English Language Translations of NOM standards

2001-02-27 Thread Kazimier_Gawrzyjal

Greetings ,

Can anyone in the forum suggest a definite (and reputable) source where
accurate English translations of NOM standards can be purchased?  

Regards,
Kaz Gawrzyjal
kazimier_gawrzy...@dell.com

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RTTE Directive

2001-02-27 Thread Courtland Thomas

Hello group,

I have been reading through different articles on the RTTE Directive and
getting somewhat confused. I have concluded that there is no requirement for
an authorized representative within the Community any longer. This may have
been the case all along, but it was good to have that person to submit the
technical files to a notified body. I believe the notified body requirement
goes away with the RTTE directive also. Now all that is required is for the
manufacturer to maintain the technical file and produce the Declaration of
Conformity. Am I on the right page?

Thanks,

Courtland Thomas
Patton Electronics


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RE: RTTE Directive

2001-02-27 Thread Wismer, Sam

Courtland,
Assuming all of the standards that apply to your equipment are harmonised,
you are correct there is no need for a Notified Body.  Not a bad idea
however to have them do your testing.  As far as the authorized
representative within the community, I have long believed that this was not
necessary.  In fact the RTTE and the EMC directive use the same language:
Where neither the mfg. nor his authorized representative is established
within the community, the obligation to keep the DoC and the technical
documentation at the disposal of the competent authority shall be the
responsibility of the person who places the product on the Community
market.  9 times out of 10 that person will be the mfg. or the authorized
rep, but clearly, it does not have to be.

  

~
Sam Wismer
Lead Regulatory Engineer/
Radio Approvals Engineer
LXE, Inc.
(770) 447-4224 Ext. 3654

Visit Our Website at:
http://www.lxe.com



-Original Message-
From: Courtland Thomas [mailto:ctho...@patton.com]
Sent: Tuesday, February 27, 2001 5:07 PM
To: emcpost
Subject: RTTE Directive



Hello group,

I have been reading through different articles on the RTTE Directive and
getting somewhat confused. I have concluded that there is no requirement for
an authorized representative within the Community any longer. This may have
been the case all along, but it was good to have that person to submit the
technical files to a notified body. I believe the notified body requirement
goes away with the RTTE directive also. Now all that is required is for the
manufacturer to maintain the technical file and produce the Declaration of
Conformity. Am I on the right page?

Thanks,

Courtland Thomas
Patton Electronics


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RE: RTTE Directive

2001-02-27 Thread WOODS

A representative is necessary if the manufacture is not resident in the EU.
That entity keeps the technical file and performs any other duties expressly
assigned by the manufacturer. This procedure is not related to any
procedural requirements to use or not use a Notified Body. A Notified Body
is needed if Annex III, IV or V applies. For example, our product is a short
range device where the spectrum standard has not been published; so we must
follow Annex IV and use a Notified Body. However, once the standard is
harmonized, we will switch to following Annex III and a Notified Body will
not be required.

Richard Woods

--
From:  Courtland Thomas [SMTP:ctho...@patton.com]
Sent:  Tuesday, February 27, 2001 5:07 PM
To:  emcpost
Subject:  RTTE Directive


Hello group,

I have been reading through different articles on the RTTE Directive and
getting somewhat confused. I have concluded that there is no requirement for
an authorized representative within the Community any longer. This may have
been the case all along, but it was good to have that person to submit the
technical files to a notified body. I believe the notified body requirement
goes away with the RTTE directive also. Now all that is required is for the
manufacturer to maintain the technical file and produce the Declaration of
Conformity. Am I on the right page?

Thanks,

Courtland Thomas
Patton Electronics


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Re: DoC

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

EDFA411E5E4AD2118D6F00A0C99E4BAC01DF797E@FLBOCEXU02,
wo...@sensormatic.com inimitably wrote:
Companies A and B are located in the EU. Company A manufacturers a product
and applies the name of Company B. Company B sells the product to a customer
and the product is shipped from Company A direct to the customer.
Which company is responsible for the technical file and issuing the DoC?

Company A is the manufacturer and is responsible. Company B may be just
a sales unit with insufficient technical knowledge to know whether the
DoC is honest or not. But Company A need not put its own name on the
DoC. The rules about that vary a bit from one country to another, so the
authorities should be contacted.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
Fax +44 (0)1268 777124. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk Foxhunters suffer from 
tallyhosis. PLEASE do not mail copies of newsgroup posts to me.

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Re: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

200102271645.iaa00...@epgc196.sdd.hp.com, Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com
inimitably wrote:

   Of course, no one has shown that unacceptable
   overheating will actually occur. 
   
   Do you have any more such gems to contribute? What do you think happens
   to the total current through a capacitor when the applied voltage
   contains harmonics? What happens to the I^2R loss and the dielectric
   loss? What happens to hysteresis loss in motors and transformers?

