file, it was not unreasonable).
> The most significant drawback of the old policy at the time was that the
> incentive to ship a release with features in early stages of development
> was very low. It was difficult to decide when the code on trunk was ready
> to be released. Every released feature had to be supported with full
> backwards compatibility going forward.
> This caused some friction, again with sponsors who had time-to-market
> constraints. The most prominent case occurred in the 1.5 cycle during
> which merge-tracking was developed (see here for an essay about this:
> http://www.hyrumwright.org/papers/floss2009.pdf). Ultimately, merge-tracking
> was shipped in a de-facto "experimental" state, and users were not all happy
> about this. Later releases had to correct several design-level problems and
> implementation bugs. Had the current LTS/non-LTS release split existed at
> that time, some of these issues might have been avoided before appearing
> as part of an LTS release and be supported forever.
>
> In any case, our current policy only works when it is actually implemented
> as intended, and this is not happening. In my opinion, our old release policy
> is more suited for the current state of things. Feature development does not
> need to be rushed, we don't have sponsors anymore who promise features to
> their clients and then come back to the project to ask about our progress
> on the next release. And our userbase seems to be more interested in a
> stable long-term support platform than in trying out experimental features.
>
> Going back to the old policy would mean that 1.10 would be supported
> until 1.15 comes out. At which point only 1.15 and 1.14 would be supported.
>
> Cheers,
> Stefan


The older policy seems simpler.

One good takeaway from the new policy is that we give the expected
lifespan of a release line to help admins plan server upgrades. It
also helps us with our own planning. For example, at the time 1.14.x
was released, Python 2 was still supported, but because we knew the
expected lifespan of 1.14.x of 4 years would extend well after Python
2 went EOL, we were able to warn users, through our Release Notes,
that while we would "try" to keep supporting Python 2 through the
life of 1.14.x, we couldn't promise that and might have to drop that
support if it became too burdensome. For reasons like this, declaring
the expected lifespan as we've been doing since the new policy is
helpful.

We could keep the LTS vs Regular distinction because it standardizes
on two possible lifespans, either 4 years or 6 months, BUT stop
promising to make Regular releases, neither at 6 months nor any other
frequency. It becomes optional to make a Regular release if and when
it makes sense and the developers and community are willing and able
make it happen.

Regarding sponsors who would like to get features developed and
released quickly, I think we should encourage it; at the same time

Re: Subversion 1.10.0 end-of-life

2022-04-26 Thread Stefan Sperling
On Mon, Apr 25, 2022 at 10:05:58PM +0200, Daniel Sahlberg wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> According to the Roadmap, How we plan releases[1], 1.10.0 is a LTS release
> that will receive support for 4 years. According to the News archive[2],
> 1.10.0 was released 2018-04-13.
> 
> 1.10.0 was released approximately two months before the transition to the
> LTS support policy and I have not been able to dig out what was promised
> previously.

Before LTS releases, the 2 most recent lines of releases were supported.
The most recent one would receive all types of bug fixes, the second one
would receive security or data-corruption fixes only.

I think it would make sense to go back to our old release policy.

As far as I understand, the goal of the LTS policy was to publish 
releases more quickly to get features tested earlier by users and
gather feedback before such features would be set in stone as part
of an LTS release. This policy was invented at the same time as the
shelving feature. I don't know for sure but I believe this feature and
the involvement of a particular sponsor with some time-to-market constraints
are part of the reason why a release policy change was suggested in the first
place. The shelving feature was developed in multiple iterations and was
shipped in several drafts, as planned. But it never made it beyond an
experimental status, and given there has not been further development effort
on this feature for quite some time I don't believe this will change.
No other feature I am aware of has since adopted the development and
release model which was introduced along with the shelving feature.

The old release policy had its own share of problems. Essentially,
every release was an LTS release, but the support time window for a
release was not announced in advance. In practice, due to relatively slow
pace of development, it worked out well (just look at the pacing of past
release in the CHANGES file, it was not unreasonable).
The most significant drawback of the old policy at the time was that the
incentive to ship a release with features in early stages of development
was very low. It was difficult to decide when the code on trunk was ready
to be released. Every released feature had to be supported with full
backwards compatibility going forward.
This caused some friction, again with sponsors who had time-to-market
constraints. The most prominent case occurred in the 1.5 cycle during
which merge-tracking was developed (see here for an essay about this:
http://www.hyrumwright.org/papers/floss2009.pdf). Ultimately, merge-tracking
was shipped in a de-facto "experimental" state, and users were not all happy
about this. Later releases had to correct several design-level problems and
implementation bugs. Had the current LTS/non-LTS release split existed at
that time, some of these issues might have been avoided before appearing
as part of an LTS release and be supported forever.

In any case, our current policy only works when it is actually implemented
as intended, and this is not happening. In my opinion, our old release policy
is more suited for the current state of things. Feature development does not
need to be rushed, we don't have sponsors anymore who promise features to
their clients and then come back to the project to ask about our progress
on the next release. And our userbase seems to be more interested in a
stable long-term support platform than in trying out experimental features.

Going back to the old policy would mean that 1.10 would be supported
until 1.15 comes out. At which point only 1.15 and 1.14 would be supported.

Cheers,
Stefan