My assertion is based on the original reason for the 
harmonic current emission standard, not the general
case for problems caused by harmonic currents.  I
apologize for writing in such a way as to confuse the 
general case of overheating due to harmonic currents
with the specific case of overheating in distribution 
transformers.

My recollection of the original reason for the 
harmonic current standard was to prevent overheating
of distribution transformers on the public power
network.

I have not heard that explanation put forward since 1991 by any
electricity supply industry (ESI) expert on the IEC or the BSI
committee. It is also not mentioned in the original rationale, Annex A
to IEC 77A/164/CD (committee document, not in the public domain). But
there must be increased hysteresis loss. 

Perhaps you can correct this recollection.  If this
is not correct, then kindly disregard the following
remarks.  

Based on my probably incorrect recollection, my 
assertion is that no distribution transformer in the 
public power network has failed due to harmonic 
current.

I strongly suspect that that is not true in UK. There were many failures
(some explosive) due to d.c. in the windings before we stopped using
half-wave rectifiers in TV sets. I don't know about the situation from
1970 onwards: there have been failures but no specific cases undoubtedly
due to harmonics have been cited by our ESI experts.

I further recall that such failures were a prediction
based on the expected proliferation of products with 
full-wave rectifiers, especially SMPS.  The electric 
power distribution representatives to the committee 
predicted massive distribution transformer failures 
due to harmonic currents by the year 2000 or 
thereabouts.  Therefore, the committee operated with 
a high sense of urgency.

Perhaps you can correct me on this recollection.

You are correct, I think, about that, and I have said previously that
the early predictions were pessimistic. Nevertheless, here I have about
3.5% voltage waveform distortion, in a residential area, which is more
than I would like. 

The ESI has also been working under a threat from the Commission to
impose 'quality of supply' requirements on it, since electricity is a
commodity that should have quality requirements (see EN50160). This has
made the industry VERY fearful of draconian fines being imposed for
outages, and harmonics can be one cause that is avoidable, unlike severe
weather.

Can you tell us whether, at the time the work on the 
standard was initiated, any such transformers had 
indeed failed due to harmonic current overheating?
Or, have any such transformers failed due to harmonic
current since the work has been undertaken?

See above. But I don't think transformers are the big issue. In Europe,
the MV network tends to be resonant at about 250 Hz - the fifth
harmonic. The ESI has to be very careful that this does not result in
over-voltage, because if an MV network fails, a large area is affected.

The design of the European distribution networks makes them far less
tolerant of harmonic currents that either the US or Japanese networks.
This has only quite recently been demonstrated to the IEC committee: the
evidence from outside Europe was not submitted previously.

Capacitors and motors are the other things that are said to be
particularly vulnerable.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
Fax +44 (0)1268 777124. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk Foxhunters suffer from 
tallyhosis. PLEASE do not mail copies of newsgroup posts to me.

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RE: Air Flow Meters

2001-02-27 Thread peter . tarver
I have a Kurz, model 441s hot wire probe unit.  Refer to

http://www.kurz-instruments.com/

Regards,

Peter L. Tarver, PE
Product Safety Manager
Sanmina Homologation Services
peter.tar...@sanmina.com


 -Original Message-
 From: Kurt Mikolajewski [mailto:kmiko...@catena.com]
 Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 7:02 AM
 To: 'Joe Finlayson'; 'EMC PSTC'
 Subject: RE: Air Flow Meters
 
 
 
 Joe,
 
 One product I have found that uses wire probes is the ATM-24 
 from Cambridge
 AccuSence, Inc.
 
 Regards,
 
 Kurt Mikolajewski
 Catena Networks
 Voice:  (613) 599-6430,  x8551
 Voice  (Internal):8551
 Email: kmiko...@catena.com
 
 
 -Original Message-
 From: Joe Finlayson [mailto:jfinlay...@telica.com]
 Sent: Friday, February 23, 2001 4:03 PM
 To: 'EMC PSTC'; 'NEBS Newsgroup'
 Subject: RE: Air Flow Meters
 
 
 
 
   OK, thanks for all the replies.  It appears I am in 
 search of a Hot
 Wire Anemometer.  I've found several on the web, but all seem to use a
 telescoping probe for measurement, probably for air ducts.  
 Does anyone know
 of a model that uses a wire for measurement so I can affix it 
 to a modular
 plug in card, thus sealing the chassis.  My goal is to 
 measure air flow
 rates in each of 21 slots while the cards are installed (thus 
 sealing the
 chassis for realistic air flow).
 
 Thx,
 
 
 Joe
 
   -Original Message-
  From:   Joe Finlayson  
  Sent:   Friday, February 23, 2001 8:41 AM
  To: 'EMC PSTC'; 'NEBS Newsgroup'
  Subject:Air Flow Meters
  
  
  I'm interested in doing an air flow analysis on a 
 per-slot basis for
  a modular chassis.  Can anyone share their experience in using their
  favorite test tools for this function.  One of my 
 colleagues had mentioned
  that he recalls the use of a thermocouple-type lead that 
 was used at his
  previous place of employment that measured air flow.  Any 
 knowledge of
  this type of product would be greatly appreciated as well.
  
  Thx,
  
  
  Joe
  
  *
OLE Object: Picture (Metafile)  
  
  Joe Finlayson
  Manager, Compliance Engineering
  Telica, Inc.
  734 Forest Street, Bldg. G, Suite 100
  Marlboro, MA 01752
  Tel:(508) 804-8212
  Fax:(508) 480-0922
  Email:  jfinlay...@telica.com
  Web:www.telica.com
  
 
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RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread Edward Jones

John, in response to your attached thread you may want to review some of
the field surveys that are available from the Low Frequency Emissions
Industry Coalition (LFEIC) @
http://www.eiafoundation.org/eng/lfeic/docpublic/default.htm.

Regards.
---
 Ed Jones
 IBM Corporation
 Somers N.Y.
-- Forwarded by Edward Jones/Somers/IBM on 02/27/2001
02:12 PM ---

John Juhasz jjuh...@fiberoptions.com@ieee.org on 02/26/2001 01:36:30 PM

Please respond to John Juhasz jjuh...@fiberoptions.com

Sent by:  owner-emc-p...@ieee.org


To:   'Rich Nute' ri...@sdd.hp.com, emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
cc:
Subject:  RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.





Rich,

I would think that you knew that this would generate discussion?

One comment of Mr Hunter's that stood out in particular was the very last .
. .
 . . . the only ones who benefit from the harmonic current emission
standard
are the European electricity distributors.  They avoid
investments in bolstering their networks against the
theoretical harmonics risk at the cost of manufacturers
and consumers.

I would say that this senitment has been echoed by many compliance
engineers.
But the comment is 'non-technical' . . . can anyone in this forum offer
any 'technical' arguments that would a)Back-up such a statement as
Mr. Hunter's or b) FAVOR the harmonic standard?

I like to give the benefit of the doubt that the standard was created based
on sound technical evidence.

John Juhasz
Fiber Options
Bohemia, NY

-Original Message-
From: Rich Nute [mailto:ri...@sdd.hp.com]
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 12:11 PM
To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

With thanks to Ed Jones...

On Thusday, February 22, The Wall Street Journal Europe
published an interesting opinion on the harmonic current
emissions standard.

The opinion is by Rob Hunter, a lawyer and Chairman of
the Centre for the New Europe, a Brussels-based think
tank.

Mr. Hunter is quite critical of the EU New Approach
process.  He says:

    In this procedure, the EU sets vague safety and
    technical rules for everything from toys to super-
    computers -- for example, toys shall be 'safe.'  The
    EU then delegates to private standardization bodies
    the drafting of detailed requirements explaining
    what the delphic rules mean.

    The supposed advantage of this New Approach is
    twofold.  For industry, it gets to write the detailed
    rules applying to it.  For the Commission, the New
    Approach frees it from a burdenom task; it also
    allows the Commission to claim that it has nothing to
    do with writing the standards, and hence cannot be
    held responsible.

    All this sounds quite above-board.  It isn't.

    For one thing, the standards are not merelay a means
    of proving compliance with the underlying legislation.
    They actually determine the meaning of the law itself.

Mr. Hunter discusses ...the way these standard-setting
bodies can be gamed by industry insiders for advantage.

Mr. Hunter goes on to show how the New Approach process
allows the Commission to sidestep ...WTO laws prohibiting
'mandatory' product measures that create 'unnecessary
obstacles' to international trade.

Mr. Hunter's opinion goes on to show that the only ones
who benefit from the harmonic current emission standard
are the European electricity distributors.  They avoid
investments in bolstering their networks against the
theoretical harmonics risk at the cost of manufacturers
and consumers.

Best regards,
Rich






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RE: Calibration of test equipment

2001-02-27 Thread Brian O'Connell

As soon as a reference device goes out into the general lab population,
it's subject to physical and electrical abuse. It may take you quite a
while
to notice that some device has just one attenuator range that's damaged
(but
not completely blown, just shifted a bit).

As far as I'm concerned, once a device hits the general lab population,
it's
no more reliable than anything else out there. (Although I may put a bit
more faith in the most recently calibrated item, simply since it's likely
to
have had the least exposure to trouble.)

Regards,
Ed

Another P.O.V. :

Anecdotal experience: at the last three companies I've worked, the biggest
single source of test equipment/instrumentation failure has been directly
from the Calibration Process. When a fully functional instrument is
submitted for calibration, and a device is returned that has no (or severly
decreased functionality), it valid to assume that the calibration process
does not always insure measurement integrity, nor add value to the
development lab receiving the calibration services. It serves The Process
(ISO 9k-speak).

Brian O'Connell
Taiyo Yuden (USA), Inc.


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Re: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread Rich Nute




Hi John:


   Of course, no one has shown that unacceptable
   overheating will actually occur. 
   
   Do you have any more such gems to contribute? What do you think happens
   to the total current through a capacitor when the applied voltage
   contains harmonics? What happens to the I^2R loss and the dielectric
   loss? What happens to hysteresis loss in motors and transformers?

My assertion is based on the original reason for the 
harmonic current emission standard, not the general
case for problems caused by harmonic currents.  I
apologize for writing in such a way as to confuse the 
general case of overheating due to harmonic currents
with the specific case of overheating in distribution 
transformers.

My recollection of the original reason for the 
harmonic current standard was to prevent overheating
of distribution transformers on the public power
network.

Perhaps you can correct this recollection.  If this
is not correct, then kindly disregard the following
remarks.  

Based on my probably incorrect recollection, my 
assertion is that no distribution transformer in the 
public power network has failed due to harmonic 
current.

I further recall that such failures were a prediction
based on the expected proliferation of products with 
full-wave rectifiers, especially SMPS.  The electric 
power distribution representatives to the committee 
predicted massive distribution transformer failures 
due to harmonic currents by the year 2000 or 
thereabouts.  Therefore, the committee operated with 
a high sense of urgency.

Perhaps you can correct me on this recollection.

Can you tell us whether, at the time the work on the 
standard was initiated, any such transformers had 
indeed failed due to harmonic current overheating?
Or, have any such transformers failed due to harmonic
current since the work has been undertaken?


Best regards,
Rich







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Re: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread Robert Johnson
Years ago Digital Equipment Corporation had problems with power 
distribution in office module systems. As I recall, it was a combination 
of phase balancing of loads and harmonic currents in the neutral. A 
module system which distributed three phase 5 wire power and indicated 
the phase connection with a number on each receptacle was designed 
specifically for DEC by the module manufacturer and later put on the 
general market. I don't know who made the system and couldn't tell you 
how to contact anyone involved.


I was also aware of  some transformers at DEC which were damaged by 
third harmonic currents. A periodic maintenance inspection program was 
put in place to monitor transformer delta and phase currents. They also 
did periodic thermal imaging of circuit breaker panels as part of this 
program, but I don't believe that was due to harmonic currents.
My first experience with third harmonics was with mercury vapor lighting 
fixtures which were connected phase to phase. High currents circulating 
in the delta connected load overheated the ballast windings.
One way of protecting transformers (and neutral wiring) from odd 
harmonic currents  is to use four pole breakers, with the fourth pole in 
series with the delta, or in the neutral of the wye.



Gary McInturff wrote:

Years ago when switch mode power supplies were really first being 
introduced, we had a number of them installed in cubicles in a new 
building. We were the first occupants. We started having a rash of 
fires that were starting in the outlet receptacles in the cubicles. 
The building management teams went looking for the causes and we found 
no imbalance in the power distribution etc. The world looked good to 
them. Still the fires continued (quickly extinguished at the source 
mind you so they never spread) but it was observed that those offices 
that were have a problem all had the equipment with the switch mode 
supplies, and we quickly shuffled those around and the fires 
quit. Neither the building engineers or we  EE's had any clue about 
harmonics on problems with these so that wasn't looked at and I can't 
say for certain that was the reason, but after shifting the load of 
the switch mode supplies around on different branch circuits the 
problem stopped. So I certainly have my suspicions.


Gary

-Original Message[Gary McInturff] ut  -
From: John Juhasz [mailto:jjuh...@fiberoptions.com]
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 10:37 AM
To: 'Rich Nute'; emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

Rich,

I would think that you knew that this would generate discussion?

One comment of Mr Hunter's that stood out in particular was the 
very last . . .
 . . . the only ones who benefit from the harmonic current 
emission standard

are the European electricity distributors.  They avoid
investments in bolstering their networks against the
theoretical harmonics risk at the cost of manufacturers
and consumers.

I would say that this senitment has been echoed by many compliance 
engineers.
But the comment is 'non-technical' . . . can anyone in this forum 
offer

any 'technical' arguments that would a)Back-up such a statement as
Mr. Hunter's or b) FAVOR the harmonic standard?

I like to give the benefit of the doubt that the standard was 
created based

on sound technical evidence.

John Juhasz

Fiber Options
Bohemia, NY

-Original Message-

From: Rich Nute [mailto:ri...@sdd.hp.com]
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 12:11 PM
To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.


With thanks to Ed Jones...

On Thusday, February 22, The Wall Street Journal Europe

published an interesting opinion on the harmonic current
emissions standard.

The opinion is by Rob Hunter, a lawyer and Chairman of

the Centre for the New Europe, a Brussels-based think
tank.

Mr. Hunter is quite critical of the EU New Approach

process.  He says:

In this procedure, the EU sets vague safety and

technical rules for everything from toys to super-
computers -- for example, toys shall be 'safe.'  The
EU then delegates to private standardization bodies
the drafting of detailed requirements explaining
what the delphic rules mean.

The supposed advantage of this New Approach is

twofold.  For industry, it gets to write the detailed
rules applying to it.  For the Commission, the New
Approach frees it from a burdenom task; it also
allows the Commission to claim that it has nothing to
do with writing the standards, and hence cannot be
held responsible.

All this sounds quite above-board.  It isn't.

For one thing, the standards are not merelay a means

of proving 

RE: Calibration of test equipment

2001-02-27 Thread Price, Ed





-Original Message-
From: John Woodgate [mailto:j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk]
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 1:52 PM
To: Jon D. Curtis
Cc: Flinders, Randall; michael.sundst...@nokia.com; c...@prodigy.net;
brian.harl...@vgscientific.com; emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: Re: Calibration of test equipment



3a9aa4c8.3df94...@curtis-straus.com, Jon D. Curtis jdc@curtis-
straus.com wrote:
I personally think this interpretation is overly severe, but we comply with
it
because we want our test reports to be accepted by authorities who think
this
process is reasonable.

You are effectively succumbing to technological blackmail, and making
resistance to such nonsense that much more difficult for others.

I suppose the idea is that the calibrated equipment might catch an
'uncalibrating' infection from other equipment. (;-)
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
Fax +44 (0)1268 777124. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk Foxhunters suffer from 
tallyhosis. PLEASE do not mail copies of newsgroup posts to me.

---

John:

Actually, the infection model isn't all that strange.

I have had the unfortunate experience of having damaged an RF signal
generator by connecting it into a power splitting network while also
applying RF power to another port of that network. It served as a good
reminder that you have to always watch were the power really flows, as well
as where it's supposed to flow.

As soon as a reference device goes out into the general lab population,
it's subject to physical and electrical abuse. It may take you quite a while
to notice that some device has just one attenuator range that's damaged (but
not completely blown, just shifted a bit).

As far as I'm concerned, once a device hits the general lab population, it's
no more reliable than anything else out there. (Although I may put a bit
more faith in the most recently calibrated item, simply since it's likely to
have had the least exposure to trouble.)

Regards,

Ed


Ed  Price
ed.pr...@cubic.com
Electromagnetic Compatibility Lab
Cubic Defense Systems
San Diego, CA.  USA
858-505-2780 (Voice)
858-505-1583 (Fax)
Military  Avionics EMC Services Is Our Specialty
Shake-Bake-Shock - Metrology - Reliability Analysis

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RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread Gary McInturff
Years ago when switch mode power supplies were really first being
introduced, we had a number of them installed in cubicles in a new building.
We were the first occupants. We started having a rash of fires that were
starting in the outlet receptacles in the cubicles. The building management
teams went looking for the causes and we found no imbalance in the power
distribution etc. The world looked good to them. Still the fires continued
(quickly extinguished at the source mind you so they never spread) but it
was observed that those offices that were have a problem all had the
equipment with the switch mode supplies, and we quickly shuffled those
around and the fires quit. Neither the building engineers or we  EE's had
any clue about harmonics on problems with these so that wasn't looked at and
I can't say for certain that was the reason, but after shifting the load of
the switch mode supplies around on different branch circuits the problem
stopped. So I certainly have my suspicions.
Gary

-Original Message[Gary McInturff] ut  -
From: John Juhasz [mailto:jjuh...@fiberoptions.com]
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 10:37 AM
To: 'Rich Nute'; emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.



Rich, 

I would think that you knew that this would generate discussion? 

One comment of Mr Hunter's that stood out in particular was the very last .
. . 
 . . . the only ones who benefit from the harmonic current emission
standard 
are the European electricity distributors.  They avoid 
investments in bolstering their networks against the 
theoretical harmonics risk at the cost of manufacturers 
and consumers. 

I would say that this senitment has been echoed by many compliance
engineers. 
But the comment is 'non-technical' . . . can anyone in this forum offer 
any 'technical' arguments that would a)Back-up such a statement as 
Mr. Hunter's or b) FAVOR the harmonic standard? 

I like to give the benefit of the doubt that the standard was created based 
on sound technical evidence. 

John Juhasz 
Fiber Options 
Bohemia, NY 

-Original Message- 
From: Rich Nute [ mailto:ri...@sdd.hp.com mailto:ri...@sdd.hp.com ] 
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 12:11 PM 
To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org 
Subject: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion. 


With thanks to Ed Jones... 

On Thusday, February 22, The Wall Street Journal Europe 
published an interesting opinion on the harmonic current 
emissions standard. 

The opinion is by Rob Hunter, a lawyer and Chairman of 
the Centre for the New Europe, a Brussels-based think 
tank. 

Mr. Hunter is quite critical of the EU New Approach 
process.  He says: 

In this procedure, the EU sets vague safety and 
technical rules for everything from toys to super- 
computers -- for example, toys shall be 'safe.'  The 
EU then delegates to private standardization bodies 
the drafting of detailed requirements explaining 
what the delphic rules mean. 

The supposed advantage of this New Approach is 
twofold.  For industry, it gets to write the detailed 
rules applying to it.  For the Commission, the New 
Approach frees it from a burdenom task; it also 
allows the Commission to claim that it has nothing to 
do with writing the standards, and hence cannot be 
held responsible. 

All this sounds quite above-board.  It isn't. 

For one thing, the standards are not merelay a means 
of proving compliance with the underlying legislation. 
They actually determine the meaning of the law itself. 

Mr. Hunter discusses ...the way these standard-setting 
bodies can be gamed by industry insiders for advantage. 

Mr. Hunter goes on to show how the New Approach process 
allows the Commission to sidestep ...WTO laws prohibiting 
'mandatory' product measures that create 'unnecessary 
obstacles' to international trade. 

Mr. Hunter's opinion goes on to show that the only ones 
who benefit from the harmonic current emission standard 
are the European electricity distributors.  They avoid 
investments in bolstering their networks against the 
theoretical harmonics risk at the cost of manufacturers 
and consumers. 


Best regards, 
Rich 







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RE: Calibration of test equipment

2001-02-27 Thread Price, Ed

Regarding Jon's last comments about the use of un-calibrated equipment.

CDS has an internal Metrology department which handles almost all of my
periodic calibration (I send out my antennas, current probes  LISN's).
Every year, we have a long discussion about their need to minimize
calibration costs. (I have to provide them with a budget to cover all of my
predicted calibration costs.)

One thing I have done to minimize costs is to put all of my power supplies,
amplifiers, pulse generators and function generators on a No Periodic
Calibration; User Verified status. My rationale is that I never trusted
these devices to actually create what you set them for, so I always use a
calibrated DMM or oscilloscope to verify and monitor any settings. (All of
this NPC equipment carries a bright label warning of its status.)

Of course, I still keep all oscilloscopes, meters, spectrum analyzers,
measurement pre-amps, attenuators and probes on normal periodic calibration.
I also keep any signal sweepers, signal generators and AF/RF synthesizers
also on calibration, since I like to be able to use them stand-alone for
some testing. Also, having calibrated RF signal sources allows me to
informally cross-check my meters and analyzers.

Using this system, I have moved from 100% calibrated equipment to only about
30% calibrated equipment. Considering that I have about 300 capital
equipment items, this has resulted in a pretty decent cost reduction in the
past few years.

Regards,

Ed

Ed  Price
ed.pr...@cubic.com
Electromagnetic Compatibility Lab
Cubic Defense Systems
San Diego, CA.  USA
858-505-2780 (Voice)
858-505-1583 (Fax)
Military  Avionics EMC Services Is Our Specialty
Shake-Bake-Shock - Metrology - Reliability Analysis


-Original Message-
From: Jon D. Curtis [mailto:j...@curtis-straus.com]
Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 10:48 AM
To: Flinders, Randall
Cc: michael.sundst...@nokia.com; c...@prodigy.net;
brian.harl...@vgscientific.com; emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: Re: Calibration of test equipment



As I understand it the interpretation to have tracibility to your national
authority through equipment used only for calibration originated with NAMAS.
Some other accreditors have picked it up since then.

The requirement need not be that onerous.  You can calibrate your own
equipment
traceably to your national authority using equipment that you send out for
calibration.  Where the instrument is cheap (multimeter) we buy an extra and
use it only for calibration.  Where it is expensive (oscope, receiver), we
use
it for calibration only directly after it returns from outside calibration
(or
inside tracible cal) and after we have calibrated our secondary equipment
with
it we put it into regular service for the year.  If you manage your yearly
calibration cycle well this shouldn't crimp your style too much.

The key is not to have equipment in your calibration chain back to the
national
authority that has been used for non-calibration purposes between the time
of
its calibration and that of the secondary calibration.

The idea is to have high confidence that the tracibilty chain is intact.  If
a
piece of equipment in the chain has been used daily in regular rough and
tumble
testing it is seen as having a much higher probability of operating outside
of
its tolerances.  In my experience the outside cal houses are pretty tough on
their gear too, so I am not sure that much is gained.

I personally think this interpretation is overly severe, but we comply with
it
because we want our test reports to be accepted by authorities who think
this
process is reasonable.

To directly answer your specific question about a signal generator used in
immunity:  If it is being used as an uncalibrated signal source in the
measurement and you are using a power meter or receiver for tracibility then
you can use that signal generator, even if it went off a cliff the day
before.
If you are relying on the calibrated output level that the signal generator
says it is putting out, then you should not have used that instrument in
non-calibration use since its last calibration.

Jon.

Flinders, Randall wrote:

 Does this mean that a signal generator that is used for Radiated
 Immunity testing should not be used to calibrate Pre-Amps and Cables?
 How about Antenna Calibration?  Can you use the same receiver you use on
 the OATS to calibrate those?  I know this is a common practice with
 Commercial Test Labs.

 Is there guidance as to what types of equipment can be used for both lab
 use and for the calibration of other equipment?

 michael.sundst...@nokia.com wrote:
 
  I think there is a special requirement to keep the calibration equipment
  separate from the EMC equipment. In other words the calibration
equipment
  can only be used for the calibration process and not for testing EMC.
 
   Michael Sundstrom
   Product Test Technician EMC
   Nokia Mobile Phones, Dallas PCC
  
   *   Email   michael.sundst...@nokia.com
   %  Desk  (972) 374-1462
   

RE: DoC

2001-02-27 Thread Ned Devine

Hi,

For the Medical Directives and I am assuming, for the others, the
manufacturer is the company who's name is on the product.  In your
example, Company B is responsible for the technical file and DoC.  If they
are basing their DoC on a technical file held by Company A, they should have
contractual access to that information.

Ned


Ned Devine
Program Manager III
Entela, Inc.
3033 Madison Ave. SE
Grand Rapids, MI  49548

Phone 616 248 9671
Fax  616 574 9752
e-mail  ndev...@entela.com

-Original Message-
From: wo...@sensormatic.com [mailto:wo...@sensormatic.com]
Sent: Tuesday, February 27, 2001 10:08 AM
To: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org
Subject: DoC



Companies A and B are located in the EU. Company A manufacturers a product
and applies the name of Company B. Company B sells the product to a customer
and the product is shipped from Company A direct to the customer.
Which company is responsible for the technical file and issuing the DoC?

Richard Woods

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DoC

2001-02-27 Thread WOODS

Companies A and B are located in the EU. Company A manufacturers a product
and applies the name of Company B. Company B sells the product to a customer
and the product is shipped from Company A direct to the customer.
Which company is responsible for the technical file and issuing the DoC?

Richard Woods

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Re: What standards and features should ATE software systems (specifically VLSI) support

2001-02-27 Thread paul_j_smith


Folks,

I have been asked about info on any ATE
(specifically VLSI) standards and features
that software systems should support.
The standards may include what formats of
device input data should be supported
(or consider supporting) as well as output
formats for results.

If it is not proprietary, we would
like to know what companies are using or are
planning to use these formats/features.


Best Regards,Paul J Smith,   Teradyne, Inc., Boston,
   paul.j.sm...@teradyne.com


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SLIM 7 The latest Document

2001-02-27 Thread Alan E Hutley
Hi All

The latest SLIM 7 Document is available from our web site under news flash,
in pdf format.
www.emc-journal.co.uk http://www.emc-journal.co.uk/

Cheers
Alan E Hutley


RE: DC Cable color code

2001-02-27 Thread WOODS

There are no color code requirements in EN60950 with the exception that
green/yellow cannot be used for other than earthing conductors.

Richard Woods

--
From:  Zohar Zosmanovich [SMTP:zohar_zosmanov...@radwin.com]
Sent:  Tuesday, February 27, 2001 3:43 AM
To:  'emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org'
Subject:  DC Cable color code



Hi,

Does cables for DC voltage distribution (in ITE) needs to be color coded for
Europe ?

Thanks

Zohar (Jana) Zosmanovich 
Compliance Engineer, RADWIN ltd. 
34 Habarzel St., Tel Aviv 69710, Israel 
Tel.: 972-3-7666735 ; Fax: 972-3-7657535 
Email: mailto:zohar_zosmanov...@radwin.com 




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RE: SAR

2001-02-27 Thread WOODS

If the drafts have been submitted for public comment (check the CENELEC site
for status), you should be able to obtain copies from BSI or any other
CENELEC member.

Richard Woods

--
From:  John Woodgate [SMTP:j...@jmwa.demon.co.uk]
Sent:  Tuesday, February 27, 2001 2:05 AM
To:  ron_cher...@densolabs.com
Cc:  emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject:  Re: SAR


88256a00.00017d3d...@smtp.densolabs.com, ron_cher...@densolabs.com
wrote:
Does anyone have a copy or can direct me to a location  where I can
get a copy of prEN50360 and prEN50361.

If they are really still 'pr', they are unapproved drafts and are not in
the public domain. But if they are published, go to
hppt://www.cenelec.org and search for 'EN 50360' and 'EN 50361'.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
Fax +44 (0)1268 777124. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk Foxhunters suffer from 
tallyhosis. PLEASE do not mail copies of newsgroup posts to me.

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Re: FW: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

nebbjkpamlaglbmfcdnnceigcdaa.jo...@medson.com, Jon Griver
jo...@medson.com wrote:
He either pays the manufacturer for increased design and manufacturing 
 costs 
for compliance with the harmonics standard, or he pays the electric 
 company 
for increased infrastructure.

True, but the intent of the current standards work is to try to minimise
the total cost, thus being fair to the consumer, the equipment
manufacturers and the supply industry. It's not an easy task, because
relevant data is scarce, and costly to collect.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
Fax +44 (0)1268 777124. http://www.jmwa.demon.co.uk Foxhunters suffer from 
tallyhosis. PLEASE do not mail copies of newsgroup posts to me.

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Re: DC Cable color code

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

116CA223EAAED2119F050090272E3D7F011457F6@EXCHANGE, Zohar Zosmanovich
zohar_zosmanov...@radwin.com wrote:
Does cables for DC voltage distribution (in ITE) needs to be color coded for
Europe ?

Not if you mean 'within the equipment'. But you must NOT use
green/yellow for anything but the 'protective earth conductor'. Outside
the equipment, avoid blue, brown and black, which could be mistaken for
mains wiring.
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
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DC Cable color code

2001-02-27 Thread Zohar Zosmanovich


Hi,

Does cables for DC voltage distribution (in ITE) needs to be color coded for
Europe ?

Thanks

Zohar (Jana) Zosmanovich 
Compliance Engineer, RADWIN ltd. 
34 Habarzel St., Tel Aviv 69710, Israel 
Tel.: 972-3-7666735 ; Fax: 972-3-7657535 
Email: mailto:zohar_zosmanov...@radwin.com 




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FW: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread Jon Griver
RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.Rich, John

It's of no interest to the consumer. He pays in any case.

He either pays the manufacturer for increased design and manufacturing costs
for compliance with the harmonics standard, or he pays the electric company
for increased infrastructure.

Best Wishes,

Jon Griver


  One comment of Mr Hunter's that stood out in particular was the very last
. . .
   . . . the only ones who benefit from the harmonic current emission
standard
  are the European electricity distributors.  They avoid
  investments in bolstering their networks against the
  theoretical harmonics risk at the cost of manufacturers
  and consumers.



Re: SAR

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

88256a00.00017d3d...@smtp.densolabs.com, ron_cher...@densolabs.com
wrote:
Does anyone have a copy or can direct me to a location  where I can
get a copy of prEN50360 and prEN50361.

If they are really still 'pr', they are unapproved drafts and are not in
the public domain. But if they are published, go to
hppt://www.cenelec.org and search for 'EN 50360' and 'EN 50361'.
-- 
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SAR

2001-02-27 Thread RON_CHERNUS

Does anyone have a copy or can direct me to a location  where I can
get a copy of prEN50360 and prEN50361.

Thanks,
Ron Chernus, W6EEE
Compliance Engineer, DENSO



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Re: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

E15CFB09B1FAD311B74700D0B746BDC12CC814@EMAIL, John Juhasz
jjuh...@fiberoptions.com wrote:
I like to give the benefit of the doubt that the standard was created 
 based 
on sound technical evidence. 

It was based on INADEQUATE technical evidence, but not on NO technical
evidence. Also involved was a prediction of how the demonstrated rise in
harmonics over the decade 1978-1988 would continue in the future. That
prediction seems to have been pessimistic, not because the harmonics
currents of distorting loads are less in proportion to the fundamental,
but because the fundamental has decreased due to design improvements and
'green' pressures.

I lead an IEC group which is producing an IEC Report on the subject
(future IEC61000-1-4).
-- 
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Re: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

200102262030.maa28...@epgc196.sdd.hp.com, Rich Nute ri...@sdd.hp.com
wrote:
Of course, no one has shown that unacceptable
overheating will actually occur. 

Do you have any more such gems to contribute? What do you think happens
to the total current through a capacitor when the applied voltage
contains harmonics? What happens to the I^2R loss and the dielectric
loss? What happens to hysteresis loss in motors and transformers?
-- 
Regards, John Woodgate, OOO - Own Opinions Only. Phone +44 (0)1268 747839
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Re: Calibration of test equipment

2001-02-27 Thread John Woodgate

3a9aa4c8.3df94...@curtis-straus.com, Jon D. Curtis jdc@curtis-
straus.com wrote:
I personally think this interpretation is overly severe, but we comply with it
because we want our test reports to be accepted by authorities who think this
process is reasonable.

You are effectively succumbing to technological blackmail, and making
resistance to such nonsense that much more difficult for others.

I suppose the idea is that the calibrated equipment might catch an
'uncalibrating' infection from other equipment. (;-)
-- 
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